① International Phonetic Alphabet

The international phonetic symbol is forty-eight, so please remember it clearly. Vowels are singular and consonants are voiced.

vowel

Monovowels are divided into middle, front and back, followed by two, four and six.

The number of diphthongs is even, just eight. Don't miss it.

Chinese vowels: [], []

Vowels before single vowels: [i:], [i], [e], []

Postposition vowels: [u:], [u], [], [], [], [a:]

Diphthongs: [[〔ei〕], [[〔ai〕]], [], [], [], [], [], [],

consistent

Don't panic even if there are many consonants, there are ten pairs of clear and turbid.

The rest are [h] [r] [l] [j] [w] and nasal sounds [m] [n] [η].

Clear and turbid pairs: [p], [B]; 『t』、』d』、『k』、『g』； 『f』、『v』；

〔θ〕,〔〕

『s』、『z』； 〔∫〕〔 〕; 『ts』、『dz』； 『tr』、『dr』； はt∫は，はdз

② Twenty-eight consonants are classified according to pronunciation characteristics:

One tongue, two and a half, three noses, six explosions, six breaks and ten frictions.

One tongue: [l] two and a half: [w], [j]

Three nasal sounds: [m], [n], [η]

Six sonic boom: [p], [B]; 『t』、『d』； 〔k〕，〔g〕

Six fricative sounds: [[ts], [[dz], [[tr], [[dr], [t], [d]

Ten fricative sounds: [f], [v], [θ], [], [s], [z], [∫], [],

〔h〕，〔r〕

Spelling formula: consonants are lightly pronounced, vowels are heavy, and the two sounds are read together. Second, vocabulary:

(1) adjective possessive pronoun change noun possessive pronoun:

One change, two stay, four add S.

One change: my-my two stay: his-his, its-its.

Four plus s: yours-yours, hers-hers, ours-ours, theirs.

2 word formation after dropping out of school: one yuan and one auxiliary, heavy and short,

Double consonants and add suffixes.

"One yuan, one auxiliary and one short" means that a word ends in a stressed closed tone and has only one vowel, so it can be read.

Words with short sounds and only one consonant at the end; These eight words sum up four conditions, all of which are indispensable. "

Double consonants and add suffixes. "If the above conditions are met, the consonant will be written twice when the suffix is formed, and then

Suffix This method can be used for the present participle, past tense and past participle of regular verbs. Comparison of adjective changes

Level, superlative, etc.

Example: 1, stop-stopping (present participle) -stopped (past participle) stopped (past participle)

2. fat-fater (comparative) -fatest (superlative)

Note: When adding participles, you need to pay attention to the following two situations.

(1) ① open [upen] It doesn't end with a stressed closed syllable, so it ends with a consonant.

Can't write again. And begin and forget are words that stress the end of closed syllables, which conform to the above situation and constitute the present.

When dividing words, you need to write the beginning of consonants and forget.

(2) Diu, Daliu meet the conditions of "one yuan and one auxiliary", but their pronunciation is inconsistent with the vowel combination.

It meets the requirements, so you can't write throwing and playing dumb.

③ Changes of personal pronouns and be verbs.

I am behind, and you are behind.

Is to follow him, her and it.

Note: We and they are both.

Third, grammar:

(1) questions:

Ask questions, understand their meaning,

On the contrary, it constitutes a problem.

Tenses are consistent, sentence patterns are unified,

No, please pay attention before you answer.

Your brother doesn't study hard, does he?

Your brother doesn't study hard, does he?

No, he doesn't. Yes, he doesn't work hard.

Note: The following situations are another matter.

A) interrogative sentences composed of imperative sentences:

1) Let's have a rest, shall we?

Let's have a rest, shall we?

Can I borrow your bike?

B) When the statement part contains never, hardy, fewno, little, nothing, nothing and question.

Ask questions in a positive way.

Mike can hardly speak Chinese, can he?

You have nothing to say, do you?

(2) The infinitive verbs with to as object complement are,

One feeling, two listening (listening, listening)

Let, make, have and watch, watch, watch, pay attention.

When the above verb becomes passive, the infinitive behind it must take to.

We often hear her singing in the room.

She was heard singing in the room.

Note: Look, listen, save to is mostly used in American English.

The teacher watched the children enter the classroom.

We have been listening to the radio telling a long story.

English words ending in f/Fe become plural formula Time: 2008-04-07 10:39:29 Author: Teacher Ma Qing Source: Learning and Thinking English Network Forum Nouns ending in -f(e) appear in many middle school textbooks. Its noun plural forms: some are directly in. Add-s after f(e); Some need to change -f (e) to ve plus-s; Both forms of single words can be used (such as handkerchief → handkerchief or handkerchieves).

It seems difficult to remember these rules, but all you have to do is.

Remember the following jingle, I believe you won't find it difficult.

The wife killed the wolf with a knife,

The thief panicked with fear;

Hiding behind the shelf to save his life,

Half a leaf covers your eyes.

Press: The bold words in the jingle are nine nouns ending in-f (e) learned in middle school: wife (wife), knife (knife), wolf (wolf), thief (thief), shelf (shelf), self (self), life (life), half (half) and leaves. When these nine words become plural, they all change from -f(e) to ve plus -s, and the change of self is the same as that of self (for example, self→ours；; Self → self; Himself, herself → themselves.

Interesting English words: 2007-11-2018: 23:15 Author: anonymous source: 5 1 IELTS. Some words are interesting to read, and the more interesting they are, the more they want to read. Because English words can only change horizontally and have no upper and lower structure, they are called interesting "horizontal" students. For example:

Life is evil in reverse. Visible "life" is irreversible, but it is "evil"-just like a warning! The mouse rebelled again (guess an English word). The answer is stars. Because star reads from back to front, which happens to be a mouse. There are many words in English that are said around, which can be called turning into interest.

Words like this include:

Are-era (time);

Bin (container)-pen tip (pen tip);

But-tub (basin);

Deer-reed;

Access (cross);

Doom (doomed) -mood (mood);

Think (think)-meet (appropriate reward);

Dot)- fox;

Evil-living;

God dog;

Gnats (small annoyance)-soup (heavy taste);

Gulp (swallowing) -plug (socket);

Gut (content, substance)-tug (clean and jerk, effort);

Keel (keel of a ship)-leek (leek);

Loop -pool;

Loot (stolen goods)-tools,

Meet-teem (full, emerging);

nip(sip)-pin(pin)；

Nod (nod)-Tang (university teacher);

Not-ton (ton);

on-no；

Pan -nap;

Part-trap;

Pets-step;

Pot-stop;

put-tup(ram)；

Railway swindler (swindler);

Ram (ram)-Mar (messy);

Raw (primitive)-war;

Saw)-was；;

Sloop (small escort boat)-pool;

Smart)- Tram;

Snap)- pan;

Tap)- tap;

Ten nets (nets);

Tog (clothes)-got;

Tomcat)-MOT (epigram);

Top master;

Tuner (vats)- nuts.

Reduplicated words (groups) in English

There are many reduplicated words (groups) in English, and compound words or phrases are similar in pronunciation before and after, which are catchy to read and full of musical sense.

Tite for tat: tit for tat

Tweed and tweed: half a catty.

Heh heh: Uh huh, uh huh, uh huh.

Tink, tink.

Dada, dada, dada: Bang.

Triggers: Click (Move)

Zigzag: zigzag

hotchpotch

Crisscross: crisscross

In a panic

Shilly hesitated.

Chatting: Lagu

Dawdle: To dawdle

Chat: Chat and chat.

Messy: a mess.

Intercom: intercom

Job hopping: job hopping

1. Logical memory: Memorize words through the internal logical relationship of words and the external logical relationship between words. 1) Take a few letters as a symbol, such as "light", "right", "fight", "night", "possibility", "line of sight" and "tight". 3) The new outside and the old inside, such as: cleave“split "is c+leave, tact“wit: t+act.

2 Associative memory: 1) Phonological association, that is, memorizing words according to the rules of pronunciation. 2) the relationship between form and meaning, such as: eye regards two E's as two eyes. Bananas regard A as bananas. Birds regard B and D as two wings. 3) Onomatopoeia words are associated with actual sounds, such as Gong Gong Gu Gu Gu Gu.

Junior high school English learning methods

English is a worldwide language. Half the telephone calls in the world are made in English, and three quarters of newspapers and books are in English. The importance of English is obvious. Learning English well is like opening a window to the world, and you can enjoy more extensive information. However, many students encounter many difficulties in English learning, and their English scores are not very satisfactory. Below I will briefly introduce the most basic English learning methods based on my teaching experience.

1. Memory of words. In fact, English learning has always been based on word learning. We must remember that word memory should not be isolated, just memorizing words. Many students are used to memorizing words. For example, the word "what" is usually recited in this way, so I only remembered a few isolated letters and didn't remember the word. I will forget this word in a few days. Then you should recite the words in a whole or environment. For example, we might as well remember the following sentence: What's your name? What's your name? Then we won't forget easily. Because the meaning of words can only be reflected in sentences, interesting words are not easy to forget, isolated words are not easy to remember. Memorizing words according to phonetic symbols is also a good method, especially long words, which can be memorized smoothly according to syllables and pronunciation rules. In addition, we should use all possible methods to remember words, such as classified memory: we put words related to animals, words related to campus, or astronomy, geography and so on together. Of course, we students can also write short paragraphs to remember words by homophonic method.

2. Learn grammar. Junior high school is an important stage of learning systemic grammar knowledge. If you learn grammar well at this stage, you will feel relaxed in the future. First of all, it should be clear that when we were in junior high school, we studied morphology, not syntax, because after all, we started with a simple one, even in the senior high school entrance examination, there were basically not many syntactic questions, so junior high school must focus on learning morphology, that is, nouns, prepositions, articles, pronouns, adjectives, etc., and these things are the most fragmentary and headache, so we should be more careful and patient. It is suggested that every time you finish learning a grammar point, after copying your notes in the school classroom, go home and calm down, and then rearrange your notes to get the rough and the fine. This is actually a review process, and you should make a good classification. Different importance or difficulty should be treated differently with different colors, and you should read frequently. In addition, the grammar knowledge in class is often synchronized with the teaching materials, which is not systematic. I suggest that you must buy another grammar book and high school grammar separately, which can expand your knowledge and save money for everyone.

3. study the article. Students must preview what the teacher is going to say before learning the article, and draw the words, grammar and sentences that they think are difficult in advance, so as to have a clear goal. The articles in the textbook must be read intensively. It is not enough to say that you understand them. Every important word and sentence should be thoroughly understood. At the same time, we should take notes and even recite the classic words and paragraphs in the article to lay the foundation for later writing. Reading is the most important thing to strengthen English learning. The articles in class are too dogmatic and limited, and may lack vividness and interest. I hope you can read more extracurricular articles after class.

4. Learn to write. Please remember the following two sentences in writing study. "Reading is like writing", "If you can't write a poem, you will recite it". Strong reading ability is the guarantee for writing a good article. Only by investing more can we produce more. We don't need to write too many words. Because junior high school students don't need to write too complicated sentences. It's just a combination of simple sentences, so the composition of middle school students is not a real composition, but a composition. So in view of this, I think English-Chinese translation is the best way to write a composition. Write every sentence successfully and combine it to make a good composition.

5. Strengthen listening training. This has always been a difficult point in the senior high school entrance examination, and students usually get grades in this place. So students can't relax their listening practice for a moment. I suggest listening to the tapes over the years repeatedly until I hear more, until I can subconsciously say the next sentence after listening to each sentence.

Everyone should have a "correction book", rearrange the wrong questions he has done, and do it again carefully. Also, in addition to the exercise book designated by the teacher, there should be another set of exercises to strengthen the consolidation of exercises.

Everyone has their own learning methods, and the above methods can only be used as a reference, hoping to inspire junior high school students. If you can do the above, your English level is much higher than that of your peers, and you can get high marks in the exam. Learning English is hard and full of fun, and you are bound to encounter setbacks and failures. As long as you are used to challenging failure, nothing can knock you down. Imagine what it is like to be fluent in English. _, work hard, English is very simple. My expressive ability is limited. I just hope this article without too many clues can help you learn English well.