The leatherbacks are divided into four suborders, namely, Scale leatherbacks, Box leatherbacks, Leatherbacks, and Tumbler leatherbacks. 1, scale triggerfish suborder I domestic 5 families, including the leather triggerfish family is dominant. Greenfin Horseface Puffer ★ Characteristics: Irregular dark patches on the side of the body, two ventral fins degenerate into a short spine, gill holes and mouth are very small, mainly eat small crustaceans. ★ Distribution: Japan, Korea, and offshore China. 2. The suborder Puffer is divided into three families, the Common Puffer family, and the Oriental Puffer genus. Fugu Vermicularis ★ Characteristics: Fugu Vermicularis has a smooth, unarmed body surface, the upper part of which is brown and covered with many round or worm-like blue or white markings. The ventral surface is white. The upper back of the pectoral fins and the base of the dorsal fin each have a dark brown spot; the anal fin and the lower edge of the caudal fin are white, and all other fins are bright yellow. ___________________________________________________________________________________ The subclass of striped basses is divided into three families, two of which are domestically produced. There are four genera in China in the family of common striped bass. Beltfish is the most common species. Beltfish ★ Morphological characteristics: body significantly compressed laterally, extended into a belt, tail as slender as a whip, eyes large, high, flat interocular interval, the middle slightly concave. The head is narrow, long and laterally compressed, with a pointed tip. Teeth of both jaws hairy and sharp. The scales are reduced to an epidermal silver membrane, and the whole body is glossy silvery white, with the back and dorsal and pectoral fins slightly greenish gray. The dorsal fin is long, starting at the upper angle behind the gill aperture and running along the back; the anal fin is inconspicuous, only the tips of the fin spines are exposed. There is no ventral fin. Distribution: Temperate and temperate seas all over the world. China's coasts are all productive. Zhejiang Shengshan fishery is the largest producer of striped bass, followed by Fujian's Mindong fishery. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Classification and Characteristics of Anguilliformes: A. The body is elongated, serpentine, and the extant species generally have no ventral fins; the dorsal and anal fins are basally very long and are connected to the caudal fin. The dorsal and anal fins are very long basally and are connected to the caudal fin, and the fins are not spiny; B. The body is naked and scale-less or covered with small rounded scales; C. The vertebrae may be up to 260 in number. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS: tropical and subtropical waters, rarely into high latitudes, mostly marine, may enter freshwater for bait, mostly carnivorous; deep-sea reproduction, floating eggs, juvenile metamorphosis. Classification: 19 families, 147 genera and 597 species in the world, 13 families, 45 genera and 113 species in China; 4 families are emphasized ★ Classification characteristics of common families: with or without scales; tongue morphology; tooth morphology; with or without pectoral fins. * Eel family Anguillidae --- body covered with mat-like scales, hanging under the skin. * Congridae, family Congridae - without scales, with a broad tongue and free anterior part. * Sea eel family Muraenesocidae---scaleless, with pectoral fins and lateral lines. * Moray eel family Muraenidae--no scales, no pectoral fins, no lateral line. 1. Eel family Only eel genus Anguilla Anguilla A. japonica Temm. Et Sch Flower eel A. marmorata Quoy et Gaimard ★ Eel characteristics: Body long, cylindrical, tail slightly laterally compressed. The upper and lower jaws are finely toothed. The scales are very small and buried under the skin. The dorsal and anal fins are low, with a long base, and the posterior end is attached to the caudal fin. Pectoral fins small, rounded, ventral fins missing, body without spots. ★ Habits: Diadromous migratory fish. Spawning in the sea. 2, Conge eel family China has 12 genera and 17 species, on behalf of: Conge eel genus Conge star Conge eel C. myriaster (Brevoort) 3, moray eel family China has two genera, on behalf of the moray eel genus Muraenesox 4, moray eel family China has 7 genera and 33 species, the South China Sea, more distribution, most of which have no economic value. The representative genera are Gymnothorax and Muraena, the reticulated naked-thoracic eel G. flauimarginatus (Riippell). __________________________________________________________________________________ Subfamily Barbidae a. Genus Barb Common species Chinese barb, barb, Yunnan barb, long-bodied barb, barb Chinese barb ( Spinibarbus sinensis belongs to the order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Puntidae, and genus Puntus ★ Characteristics: Long, laterally flattened body, conical head, obtuse muzzle, subinferior mouth, horseshoe-shaped. There are two pairs of whiskers, and the end of the jaw whiskers can reach the back edge of the eye diameter. Dorsal fin with a forward lying barb before the beginning of the dorsal fin, buried under the skin, dorsal fin with a hard spine with serrated posterior margin. The posterior margin of the dorsal fin is slightly concave, and the beginning of the dorsal fin is located above and in front of the beginning of the ventral fin, closer to the tip of the muzzle than to the base of the caudal fin. Body dorsum greenish black, ventral gray, all fins greenish gray, posterior margin black; juveniles have a black spot at base of caudal fin, adults are inconspicuous. Biological Characteristics: Chinese barb is a benthic fish, active and likes to live in groups in flowing water with a rocky bottom. It overwinters in the deep pits and caves of main streams and tributaries, and starts to grow in tributaries in March. 3-year-old sexually mature, the parents go to the big and turbulent rivers to spawn when the water level rises in April-June, and the eggs float with the water to hatch. It is an omnivorous fish that takes aquatic plants as its main food; filamentous algae, insect larvae, freshwater shellfish, etc. are its feeding targets. ★Distribution: In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the dry and tributary streams, and occasionally in the middle reaches of the river. Spinibarbus hollandi belongs to the genus Spinibarbus hollandi in the family Carpidae, subfamily Barbidae. Characteristics: The body is long, slightly cylindrical, with a laterally flattened caudal peduncle. The muzzle is obtuse and the mouth is slightly inferior and horseshoe-shaped. There are two pairs of whiskers, the muzzle whiskers are shorter, and the end of the jaw exceeds the posterior edge of the eye. Dorsal fin with a forward, flat-lying barb in front of the beginning of the dorsal fin, buried in the skin; dorsal fin without spines. Scales large, lateral scales with black spots at base. Body dorsum teal, abdomen gray, dorsal fin margin black, other fins orange-red. ★ Biological Characteristics: Generally inhabits the middle and lower layers of rivers with rocky substrate and swift currents, especially likes to live in clear waters, it belongs to omnivorous fishes, mainly feeding on aquatic plants, aquatic insects and their larvae, and also feeding on terrestrial insects and shrimps falling into the water, etc. It spawns viscous eggs in the slow-flowing water with more aquatic grasses in April and May. ★Distribution: Distributed in the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Minjiang River, Jiulong River, Pearl River, Yuanjiang River, Taiwan Island and Hainan Island. The main genera are the Yunnan glossy-lipped fish and the rainbow-colored glossy-lipped fish. The rainbow-colored glossy-lipped fish (Acrossocheillus iridescens) belongs to the order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Barbelidae, and the genus glossy-lipped fish ★ Morphological characters: elongate, laterally flattened body, rounded abdomen; small, conical head; rounded, blunt anastomosis, anastomosis stops at the base of the upper lip. The mouth is small, inferior, horseshoe-shaped. Maxilla extends posteriorly to the vertical line of the anterior border of the snout. The upper lip is thick, smooth, and closely adheres to the exterior of the upper jaw, with a deep and obvious upper lip groove. ★ Habits: a sedentary fish in the lower middle layer, can live in rivers and lakes, often inhabiting the slow-flowing environment with many stones, omnivorous, with filamentous algae as the main, followed by water plants, but also eat some animal bait. spawning in May-July in the flowing water, individuals are not large, common for more than 15-20 centimeters. ★Distribution: Distributed in the Pearl River system, the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries. c. Onychostrongylus spp. Common species include the white snapper, Sichuan white snapper, and Yunnan white snapper. Onychostoma sima belongs to the order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Barbidae, genus Onychostoma. Morphological characters: body fusiform, laterally compressed, dorsum elevated in front of dorsal fin, caudal peduncle slender. Mouth inferior; mandible with sharp angular anterior margin. The posterior lip groove is limited to the corners of the mouth with the whiskers reduced, and only juveniles under 10 centimeters in length have two or one pair of whiskers. ★ Habits: The white snapper mostly inhabits the more turbulent currents and gravelly substrates of rivers, and prefers to swim in the bottom layer of water. Every year, before and after the rainy season, groups of upstream, before and after the fall, they follow the river and downstream, wintering in the deep water of the main stream of the river in the pile of rocks. The rocks on the ingrown algae, part-time feeding feeding intensity is the greatest in March-April, winter and breeding season are generally little or stop feeding. It reaches sexual maturity at the age of 3 and has a long spawning period, from April to June in the Yangtze River Basin and from February to March in the Pearl River Basin. The spawning grounds are mostly gravel and sandy beaches with fast-flowing water, and the eggs are attached to the gravel under the water for incubation. Distribution: The white snapper is distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River and the Yuanjiang River. Onychosotoma gerlachi belongs to the genus Onychosotoma gerlachi in the order Cypriniformes, family Carpidae, subfamily Barbidae. Characteristics: Body elongated, laterally compressed, head short and wide, muzzle conical, mouth inferior, transverse. Mandible with horny edges, maxillary end reaching below posterior edge of nostril, lips thin, lower lip fused with mandible, postlabial sulcus confined to corner of mouth, beardless. Dorsal fin with stiff spines, its posterior margin strongly serrate. Body silvery white, back dark gray; dorsal and pectoral fins gray, ventral and anal fins orange-red. ★Life Habits:The southern white snapper mostly inhabits the clear water and rocky bottom section of the river, and is a lower-middle layer fish in the river, feeding mainly on the attached algae, and also eating a small amount of branches and horns, rotifers, and fragments of higher plants.The gonads start to mature at the age of 1 winter, and all of them are ripe at the age of 2 weeks, and the parents spawn their eggs in the rivers and streams in April and May at the rocky beaches where the water flow is smooth. ★Distribution: The southern white snapper is distributed in the Pearl River, Yuanjiang River, Lancang River and Hainan Island water systems

Remember to adopt ah

.