Body fat content, especially body fat content; Body fat rate refers to the percentage of body fat content in human body. The latter formula is: body fat percentage (%) = body fat weight/body mass * 100%. Using the evaluation method of body fat rate, the phenomenon that the body weight exceeds the normal value caused by muscular and skeletal development and edema is ruled out, which makes the judgment of obesity more accurate. The critical point of judging obesity by body fat rate in China is: male body fat rate >; 20%, female body fat rate >; 30% obese; The optimum body fat content is: 6%~ 14% of male body weight and 10%~ 14% of female body weight.
Conclusion: The best body fat rate is below 65438 04%.
The prevalence of hypertension in obese people is twice that of standard weight people and three times that of underweight people, and the prevalence of obesity and hypertension increases with age. Upper body obesity is related to further increase of blood pressure. Obese people have a higher risk of hypertension and hyperlipidemia than normal weight people, and hypertension and hyperlipidemia are important causes of arteriosclerosis, so the prevalence of coronary heart disease in obese people also increases.
The latest research shows that about 65,438+00% of children aged 65,438+00 in Beijing have early atherosclerotic lesions, and the arteries are fatty stripes. 15 ~ 39 years old young people,14 has advanced lesions. If the pathogenic factors are not controlled, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases will definitely increase, and even lead to sudden death of young adults.
Obese people have a high risk of diabetes, and this risk increases with the degree and duration of obesity. Eighty percent of type 2 diabetes is caused by obesity. The prevalence of diabetes in obese people is 4 times higher than that in normal weight people, and that in severely obese people is 30 times higher than that in normal weight people. 80% of diabetic patients over 40 years old had a history of obesity before onset.
Etiological analysis: In essence, islet β cells decreased, leading to dysfunction.
Obese people's intake of high-fat and high-calorie foods will lead to a large increase in blood sugar and stimulate islet β cells to secrete a large amount of insulin, thus reducing blood sugar to the normal range. If it goes on for a long time, the burden of islet β cells will be too heavy, which will lead to the decline of islet β cells' function, islet β cells' failure, loss of hypoglycemic function and diabetes.
Fat cells in obese people proliferate and hypertrophy, and the volume of fat cells increases obviously by 2 ~ 3 times, just like a "balloon" filled with gas. The number of insulin receptors distributed on the cell membrane of tissues is obviously reduced, which makes tissues and cells insensitive to insulin, weakens the effect of equivalent insulin, and appears insulin resistance. More insulin is needed to reduce blood sugar to normal level, which further increases the burden on islet β cells.
Therefore, the influence of obesity history on diabetes is more important than the degree of obesity. If obesity lasts too long, islet β cells will experience secretion fatigue or failure, which will make blood sugar higher and higher, and eventually lead to diabetes.
Losing weight for diabetics will greatly reduce insulin resistance and the burden of islet β cells, which is beneficial to maintaining blood sugar in the normal range for a long time, reducing the dosage of hypoglycemic agents, and even not using hypoglycemic agents. Weight loss of overweight and obese patients can also reduce or delay the occurrence and development of diabetes and its chronic complications.
Because of the excessive intake of energy, all of it is converted into fatty acids and transported to the liver, and the liver cells can not be fully digested, which leads to the infiltration of fat in the liver cells, thus leading to fatty liver. Severe fatty liver will develop into cirrhosis.
The risk of gallstones in obese people is six times that of normal weight people. This is because obese people have high cholesterol and fat people have little activity, which is easy to form cholesterol stones.
For people aged 40-45, the death rate will increase by about 1% for every 0 increase. Weight gain of 5kg, weight over 25% of standard weight will increase by 74%.
The JAMA research report in 20 17 years shows that compared with those who maintain a stable weight in youth and middle age, those who gain only a moderate weight (2.5 to 5.0 kg, that is, 5 to 10 kg) before the age of 55 have a significantly increased risk of chronic diseases and premature death, and the possibility of achieving healthy aging is reduced. The more weight you gain, the greater the risk of chronic diseases. This study was published in the latest issue of JAMA in July 17. Every 5 kg( 10 kg) weight gain in youth and middle age increases the risk of diabetes by 30%, hypertension by 14%, cardiovascular disease by 8%, obesity-related cancer by 6%, mortality by 5% (never smoking), and "healthy aging" by 17% in middle age. /s/upomrjh9niGoUXzupQCR_Q
Overnutrition is the main cause of obesity. The two fundamental factors affecting weight are heat intake and heat consumption. When energy intake equals energy consumption, it is called energy balance. When energy intake is greater than energy consumption, it is called positive energy balance, and excess energy is stored in the body in the form of fat, thus causing obesity; When energy intake is less than energy consumption, it is called negative energy balance and weight loss. Obviously, obesity is in a state of positive energy balance. This kind of people generally have a strong appetite and prefer high-sugar and high-fat foods, and the excess energy is converted into fat, which leads to obesity.
With the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, people's opportunities to engage in manual labor are relatively reduced, so their energy consumption is correspondingly reduced. In epidemiological investigation, it is found that adults and children who do not take part in exercise are prone to obesity or overweight, while those who actively take part in physical exercise are generally normal in weight.
Among the causes of obesity, heredity has always been a factor that cannot be ignored. Obesity has a family tendency. According to the research report, the probability that parents are obese and children are obese is "75%-80%"; Single parents are obese, and the possibility of children being obese is 50%; Both parents are of standard weight, and the possibility of children being obese is only 10%. This may be closely related to the inheritance of obesity, family diet structure and eating habits.
? Studies have shown that once the offspring are obese, the degree of obesity often exceeds that of their parents, and the heritability of early obesity is greater than that of adulthood. Therefore, preventing childhood obesity is of great significance to reduce the familial nature of obesity.
Insufficient exercise leads to imbalance of energy metabolism, which is the main cause of obesity.
A. High-intensity exercise to lose weight: High-intensity exercise consumes more sugar and water instead of fat, which easily leads to insufficient brain function.
B. dieting to lose weight: dieting will cause insufficient nutrition supply, damage human immunity and do great harm to health.
C. gain muscle and lose weight: the basal metabolic rate cannot be improved, and the efficiency of reducing fat is very low.
The absorption and conversion efficiency of sugar is about 70%, the absorption efficiency of fat is about 96%, and the absorption rate of protein has no fixed value. What you lack is the upper limit of your absorption. Therefore, obviously, it is very important to eat less fat and sugar and increase protein's intake. A study in the United States shows that a high-protein breakfast helps to lose weight. According to the blood test, compared with the food deficiency group, the high protein group has less auxin to stimulate appetite and more hormone peptide YY to inhibit appetite.
Walking or climbing a mountain a little faster (considering the bearing capacity of the knee joint) will achieve the best effect of micro-asthma. In aerobic exercise, water exercise is considered as the most promising way to lose weight because of its little impact and no load, and it is also a good way to lose weight with the rise of equipment. Healthy people are required to reach 60%-70% of the highest heart rate (220- age) during fitness training.
At the beginning of exercise, 70% of the energy consumed is sugar and 30% is fat. When the exercise time exceeds 30 minutes, the consumption of fat will gradually increase, accounting for about 50%. In addition, proper exercise before meals can effectively reduce fat and achieve the purpose of weight loss and health care. Japanese medical knowledge believes that losing weight after meals is not as good as losing weight before meals. Because just after eating, human blood sugar rises, and fatty acids enter fat cells from the blood. At this time, exercise can not effectively reduce fat. On the contrary, moderate exercise before meals, because brown fat (an anti-obesity substance in the human body) does "exothermic meal exercise" in the body, it consumes more energy, so it loses more fat!
According to the Daily Telegraph, many studies show that sleeping at least seven hours a day can increase the chances of losing weight. More and more evidence proves that lack of sleep will stimulate our brain to send out hunger signals and change endocrine, thus affecting our appetite and making people eat more. In an independent experiment, subjects were divided into two groups, sleeping for 5.5 hours and 8.5 hours every night for two weeks and eating only low-calorie food. The results showed that the subjects who slept for 8.5 hours consumed 55% more body fat and 60% more muscle than the control group who only slept for 5.5 hours.