Routine 1: Although the wine table is "affectionate, it is stuffy; Love is shallow, lick it. "But never talk about it when drinking.

routine 2: leaders drink each other before it's their turn to respect each other.

routine 3: many people can respect one person, and never one person can respect many people unless you are a leader.

routine 4: since you are in a humble position, remember to add more wine to the leader. Don't drink for the leader blindly, that is, you have to replace him, and you have to pretend that you drink because you want to drink, not to replace him.

routine 5: pick up the glass (beer glass), hold the glass with your right hand, and pad the bottom of the glass with your left hand, and remember that your glass is always lower than others. If you are a leader, be sensible and don't put too low, otherwise how can you be a man below?

routine 6: if there is no special person present, it is best to touch the wine in a timely order, and don't favor one over the other.

routine 7: clink glasses, toast, and make a statement, otherwise, why the fuck should I drink your wine?

routine 8: don't talk about business on the table. after drinking well, business will be almost the same, and everyone will know clearly in their hearts, otherwise people will not be open to drinking with you.

routine 9: don't pretend to be crooked, say something wrong, do something wrong, don't plead, and consciously punish alcohol is the last word.

routine 1: if, purely if, there is not enough wine, put the wine bottle in the middle of the table and let people fill it themselves. Don't pour the wine one by one foolishly, or what will the people behind you do if they don't have wine?

Routine 11: Don't talk about "I can't drink" (if you drink), lest others accuse you of hypocrisy. Believe it or not, people can really tell whether they can drink.

Routine 12: The leader drinks with you to give you face. No matter how much the leader wants you to drink, do it yourself first. Remember, keep your hands and glasses low.

Routine 13: Keep a clear head. It is indispensable to ask after drinking. A cup of yogurt, a cup of hot water and a hot towel all show your concern.

classification of wine poured with popular science knowledge

According to its nature, wine can be basically divided into three categories, namely, fermented wine, distilled wine and mixed beverage wine (referred to as mixed wine for short):

1. Fermented wine

Fermented wine refers to alcoholic drinks produced by using grains, fruit juice, etc. as raw materials and storing them in a certain container for a certain period of time. The alcohol content of this kind of wine is generally not high, generally not more than 1%. This kind of wine mainly includes beer, wine, yellow wine, rice wine and fruit wine.

Beer is a general term for alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation of malt, hops, water and yeast. Beer is divided into bottom fermented beer and top fermented beer according to fermentation technology. Bottom fermented beer includes dark beer, dry beer, light beer, pit beer and Munich beer, while top fermented beer includes light beer, bitter beer, rye beer and Scottish light beer.

wine is mainly made from fresh grapes. According to the different manufacturing processes, it can be divided into four types: general wine, sparkling wine, alcohol-fortified wine and mixed wine. Ordinary wine is the red wine, white wine and pink wine that we usually drink. Champagne is the most famous sparkling wine, and only sparkling wine produced in champagne region of France can be called champagne, while sparkling wine produced in other parts of the world can only be called sparkling wine. Representatives of alcohol fortified wines are sherry and port wine. Mixed wines such as vermouth.

Rice wine is mainly made from rice and glutinous rice by mixed fermentation with distiller's yeast. Its representatives are yellow rice wine in China and sake in Japan.

The sugar of fruit used for fruit wine is fermented by yeast into alcoholic wine, which contains the flavor of fruit and alcohol. Therefore, folk families often brew some fruit wine to drink. Such as plum wine, bayberry wine, kiwi wine and so on. Because there will be some wild yeast and some sucrose on the skin of these fruits, they can have some fermentation without adding extra yeast, but the traditional folk wine-making methods are often time-consuming and easy to be polluted. Therefore, adding some active yeast is an ideal method to brew fruit wine quickly.

2. Distilled liquor

Distilled liquor refers to highly distilled liquor obtained by distilling the above-mentioned fermented raw liquor or fermented mash and fermented grains. Raw materials are crushed, fermented, distilled and aged. This kind of wine has a high alcohol content because it is purified by distillation. According to the different raw materials, including China liquor, French brandy, whisky, Dutch gin, vodka, rum, tequila and so on.

(1) China liquor. Generally, wheat, sorghum, corn and other raw materials are fermented, distilled and aged. There are many kinds of liquor in China, and there are many classification methods.

(2) brandy. All wines made from grapes and various fruits through fermentation and distillation are collectively called brandy. Brandy refers to distilled liquor made from grapes. Its preparation method is to put the materials produced in the above process into wooden barrels and store them for many years to make them mature. So the predecessor of brandy is actually white wine. The white wine made in France is the best, and naturally French brandy is also the first. Other brandies include calvados and cherry brandy.

(3) whisky. It is distilled liquor made from pretreated grains. These grains are mainly barley, corn, rye and wheat, or other grains. The special process of fermentation and aging has long given whisky its unique flavor. The aging process of whisky is usually completed in burnt oak barrels. Different countries and regions have different production processes, and whisky products from Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the United States are the most well-known.

(4) vodka. Vodka can be brewed from any fermentable raw material, such as potato, barley, rye, wheat, corn, beet, grape and even sugarcane. Its biggest feature is that it has no obvious characteristics, aroma and taste.

(5) tequila. Tequila is a distilled liquor made from the plant agave.

(6) rum. Rum is mainly made from sugarcane by fermentation and distillation. Generally divided into light rum, dark rum and aromatic rum.

(7) degree pine nut wine. People usually call it Jinjiu according to its English pronunciation, and some people call it Gin and Jinjiu, which are distilled spirits with spices. Some people use the mixed method early, so some people include it in the mixed wine.

3. Blended wine

Blended wine, also known as blended wine, is a blended wine with special color, fragrance, taste and type, which is based on fermented original wine, distilled wine or edible alcohol and is made by adding various natural or artificial raw materials. It's a special kind of wine, which can't belong to that kind of wine. It's a mixed wine. Blended wine is a complicated wine series, which was born later than other single wines, but it developed rapidly.

There are many famous mixed wines and medicinal wines in China. Such as tiger bone wine, ginseng antler wine, bamboo leaf green and so on.

There are many kinds of foreign mixed wines:

There are aperitif wines, such as Vermouth, Bitter, Anise, etc.

Anise

dessert wines, such as Porto Wine and Sherry. Madeira and other

sherry

liqueurs can be divided into fruit liqueur, herb liqueur, seed liqueur, egg liqueur and cream liqueur according to the flavoring materials used.

? Liqueur

Warm shot-cocktail

Cocktail is a mixed drink, which is made of two or more kinds of wine or drinks, fruit juice and soda, and has certain nutritional value and appreciation value.

cocktails are usually mixed drinks made of rum, gin, tequila, vodka, whisky, brandy (these six categories are the six basic wines for preparing cocktails) and other auxiliary materials such as fruit juice, egg white, bitter essence, milk, coffee and sugar, which are stirred or shaken. Finally, lemon slices, fruits or mint leaves can be used as decorations.

Spirits are usually divided into eight categories: Gin, Whisky, Brandy, Vodka, Rum and Tequila, China spirit and Sake.

foreign wine: foreign wine refers to the general name of imported wine. It includes spirits, beer, wine, Liqueur and other drinks with different alcohol contents.

Warm shot II wine

As for red wine, one view is that red wine is short for; The other is red wine, which is a general term for wine by Chinese people. In 199, Edward, a reporter from American Health magazine? Daunic pointed out: French people's eating habits, especially drinking red wine, make their risk of cardiovascular disease far lower than that of Americans.

Next, the famous CBS TV program "6 Minutes" reported Serge? The research results of Serge Renaud in this field. This discovery aroused strong interest from English-speaking countries and even people all over the world, so red wine became popular in Asia, which overshadowed other kinds of wine. In addition, with the corresponding traditional "white wine" in China, red wine was catchy, so people regarded red wine as synonymous with wine.

there are many ways to classify wine. According to the color of finished products, it can be divided into three categories: red wine, white wine and pink wine.

Red wine is red and brownish red. The golden, transparent and greenish wine is white wine, and the pink, pink and rose wine is pink wine.

Red wine is made from red grapes. Why is the wine red? That's because red wine is soaked and fermented with the skin. Red grape peel contains red pigment, and the wine becomes red. Of course, the peel also gives red wine tannins, and some people don't like the astringent taste, which is brought by tannins.

White wine is fermented without peel, so white wine is golden yellow and yellow green. Naturally, white wine has no tannin, but only acidity. There are also some white wines made from red grapes by peeling their skins, stems and seeds, but most of them are champagne.

Pink wine is generally a by-product of brewing red wine. After red grapes are crushed, the peel and juice are mixed together and soaked for a short time, pink wine can be obtained. If fully soaked, red wine is obtained. These are similar to clothes of different colors, washed together and dyed to varying degrees.

Red grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Carmena, Merlot, Camry and Syrah.

White grape varieties: Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Grey Pi Nuo and Semillon.

pink wine: it is a red grape variety.

According to the sugar content, wine can be subdivided into dry wine, semi-dry wine, semi-sweet wine and sweet wine.

according to the brewing process, it can be divided into static (no foaming), sparkling wine and fortified wine.

Sensually speaking, tannin is the astringent thing in your mouth after drinking red wine.

what's the use of tannin? Tannin is the soul of red wine, which is not too much to describe. Tannin determines how long this bottle of red wine can be stored, which is to say, how long the aging potential is. The stronger the tannins, the longer the wine will last.

there are two aspects where tannins come from.

one is from the grapes themselves, the stems, skins and seeds of the grapes. Before red wine is fermented, grape skins and grape juice will be mixed and soaked together. This procedure, in professional terms, is called impregnation.

In this process, any tannin and pigment (which is the reason why red wine is red) will "run out" and enter the grape juice. Then, the grape juice and grape skin are fermented together. After fermentation, the residue of grape skin is removed, which is what we call red wine.

It's like cooking chicken soup. After cooking for a long time, all the nutrients in the chicken have gone into the soup. Of course, white wine is because the skins and stems of grapes are removed before fermentation. Therefore, white wine does not contain tannins, so it will not feel astringent when drunk!

there is another one, which comes from oak barrels.

After fermentation, red wine is still green and needs to be aged in oak barrels. It's like in life, some rich second-generation college graduates don't rush to go home to take over, but go to some big enterprises to gain long knowledge and experience.

Oak barrels contain tannins, and most red wines will "stay" in oak barrels for a long time, sometimes for a short time. It is inevitable that red wine will contain tannins in oak barrels.

common high-tannin wines

Nebiolo? Nebbiolo

Cabernet Sauvignon

Syrah

Zinfandel

Common medium tannin wine

Tempranillo

Common low tannin wine

Pinot Noir

Guihenna Grenache

Merlot

Camry.

the best drinking temperature of white wine is 8~12 degrees, and that of sweet white wine and sparkling wine is 6~8 degrees. The acidity of white wine is relatively high. After being chilled, the acidity will be more obvious, and the taste will be more sour and refreshing. The best drinking temperature of red wine is 16-18 degrees, which is almost normal temperature, so there is no need to ice it.

do you want white wine chilled at any time? Depending on the season, it's usually summer and the months around summer. When it's hot, you need to chill white wine. You can put white wine in the freezer at home, pay attention to the freezer, not the freezer.

White wines that have passed through oak barrels need to be chilled before they are delicious, and pink wines also need to be chilled!

The characteristic of a red wine glass is that it has a cup of Du, just like a middle-aged man with a chubby belly.

I saw a wine glass with a narrow mouth, a long body and a protruding belly. This is probably a Bordeaux glass.

The difference between a white wine glass and a red wine glass is that the white wine glass has a small belly, or even no belly, which is close to a U-shape. Suitable for all kinds of white wine varieties, and also suitable for drinking pink wine.

Bubble glass, also known as champagne glass, is flute-shaped, with a small mouth and a straight body, which can be easily identified in the glass.

ISO cups, which are used by professional sommeliers in class.