Zhongnanshan

Zhongnanshan, also known as Taiyi Mountain, Difei Mountain, Zhongnanshan Mountain and Zhounan Mountain for short, is a section of the Qinling Mountains. It starts from martial arts in the west and reaches Lantian in the east, with beautiful scenery, and is known as the "fairy capital", "the crown of caves" and "the first blessed land in the world". The main peak is located in zhouzhi county, with an altitude of 2604 meters.

Zhongnanshan is one of the birthplaces of Taoism. According to legend, in Zhou Kangwang, Yin Xi, an astroastrologer, made a pass for Hangu, built grass for the building in Zhongnanshan, and climbed the grass building to watch the stars every day. One day, I suddenly saw Ziqi coming from the east and Jixing going west. He had a hunch that a saint would pass through this pass, so he waited for Guanzhong. Soon, an old man dressed in colorful cloud clothes came riding a green cow. It turned out that it was Lao Tzu who swam westward into Qin. Yin Xi invited Lao Tzu to the Louguan, held a disciple ceremony, and asked him to give lectures and write books. Lao Tzu taught Yin Xi the Tao Te Ching for 5,000 words on Jeremy goldkorn in the south of the building, and then drifted away. Legend has it that the lecture platform in Louguantai today is the place where Laozi lectured. After Taoism came into being, Lao Zi was respected as the ancestor of Taoism, Yin Xi was the real person at the beginning of literature, and the Tao Te Ching was regarded as the fundamental classic. So Louguan became "the land of the world's Taoist forests."

Since Yin Xi initiated the concept of building, all dynasties have built it in Zhongnanshan. Qin Shihuang once built a temple to worship Laozi in the south of Louguan, while Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said that he had built Laozi Temple in Taipei. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, famous Taoist schools in the north gathered in Louguan, built more temples, and created the Louguan Taoist School.

In the Tang Dynasty, because the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty recognized Laozi, the ancestor of Taoism, as a holy ancestor, and greatly respected Taoism, especially because Qi Hui, the Taoist priest of Louguan, had sponsored the uprising of Li Yuan, so after Li Yuan became emperor, he especially favored Louguan Taoism. At the beginning of Wude (618-26), a large-scale Zongsheng Palace was built. At that time, the main buildings were the ancestral halls such as Wenshi, Sanqing and Xuanmen, as well as Ziyun Yanqing Building and Jingyang Building, which became the center of the ancient building concept. Although it was repaired from time to time in later dynasties, it was repeatedly destroyed by soldiers. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Zongsheng Palace was only in ruins. Since then, the center of the building concept has shifted to the platform for talking about classics. After the founding of New China, the ancient building view was repaired many times, and a building complex centered on the platform was formed.

It is said that there are four main halls in the platform, namely, Laozi Temple, Doulao Temple, Relief Hall and Lingguan Hall. There are two auxiliary halls, namely Taibai Hall and Four Temples. There are bells and drums on both sides of the mountain gate, facing each other. In front of the mountain gate, there are stone steps winding to the top of the platform. Not far from the west side of the mountain gate, there is a stone spring pool called Shangshan Pool, in which a stone carving faucet spits water all year round. According to legend, in the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1283), there was a plague in Zhouzhi area, there was no medicine to cure it, and countless people died. At that time, Zhang Zhijian, the supervisor of Louguantai, had a dream at night, dreaming that the old gentleman in Taishang told him: "There is a slate in front of the mountain, and there is a spring water under the slate. There is an elixir in the spring that can cure the people's epidemic." Zhang Jianyuan felt very strange when he woke up, so he ordered the little Taoist priest to look for it in front of the mountain gate, and sure enough, he dug a spring under the slate in the west. Zhang Jian's hospital was busy getting water for the Taoist priest who suffered from epidemic disease. After two hours, the epidemic disease was magically cured. After the news came out, people from far and near came to get water for treatment, and the epidemic retreated. Three years later, Zhao Mengzuo, a bachelor of Hanlin, came here to visit. He was very surprised when he heard about it, so he asked for the word "going to the good pool" in a big book of paper and pen, taking the meaning of "going to the good as water" in the Tao Te Ching. Nowadays, every temple fair, pilgrims still compete to drink this water to get rid of illness and prolong life.

It is said that there is a gossip-shaped blast furnace on the mountain peak in Tainan, which was passed down as an blast furnace for Laozi. In the southeast of Taiwan, there is a "Yangtian Pool", which is said to be the pool where Laozi struck while the iron was hot and quenched. Near the pool, there is Lao Tzu's "Habitat Pavilion" for cultivating the truth. There is a female spring in the west of Taiwan, which is where Lao Tzu taught disciple Xu Jia. Legend has it that Lao Zi transformed a white bone into a handsome boy Xu Jia on his journey to the west. After arriving at Hanguguan, Lao Zi transformed seven herbs into a beautiful woman to test him. Xu Jia could not resist the temptation and was about to make a move. When Lao Zi pointed his hand, he immediately showed the original shape of the white bone. Thanks to Yin Xi's intercession, Lao Tzu turned the white bones into Xu Jia and touched the ground with a cane, so the beauty turned into a clear spring. This spring is clear and still drinkable. There is a tomb of Laozi in the northeast of Taiwan. The tomb is oval, with a burial area of four meters and an area of 20 square meters. In front of the tomb, there is a stone tablet of "Laozi's Tomb" written by Bi Yuanshu in Qing Dynasty.

It is said that the site passing through Taipei Erli is the site of Zongsheng Palace. When you visit the site, the first thing you see is nine ancient cypresses that are still lush and green after thousands of years. The local people are respectfully called "Nine Old Houses". Among them, one tree was passed down as a cow used by Laozi, and it was called "Cow cypress". There is a stone cow carved in Yuan Dynasty under the tree. There are three trees in the southwest corner, and the scabs on the trees resemble three vivid goshawks with their wings held high, and people call them "three eagles and cypresses".

There are many precious stone inscriptions in Louguantai, such as the Tang Dynasty Ou Yangxun's book "The Monument of the Tang Dynasty", the official script "Ode to the Spirit", Su Lingzhi's running script "Tang Laojun's Seeing Monument", Yuan Banqian's running script "Yin Wen Cao Monument", Song Mi Fei's running script "The First Mountain" and Su Shi's running script "Inscription on Visiting the Louguantai". Yuan Zhao Meng Li Shu "Shangshanchi" tablet, etc. Of course, the most famous is the tablet of Tao Te Ching written by Gao Wenju. Its font is between Shi Guwen and Da Zhuan, and its calligraphy is vigorous and ancient, with gorgeous style. From a close look, it is a word, and from a distance, it is like a flower, and the words are exquisite, such as the first release of plum blossoms, which is praised as "the monument of plum blossom seal characters" by later generations. There are seven little-used words on each side of the two stone tablets, which are not contained in the general dictionary. It is said to be the fourteen-character health-keeping tactic of the old gentleman, which means "Jade furnace burns and exercises medicine to prolong life, and the right way is to repair Yiqi Dan".

The ancients said: "There are 120 rivers and mountains in Guanzhong, and the final south is the best; In the end, the south is thousands of miles long, and the building view is the best. " With its long Taoist history, touching myths and legends and numerous cultural relics, the Louguantai in Zhongnanshan attracts believers from all ages.

. Mount Zhongnan is beautiful, like a splendid painting screen, standing in the southwest of Xi 'an. Cuihua Mountain, 30 kilometers away from Xi 'an, is famous for its strange peaks, grottoes and ancient temples of Qingchi. Because Taiyiguan was built at Yamaguchi (Dayukou) in the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (before 109), it is also called Dayishan. The main attractions are Taiyi Pool, Wind Tunnel, Ice Cave and Cuihua Temple.

Taiyi Lake is a mountain lake, which is said to have been caused by the earthquake in Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty. It is surrounded by high peaks, the surface of the pool is rippling with blue waves, and the mountains are bright and Shui Ying. The scenery is very beautiful, such as boating on the lake, where you can walk between the peaks and enjoy the interest of nature. The wind tunnel to the west of Taiyi Pool is15m high and 40m deep, which is sandwiched by two granites. The wind in the cave is breezy and chilly, so it is called a wind tunnel. The ice cave to the north of the wind tunnel, although there is hard ice in midsummer, is chilly. Now, there is a Zhengcha reservoir in the mountain, and the waterfall pours when it pours water. Looking from the foot of the mountain, Su Lian hangs in the air, imposing and becoming a scene. Every year from the first day to the third day of the sixth lunar month, there is a temple fair in front of Cuihua Temple. At this time, tourists are flooding in and it is very lively.

South Wutai is green and steep, rich in medicinal materials, and the ancients called it the most beautiful in the south. There are five peaks at the top of the mountain: Guanyin, Manjusri, Cool, Sacrifice and Lingying, commonly known as Nanwutai, and Guanyintai is the most famous. Baoquan is located on the mountainside. It is shaped like beautiful jade and tastes like sweet cane. It is a good place for tea and rest. Dushongge is also located on the mountainside, so it is named because there is a Gu Song in the pavilion. The pavilion is surrounded by birds and flowers and picturesque scenery, which is a good place to visit. Guanyintai, also known as Datai, is located above Dushongge and has the site of Sui Guoguang Temple. This platform has a wide perspective, overlooking Qinchuan in the north for 800 miles, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.

Guifeng Mountain, commonly known as Jianshan Mountain, includes Zige, Dading, Lingyun and Luohan peaks. It is tall and straight and looks like Guiyu, so it is called Guifeng Mountain. The main attraction is Gaoguan Waterfall. The waterfall is located on the northern slope of Guifeng Mountain, with a drop of more than 20 meters. The rapids splash and go straight down the deep pool, making a thunderous noise. There is a poem in Tang Censhen: "Waterfalls hang from the shore, and the sky is white. It rains at all times, and the village thunders all day. " This is a true and vivid portrayal of Gaoguan Waterfall. The boulder in the upper reaches of the waterfall is abrupt and surrounded by a pool, which is called the carriage pool. The pool is clear to the bottom, and the fine stones are like scales. It has a long history and is a good place to find seclusion and explore wonders. The downstream flow of the waterfall is gentle, forming a lake. The water surface is as flat as a mirror, and the green hills around the lake are like screens, which is a good place for playing and camping.

Zhongnanshan

Wang Wei

Its massive height near the City of Heaven, from mountain to sea corner.

White clouds in the back of the synthesis of a piece, blue haze into the mountains disappeared.

The central peak divides the south - west, and the mountain valleys are varied.

Want to find a house in the mountain to stay, the water conductor asked the woodcutter can be convenient?

All comments

1. Zhongnanshan, five miles south of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, is one of the main peaks of Qinling Mountains. The ancients also called the Qinling Mountains Mount Zhongnan. The Qinling Mountains, which stretches for more than 800 miles, is the watershed between the Weihe River and the Hanshui River.

2. Taiyi: Also known as Taiyi, one of the peaks in Qinling Mountains. Everyone in the Tang Dynasty called Zhongnanshan a Taiyi, such as "Yuanhe County Records": "Zhongnanshan is five miles south of the county (Wannian County, Jingzhao County). According to the legend, there was a Taiyi in Zhongnanshan, also known as Zhongnan.

3. Tiandu: Imperial Capital, which refers to Chang 'an.

4. Green haze: the haze in the mountains.

5. Sea corner: seaside. It is an exaggeration to say that Mount Zhongnan does not reach the sea.

6. Divide the two sentences: In the end, the South Mountain is tall, separating the two scenes of the south mountain and the north mountain, and the changes of rain and shine between the valleys are also different.

In artistic creation, it's important to show the individual in general, and to seek perfection with incompleteness. Liu Xie's so-called "less is more" and ancient painters' so-called "meaning is more than image" all mean this ... As a poet and painter, Wang Wei knows the mystery very well, so he can use a five-character rhythmic poem with only 40 words to vividly depict a huge Zhongnanshan.

The first couplet "its massive height near the City of Heaven, joins a thousand mountains to the corner of the sea" first outlined the general outline of Zhongnanshan with exaggeration. This general outline can only be obtained from the distance, but not from the glare. Therefore, this couplet is obviously about writing a vision.

"Taiyi" is another name for Zhongnanshan. Although the final south is high, it is far away from the sky. It is of course an artistic exaggeration to say that it is "near the sky". But this is about writing a long-term vision. Looking from the flat to the south, its peak is indeed connected with the sky. Therefore, to say that it is "near the sky" is to write the truth with exaggeration. The same is true of joins a thousand mountains to the corner of the sea. Zhongnanshan starts from Tianshui, Gansu Province in the west and ends in Shanxian County, Henan Province in the east, far from the sea corner. It is not true to say that it "meets the corner of the sea", but it is also true to say that it "connects with other mountains until it reaches the corner of the sea". However, this is a long-term vision, looking from Chang 'an to the south, with no end in the west and no end in the east. Using "joins a thousand mountains to the corner of the sea" to write the final vision of South China is exaggerated but more and more true.

In the second couplet, I wrote a close shot, "clouds, when I look back, close behind me", and "looking back" is dual with the next sentence "looking back", which means "looking back". Wang Wei wrote "looking back" when he entered Zhongnanshan, looking at the road he had just traveled. The poet is in the middle of Mount Zhongnan, looking forward, white clouds are everywhere, and he can't see the road or other scenery, as if he could float in the ocean of white clouds after a few more steps; However, moving forward, the white clouds continue to divide into two sides, which is beyond our reach; Looking back, the white clouds on both sides closed again and merged into a vast sea of clouds. This wonderful realm is not unfamiliar to anyone who has experience in traveling mountains, but who but Wang Wei can show it so vividly in just five words?

The sentence "mists, when I enter them, are gone" and the previous sentence "clouds, when I look back, close behind me" are intertextual, and they are intertwined and complement each other. The poet walked out of the vast sea of clouds, and there was a misty blue haze in front of him, as if he were moving on, so he could touch the blue haze; However, when I walked in, I was not only intangible, but also invisible; Looking back, the green haze closed again, misty and long, just beyond my reach.

This couplet is full of pregnancy, writing that the smoke disappears and changes shape. That is to say, there are thousands of rocks and valleys in Zhongnanshan, pines and cypresses, strange rocks and clear springs, exotic flowers and plants, and there are many scenery worth watching. Everything is shrouded in "white clouds" and misty "green haze", which is invisible and unreal. Only in this way, it is even more fascinating and more eager to "see" further. On the other hand, the beautiful scenery we have seen still makes people nostalgic, and we can't help but look back, and the combination of white clouds and green haze just now shows the scenery before Yu Mei's cilia, which is covered with green gauze or ice gauze, from clear and hazy to hazy and hidden, which is even more memorable. The poet didn't say all this, but he left us a vast world of imagination in the "image" that has been sketched out.

The third joint is highly summarized, and the scale is Wan Li. The first couplet wrote the height of Zhongnanshan and the distance from west to east, which is the scene seen from the north of the mountain. As for the width of the south from north to south, it is expressed by the phrase "a central peak divides the wilds". If you have the knowledge of "a central peak divides the wilds" when you travel through the mountains, the poet can stand on the "middle peak" and look around you. The east and west of Zhongnanshan are as far away as the other, and the north and south are so vast. Only based on the "peak" of "near the sky" can we get a panoramic view; And "and weather into many valleys" is a panoramic view. The so-called "rain or shine follows the valley" does not mean "sunrise in the east and rain in the west", but the sunshine is strong or weak, or there is or there is no sunshine to express thousands of mountains and valleys.

There have always been different understandings and different evaluations about the tail connection. Some people think that it is not unified and commensurate with the previous triple, thus holding a negative attitude. Wang Fuzhi argued: "needing a place to spend the night, I call to a wood-cutter over the river, the vast expanse of the mountains is far from being known, which is the same as the first six sentences, and the guest and the host are clearly defined, and the non-monopoly consciousness is also described." (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua, Volume II) Shen Deqian also said: "Or the last two sentences are not suitable for the whole body. Today, playing with its semantics, seeing that the mountains are far away and there are few people, the unusual scenery is comparable. " ("Don't Cut Tang Poems" Volume 9)

These opinions are all good, but it seems that more can be learned by "playing with its semantics". First, needing a place to spend the night's sentence clearly has an omitted subject "I", so with this sentence, we can see that "I" is traveling in the mountains, and there are "I" everywhere, so that we can look at things with "I" and express our feelings because of the scenery. Second, "needing a place to spend the night" wants "I call to a wood-cutter over the river", then "I" will stay in the mountains and visit again tomorrow, and the mountain scenery is pleasing to the eye, and it is not difficult for the poet to avoid the noise. Third, the poet's "water" of "I call to a wood-cutter over the river" is actually a deep ditch and a big stream; So, how did he find that "woodcutter"? " The woodcutter "must cut firewood, and there must be Woods and stereos." It is not difficult to imagine that the poet found the woodcutter happily from the Woods "across the water" Since there is a "woodcutter", it is not difficult to imagine that there must be a "human place" in a place not too far away, so it is not difficult to imagine where to stay.

Generally speaking, the main feature and advantage of this poem is that it is good at "seeking perfection with incompleteness", thus receiving the artistic effects of "more with less" and "meaning is more than image".

Wang Wei was hidden in Zhongnanshan in the twenty-ninth year of Kaiyuan, and this article was written about this time. This is a famous poem in Wang Wei's landscape poems. The magnificent momentum and ever-changing charm of poetry writing in Zhongnanshan show a feeling of seclusion. "A Mirror of Tang Poetry": "'and weather into many valleys' is a wonderful word". "Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty" quoted jade as a cover saying: "The word' nothing to see' is fascinating". Annotations on Samadhi Collection of Tang Xian: "None of the 40 words can be changed. In the past, there were so-called forty sages."

TTGTTG

Zhongnanshan: According to the "Three Qin Ji", "The Qinling Mountains start from Shangluo in the east and end in Pailong in the west, which is 800 miles from east to west". The Qinling Mountains run through the south of Shaanxi, with the eastern end extending to Shaanxi County, Henan Province, and the western end extending to Tianshui County, Gansu Province. The main peak is in the south of Xi 'an today.