Bergamot is a perennial crop of 1 year, with lush plants, strong and developed roots and large nodules. The stem is round and branched. The main stem is more than 20 meters long and there are tendrils in the axils of leaves. Leaves dark green, palmately lobed, 5-7 lobed. Papaya is a monoecious dioecious plant, with pale yellow flowers, infinite inflorescences of male flowers and sun vines as fruits. The pistil of bergamot can develop into fruit (parthenocarpy) without insect or butterfly pollination, and the sun vine bears fruit one after another. Generally, the weight of a single fruit is 200~350 g, and the melon skin is green, smooth, hairless and waxy. Melon crack 7~ 10, melon seed 1, oblate. When the melon is ripe, the seeds can germinate, and there are two thick cotyledons in the melon, with tender buds and straight leaves sticking out. Melons and fruits begin to bear fruit about 3 months after emergence, and it takes about 20 days for each single fruit to blossom and harvest. Sow in spring and harvest in autumn. The rattan leaves of 1~2 years grow vigorously and are in the full fruit stage. The yield per plant can reach 200~300 kg, equivalent to 75,000 kg /hm2, and the output value is 52 500 yuan/hm2, which has remarkable economic benefits. The whole growth period is 8 months, and the melon period is about 4 months, so it should be picked by stages. ?
1.2 ecological characteristics papaya has the characteristics of liking light, cool, wet and fat. Emergence after frost in spring (daily average temperature 8~ 12℃) is the most suitable result. When the daily average temperature is lower than 1℃, vines and melons are frozen.
Being fond of light is one of the characteristics of bergamot. The yield is high with sufficient light, but in the hot summer sun and strong light, the leaf area is large and the transpiration coefficient is high, so it is difficult to bear fruit only by growing vines. Most of them bear fruit after autumn. If the air humidity is high, sufficient soil moisture is conducive to flowering and fruiting. If the air is dry, the soil moisture is insufficient, the roots are difficult to absorb water, and the leaves are wilting, it is difficult to bear fruit. Even after flowering, the small melons will turn yellow and fall off, or the melons will grow deformed because of drought, and the vines will die when the drought is severe. Because the vines and leaves of Chaenomeles grow vigorously, it is suitable for planting in fertile soil with deep soil layer.
2 cultivation techniques?
2. 1 Choose the hillside, stream and ditch with sunny ventilation, convenient irrigation and drainage, loose soil, deep soil layer and rich moisture, which is beneficial to the growth of bergamot, making full use of land, improving land utilization rate and facilitating management. The bergamot has a well-developed root system, and it can only be differentiated and preserved by ploughing in autumn and spring with a depth of 30 cm. ?
2.2 Reasonable field density and close planting are effective measures to increase papaya yield. The row spacing of papaya is 5 m×6.6 m, and the nutrient area of each plant is 33 m2. Open hole planting, planting 300 plants /hm2, laying the foundation for high yield. ?
2.3 shed bergamot likes ventilation and light transmission, so it must be planted in shed. Guapeng requires 1.5~2.0 m high, firm, spacious and good water permeability. When the seedlings grow to 30~40 cm, it is necessary to lead vines to the shelves to meet the needs of long vines and competing for flowers and fruits. ?
2.4 Fertilized papaya root system is developed, widely distributed, and likes to fertilize water. To apply sufficient manure, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, plant ash. Before sowing, the amount of base fertilizer applied into the hole should account for 40% of the total fertilizer application. In the growing period, less fertilizer is needed in the early stage, and more fertilizer and water are needed in the flowering and fruiting period. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be mixed with fine soil, and holes should be opened 30 cm away from the melon head to protect flowers and fruits. P and K fertilizers should be supplemented at the second flowering stage and applied in the open-loop ditch 60 cm away from the plant to promote the later growth. According to the field records, the yield is 75000kg/hm2, and K2O 257.25 kg/hm2 is needed. The suitable fertilizer ratio is N∶P∶K= 1∶0.56∶2. ?
2.5 Water Management Papaya has long vines and large leaf area. In June and July, the temperature is high, evaporation is fast, and water demand is large. When the soil is dry, water it in time to prevent the vines from dying. After the fruit is harvested, it should be picked when it is ripe to ensure production and increase income. ?
2.6 There are two breeding methods of bergamot: one is melon breeding, and the other is asexual propagation of branches and vines. ?
2.6. 1 melon propagation. When planting melons for seedling transplanting or direct picking and breeding, when planting seedlings in late winter and early spring, be sure to cover the fertilizer and keep warm to prevent rotten seeds. Adjust the seedbed, plant melon seeds at a spacing of 6-8 cm, with stems facing down and buds facing up, cover with soil for 4-6 cm, and cover with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The temperature of seedbed should be controlled at 15~20℃, and melon seeds should be transplanted and planted when there is no frost in the vernal equinox next year. The live broadcast takes place around the vernal equinox. Dig 50 cm square melon holes according to the spacing between rows in the field, apply sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer, and then pad 1 layer of fine soil for sowing. Put the melon bud up, put your hand down, cover it with 5 cm of soil, and cover it with some weeds to keep warm, water and moisturize. ? 2.6.2 Grape propagation techniques. After the old stems germinated or the newly planted vines grew, cuttings with lateral vines (with roots) 35-50 cm long underground were taken, and the insertion depth was 25 cm, and 3-4 strong seedlings were planted on the shelf. ? Planting prospect of bergamot
Papaya originated in Mexico and the West Indies, also known as "Falcon Melon", which belongs to a rare vegetable variety of Cucurbitaceae and is cultivated in Yunnan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces in China. Bergamot has a unique shape, crisp, juicy and refreshing, rich in dietary fiber and less pests and diseases. No need to peel when eating, fresh and juicy, fragrant and delicious; After cooking, it can be made into high-grade vegetables such as longevity soup and sliced meat, and can also be cold mixed with various pickles for pickling. Bergamot mainly eats tender melons, but its tender bamboo shoots are also excellent vegetables, which can be fried or cold, and can be used as a side dish of hot pot, with a light and crisp taste. Papaya contains a variety of vitamins and minerals needed by the human body, which is several times or even ten times higher than other vegetables. It has the function of clearing away heat and toxic materials, and has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on epigastric pain, dyspepsia, hepatitis, leucorrhea, phlegm cough, sores and swelling, and is also a good vegetable suitable for summer consumption. Eating bergamot regularly can induce diuresis and excrete sodium, which can dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Because of its high yield, good price and simple planting, it is an effective way to increase farmers' income. If fingered citron is planted on the roof, it can shelter from the rain and can also be used as a landscape.