Management knowledge is examined in many exams in some provinces, cities and institutions. The examination methods are mainly some comprehensible questions, among which, for all kinds of? Effect? Examination is the key and difficult point. Students need to know and remember more cases in peacetime, so as to be more handy in the exam, score this sub-topic smoothly and achieve ideal results.
1. Butterfly effect
The most common explanation for the butterfly effect is that in the tropical rain forest of the Amazon river basin in South America, a butterfly can trigger a tornado in Texas within two weeks with an occasional flap of its wings. The reason is that the movement of butterfly flapping its wings causes changes in the surrounding air system, resulting in weak airflow, which in turn causes corresponding changes in the surrounding air or other systems, causing a chain reaction and eventually leading to great changes in other systems. Are you sure? Butterfly effect? It is mainly about the metaphor of chaos, and it is also the real reaction of the butterfly effect. Often refers to a small action, but it can cause a series of huge reactions.
2. Catfish effect
Catfish effect comes from a story. Norwegians like to eat sardines. Fishermen tried their best to get sardines to the fishing port alive, but a large number of sardines died of suffocation during transportation. However, a fishing boat always brought sardines back to the fishing port alive until the captain died, and the mystery was solved. It turned out that the old captain deliberately put a few catfish in the sardine trough and let them swim around. Sardines are very nervous, rushing around, avoiding everywhere, speeding up swimming, thus obtaining a lot of oxygen, thus prolonging their survival time. ? Catfish effect? The essence of motivation is the spirit of motivation, through which the factors of progress are generated. ? Catfish effect? Its role is to mobilize the positive factors of members, effectively activate the enthusiasm and passion of employees, and let employees show their vitality under the stimulus, so as to better serve the development of enterprises.
3. Matthew effect
Matthew effect refers to the phenomenon that the stronger the strong, the weaker the weak, which is widely used in social psychology, education, finance, science and other fields. Matthew effect, a term commonly used by sociologists and economists, reflects a polarized social phenomenon at two levels: the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The name comes from the Bible, the New Testament? A fable in Matthew:? If there is anything, double it and say it is redundant; No, even what he's taking away? . ? Matthew effect? With what? The way to balance? On the contrary; With what? Law of 28? Similarity is a very important natural law.
4. The 28 rule
The "28" rule was discovered by the Italian economist Valledo at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. When he made a statistical analysis of the wealth and income of all social classes in Britain in the19th century, he found that 80% of social wealth was concentrated in the hands of 20% people, while 80% people only owned 20% of social wealth. Article 28? This reflects an imbalance. It points out that there is a typical imbalance between cause and effect, input and output, effort and return: 80% of achievements are attributed to 20% of efforts; 80% products in the market may be produced by 20% enterprises; 20% customers may bring 80% profits to the enterprise. Follow? Article 28? In business management, some enterprises can often seize a few key customers, accurately locate and strengthen services, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort. ? Article 28? The same principle applies to our life, for example, one should choose to pursue Excellence in several things, instead of demanding good performance in everything and locking in a few achievable goals in life, instead of pursuing all opportunities.
5. Parkinson's law
Parkinson's law can also be called? Tissue paralysis? Or? Big business disease? . It was written by English historian and political scientist Cyril? Northgood? Parkinson put forward it in 1958. Parkinson came to the conclusion that in administrative management, the number of administrative agencies will increase like a pyramid, and the number of administrative staff will expand. Everyone is busy, but the organizational efficiency is getting lower and lower. This rule is also called? The pyramid rises? Phenomenon. Parkinson expounded the causes and consequences of the expansion of institutional personnel. An incompetent official may have three outlets. The first is to apply for resignation and give the position to someone who has the ability. The second is to let a capable person help him with his work; The third is to appoint two people lower than themselves as assistants. This first road is absolutely impassable, which is tantamount to suicide; You can't go the second way, because that capable person will become your opponent; It seems that only the third way is the most suitable. So, two mediocre assistants shared his work, and he gave orders from above. Two incompetent assistants are effective, and then find yourself two incompetent assistants. By analogy, a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling and inefficient leadership system has been formed. This law not only appears in officialdom, but also can be seen in many organizations.
6. Halo effect
Halo effect, also known as halo effect, is a factor that affects interpersonal perception. The quality or characteristics of this strong perception of love me, love my dog, just like the halo of the moon, pervades around, so people call this psychological effect halo effect vividly. Contrary to the halo effect, it is the devil effect, that is, it has a bad impression on a certain quality of a person or a certain characteristic of an article, which will make people underestimate other qualities of this person or other characteristics of this article. Celebrity effect is a typical halo effect. It is not difficult to find that the promotion methods of enterprise products are mostly to find well-known singers and movie stars to shoot advertisements, and it is rare to see those little people who are not well-known, because the products launched by stars are more likely to be recognized by everyone. If an enterprise wants its products to be known and accepted by the public, a shortcut is to attach its image or products to celebrities and let celebrities promote the company. So, you can use celebrity's? Fame helps enterprises gather more popularity, so that when people think of the company's products, they think of celebrities associated with them, thus increasing the popularity and sales of products.
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