Also known as "gin" or "gin", it is the first kind of spirits made by human beings for special purposes. Kim's hometown is in Holland. It originated from 1660 and was first invented by a Dutch university professor, Silviu. Its purpose is to prevent the Dutch from contracting tropical diseases. Originally used as diuretic and antipyretic. It didn't take long for people to find that this diuretic had a harmonious aroma, a harmonious taste, a mellow Wen Ya, a clean wine body and a clean and refreshing style, and was soon drunk as a formal alcoholic beverage. The pleasant aroma of gin mainly comes from juniper with diuretic effect. There are many ways to add juniper. Usually wrapped in gauze and hung at the outlet of the distiller. When steaming wine, its flavor will be strung in the wine, or juniper will be soaked in absolutely neutral alcohol, and then refluxed, and then steamed one week later to make its flavor strung in the wine. Sometimes, juniper can be crushed into small pieces, added to brewing materials, saccharified, fermented and distilled to get its taste. Some countries and wineries will cooperate with other spices to brew gin, such as coriander, cardamom, licorice and orange peel. The exact formula has always been kept secret by the manufacturer.
Later, it was introduced to the United States and widely used to make cocktails. At present, gin is mainly made of grain, which is saccharified, fermented and distilled into high alcohol. Then gin, lemon peel, cinnamon and other raw materials are added, and then distilled again to form gin.
2.vodka
Legend has it that in 18 12, a Russian-French war was launched on the stage of Russian winter, which ended with the French army at the bottom of brandy bottle losing to the Russian army with endless vodka.
18 18, pierre smirnoff fils winery was built in Moscow, 19 17, after the October Revolution, it was still a family-owned enterprise. 1930, the recipe of vodka was brought to America and made in America. Vodka is the national wine of Russia and Poland, and it is a very popular strong drink in the cold countries of northern Europe. Vodka is another name for water in the former Soviet Union.
3.tequila wine
Tequila is a kind of heart (PI & amp； Ntildea, but from a botanical point of view, it is an alcoholic beverage made from the stem of this plant.
4.sherry
Sherry is produced in Lucia, Amda, in the southwest of Spain. The soil and climate here create the unique style of sherry. The taste is sweet, and the alcohol concentration is 7%-20%. Its brewing method is: put it in oak barrels, expose it to the sun for 3 months, then put it away and freeze it. First, dry the raw grapes in the sun until the water content decreases and the sugar content increases before juicing. At the same time, in order to improve the sour taste, a little gypsum will be added for fermentation, then put into a barrel for secondary fermentation, and finally brandy will be added to increase the alcohol concentration. Sherry is usually divided into two categories. One is fino, which is a good aperitif and has no sweetness. The other is oloroso, which is very sweet and is usually used as an after-dinner wine. Sherry varies in color from transparent to dark yellow and brown. The sweetness of sherry is different because of the different timing of adding brandy in the fermentation process. The earlier it is added, the sweeter it is, and the later it is added, the less sweet it is. The alcohol concentration varies with the amount of brandy added. Sherry has a special storage method called solera system, which stacks wooden barrels into a pyramid shape, with the oldest sherry on the bottom and the second oldest on the second floor. According to this method, the younger the wine, the more it is placed on it. When the wine is taken out of the bottom barrel, the wine in the upper barrel flows down in turn. So sherry is stored in solera system, and young wine is mixed with old wine.
5.absinthe
Absinthe is a kind of fennel-flavored distilled liquor with high alcohol content. The main raw material is wormwood (that is, wormwood), and the liquid medicine is green, which becomes turbid milky white after adding water. This wine has rich aroma, light and bitter taste, and the alcohol content is as high as 68%.
6. calvados.
This is a brandy made of apples, and it is a special wine in Normandy, France. This does not mean that all calvados produced here can be called calvados. Because places like cognac, according to the strict provisions of the a.o.c law, have various places of origin and production methods. As for those outside the regulations, they can only be called cider. This place is a cold place, which is not suitable for Portugal to grow grapes, but the cultivation of apples began in the sixteenth century, and it was in the era of Henry IV at the end of the sixteenth century that apples were used to make brandy.
7. Kiir
Kiel wine (English name kirs) is a classic blend of white wine or champagne and blackcurrant at the ratio of 5: 1. It is a kind of red wine with dark color, but it has a very mellow taste and rich connotation. French aperitif.
8. Chianti red wine
The world-famous Chianti wine, red wine. Chianti wine has a history of hundreds of years. It is said that a baron in the19th century suddenly thought of mixing several kinds of grapes here and invented the world-famous red wine. Let the mountain area become a romantic wine country.
9. Cohen
Cohen wine is a colorless white wine brewed from grains in Germany. The raw materials are generally wheat, rye or barley. After the grain is crushed, it is fermented with yeast and water and distilled repeatedly. It is also called kornbrand, and korn after twice distillation is called doppelkorn.
10. pisco
Grape is fermented and distilled, which is the distilled liquor produced by bellu and chilly. The color is very light and the alcohol content is about 40%. Mainly as an aperitif. The name "pisco" seems to come from the name of South American aborigines.
1 1. Martini
Martini is a very famous cocktail. Among all cocktails, martinis have the most styles, with more than 200 kinds. Martini is decorated with 3/2oz "gin" and 1/2oz "bitter vermouth", with an olive or a slice of lemon peel, which tastes sharp and profound.
12. rye whisky (rye)
Rye whisky is made from rye. Produced in the United States; The history of brewing is earlier than Apollo. The main producing areas are Pennsylvania and Maryland. Its raw material must be 5 1% rye, and the rest is corn and wheat. Liquor is amber, and its taste is different from bourbon, so it has a strong taste, so it is not very popular with modern people.
13. bourbon
Bourbon is the place name of Kentucky, so Bourbon is also called Kentucky Direct Bourbon. It is fermented and distilled from 565,438+0-75% corn kernels, aged for 4-8 years in new white oak barrels baked on the inner wall, with amber color, rich original flavor, mellow and soft taste, long aftertaste and high alcohol content. According to the American wine law, this name can be used as long as the product meets the following three conditions: first, corn accounts for at least 51%of the raw materials for brewing; Second, the degree of distilled liquor should be in the range of 40~80 degrees; Thirdly, it is stored in new carbonized oak barrels with an alcohol content of 40~ 62.5 degrees, and the storage period is more than 2 years. So Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Missouri also produce bourbon, but only those produced in Kentucky can be called Kentucky pure bourbon. The raw material is 5 1% corn. After twice distillation, the alcohol content is between 40% and 60%.
14. Irish whiskey
Organizer who appeared in m 13.
Irish monks learned how to distill beer and wine during their pilgrimage to Mediterranean countries in the12nd century. Although distillation was initially limited to medicine, it did not stop its "entertainment" function. The knowledge of distillation mastered by these monks forms the same basis of Irish and Scottish whiskies. In the 18th century, Irish aristocracy actually preferred French cognac, while Irish whisky was considered as a low-grade thing. But soon, Irish whiskey was given such a difference between urban and rural areas.