Famous buildings in the United States, as well as France, India, Italy, Australia, and China

Famous buildings in the United States

Golden Gate Bridge

Brooklyn Bridge

Statue of Liberty

Rockefeller Center

Arch of St. Louis

Pentagon

Space Needle Tower in Seattle

United Nations Building

Famous French Architecture

Attractions: The Paris Arc de Triomphe (L'arc de Triomphe) is located in the center of the Place de l'Etoile (now known as Place de Gaulle) in the center of Paris. It is a French memorial to Napoleon's victory in the Battle of Austerlitz in February 1806. Built to defeat the Russian and Austrian allied forces, the 12 streets are centered on the Arc de Triomphe and radiate to the surroundings. They are majestic and look like stars. The project was designed by architect Charles Gran. The foundation stone was laid in August 1806. It took 30 summers and cold days and was completed in July 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is 49.54 meters high, 44.82 meters wide and 22.21 meters thick. It has doors on all sides, the central arch is 14.6 meters wide, the gate tower is supported by two high piers, and there is an elevator in the middle. There are three levels of corridors above the arched dome. The highest level is the exhibition room, which displays various historical relics about the Arc de Triomphe and pictures of Napoleon's life and deeds; the second level contains various French medals and medals; the lowest level is the exhibition room. The first floor is the security office and accounting office of the Arc de Triomphe. Gallery: The gorgeous movement of France

The Eiffel Tower is located on the south bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris. It is the world's first steel structure tower and is regarded as a symbol of Paris. It is named after the design and construction by the famous French architect Staffe Eiffel. Built in 1887-1889. The tower is more than 300 meters high and weighs 9,000 tons. It is divided into three floors. The first-floor platform is 57 meters above the ground and houses shops and restaurants; the second-floor platform is 115 meters high and houses a cafe; the third-floor platform is 276 meters high for visitors to overlook. The bottom area is 10,000 square meters. The building structure on the first floor suddenly shrank, pointing straight into the sky. Viewed from one side, it looks like the letter "Y" written upside down. The tower is composed of more than 18,000 components and more than 2.5 million rivets. There is an elevator or hiking to the top of the tower. At night, the top of the tower emits rotating colored searchlights to prevent aircraft collisions. A rectangular white marble column is erected next to the tower, with a gilded head of Staff Eiffel placed on the top of the column.

The Louvre (Palais du Louvre) is one of the largest palace buildings in France. It is located on the right bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris and on the south side of the Paris Opera Square. It was originally a medieval castle. It was rebuilt and expanded many times after the 16th century, and reached its current size in the 18th century. It covers an area of ??approximately 45 hectares. As early as 1546, French King Francois I decided to build a new palace on the basis of the original castle. Since then, nine monarchs have continued to expand it, which lasted more than 300 years, forming a magnificent and splendid U-shaped palace complex. On August 10, 1793, on the anniversary of the overthrow of the monarchy, the French "National Convention" decided to turn the former royal palace into the National Museum of Fine Arts; on November 18 of the same year, the Louvre Museum was officially opened to the public. All its construction was completed in 1857. On the west side of the Louvre's zigzag-shaped main hall, two side halls stretch out, and the open space in the middle forms the Carrousel Square. There are long colonnades on the east side of the palace, and the building is majestic and majestic. Its galleries are 900 feet long and contain a large collection of works by many artists from the 17th century and the European Renaissance. The collection contains 400,000 items. The Louvre Museum of Fine Arts is divided into six major parts: the Greek and Roman Art Gallery; the Oriental Art Gallery; the Egyptian Art Gallery; the European Medieval, Renaissance and Modern Statue Gallery; and the Painting Gallery of the Past Dynasties. The exhibition is divided into different schools, schools and eras. The first floor exhibits sculptures. The second layer is oil painting, and the third layer is sketch and pastel painting. In the early 1980s, the French government implemented the "Grand Louvre Plan" to expand and repair the Louvre.

Notre-Dame de Paris is the most famous medieval Gothic cathedral, famous for its size, age and archaeological and architectural value.

The Bishop of Paris, Maurice Desullie, once envisioned combining two earlier basilica (rectangular) churches into one large church. The foundation stone was laid by Pope Alexander III in 1163, the high altar was dedicated in 1189, and hymns were sung in 1240. The banquet, west facade and nave were completed, and the portico, prayer room and other decorations were built over the next hundred years. The internal plane is 130×48 meters, the roof is 35 meters high, and the tower is 68 meters high. The tower's spire was never built. The church had to be rebuilt in the 19th century after being damaged over the years. Only three huge rose windows still retain the stained glass from the 13th century. The flying buttresses in the back hall are particularly powerful and beautiful.

The Place de la Bastille (Place de la Bastille) is located in the east of Paris on the right bank of the Seine River. It was a military fortress built from 1369 to 1382 AD. The original meaning of the word "Bastille" in French is "castle". This ancient castle has eight towering and solid forts, which were originally built to resist British invasion. From 1380 to 1422, the castle was converted into a royal prison. The entire castle covers an area of ??2,670 square meters. It is surrounded by a high and thick stone wall and eight towers more than 30 meters high. A deep ditch 24 meters wide is dug around it, and a suspension bridge is set up to enter and exit. As early as the 16th century, political prisoners began to be imprisoned here, and the French Enlightenment thinker Voltaire was imprisoned here twice. In the minds of the French people, the Bastille has become a symbol of French feudal autocratic rule. On July 3, 1789, the people of Paris rose up in uprising. On the 14th, they captured the Bastille, marking the beginning of the French Revolution. In 1791, the people of Paris demolished the Bastille, built the Place de la Bastille on its old site, and spread the demolished stones on the Pont de la Concorde on the Seine River for passers-by to trample on. In 1830, the French people built a monument to the martyrs of the July Revolution in the center of the square. This martyrs monument is 52 meters high. The body of the monument is a cylinder made of bronze, known as the "July Column". At the top of the column is a golden-winged Statue of Liberty holding a torch in its right hand. The statue is holding a broken chain in its left hand as a symbol. Got free. There was a sign in front of the prison site that read: "Let's dance here!" In June 1880, France designated July 14, the day when the people of Paris captured the Bastille, as France's National Day.

The Pantheon (le Pantheon) is located in the Latin Quarter on the left bank of the Seine in the center of Paris. It was built in 1791 and is a temple that permanently commemorates French historical figures. It was originally the Saint-Genevieve Church built in the Louis XV era. After it was nationalized and separated from religion in 1791, it was turned into a cemetery for the burial of "great men". Between 1814 and 1830, it was returned to the church. The art decoration in the Pantheon is very beautiful, and the large mural on the dome was created by the famous painter Antoine Grote. After the "July Revolution" in 1830, the theme of the painting changed, and the Pantheon took on a "purely patriotic and national" character. Voltaire, Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Emile Zola, Marceline Bertolo, Jean Jaures, Berlioz, Malraux and Alexandre Dumas are buried in the Pantheon. As of November 2002, there are 70 people who have made extraordinary contributions to France.

The Center National d'art et de Culture Georges Pompidou (Centre National d'art et de Culture Georges Pompidou) is located on the north side of the Latin Quarter in Paris, on Avenue Beaubourg on the right bank of the Seine. It is often referred to by locals as "Boburg". The exterior of the cultural center is lined with steel frames and pipes, and is painted in red, yellow, blue, green, white and other colors according to different functions. Because this modern building looks very much like a factory, it is also known as the "Oil Refinery" and the "Cultural Factory". This modern building with novel design and unique shape was decided to build by the late President Pompidou in 1969. Construction officially started in 1972 and was completed in 1977. It opened in February of the same year. The entire building covers an area of ??7,500 square meters, with a construction area of ??100,000 square meters and 6 floors above ground. The entire building is divided into four parts: the Industrial Creation Center, the Public Knowledge Library, the Modern Art Museum, and the Music and Sound Harmony and Research Center.

gt;gt;gt;

Place de la Concorde in Paris is located in the center of Paris and on the north bank of the Seine River. It is the most famous square in France and one of the most beautiful squares in the world. The square was built in 1757 according to the design of the famous architect Cabriel. Because there was an equestrian statue of Louis XV in the center of the square, it was named "Louis XV Square" in 1763. During the Great Revolution, it was renamed "Revolution Square". In 1795, it was renamed "Place de la Concorde". Later, the famous architect Hitofer presided over the renovation, and finally formed its current scale in 1840. In the center of the square stands a 23-meter-high Egyptian obelisk with a history of more than 3,400 years. This is a famous cultural relic moved by Louis-Philippe from Luxor, Egypt in 1831. The ancient text on the obelisk records that Pharaoh Ramses II deeds. There is a fountain on each side of the stone monument. The exquisite carvings in the pool are also the work of Hitover. Eight statues are placed around the square, symbolizing eight cities that have played an important role in French history: Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Rouen, Brest, Lille and Strasbourg. During the Revolution of 1793, the people of Paris rose up and destroyed the bronze statue of Louis XV and sent Louis XVI to the guillotine.

Ave des Champs-Elysees (Ave des Champs-Elysees) runs from Place de la Concorde in the east to Place de l'Etoile in the west, with a total length of about 1,800 meters. The widest part of the street is about 120 meters. It is the most distinctive street across Paris. , one of the busiest streets. In French, "Champs Elysees" means "idyllic paradise". In the past, this was a low-lying, damp clearing. During the reign of Louis XIV in the 17th century, trees were planted here, making it a restricted area exclusively for the pleasure of the court nobles. Later, the east-west axis of Tullery Park was extended westward, and a nearly 1-kilometer-long boulevard was built here. Will be expanded later. It was only named Champs Elysées in 1709. The street is bounded by Lumbuvan Street running from north to south, and is divided into east and west sections with different styles. The quiet eastern section embodies the pastoral scenery, about 700 meters long, with rows of green parasol trees, and the garden in the middle of the street disappears and appears among thousands of trees. In the center of the star-shaped square at the east end is the majestic and famous Arc de Triomphe. Near the main street are the Bourbon Palace and the Madeleine Cathedral. There are also places of interest such as Tullery Park, Louvre Museum, City Hall and Elysée Palace. The western section is more than 1,100 meters long, and the Place de la Concorde at the western end is another traffic hub in Paris. Some of France's major festivals - the National Day military parade on July 14 and the New Year's party are all held on this famous street.

Famous buildings in India

Only the Taj Mahal

Famous buildings in Italy

1. The Roman Arena. This huge amphitheater is called the Teatro Flavio because it was built by several emperors of the Flavio family. Usually, people call it Colosse. This is a magnificent building built on a concave ground. In Nero's time, this depression was an artificial lake in the gardens of Nero's Golden Palace. Construction of the Coliseum was started between 72 and 75 AD by Emperor Vespasiano and completed by Emperor Tito in 80 AD. Tradition says that 40,000 slaves were used to build the building, part of the 100,000 captives that Emperor Tito brought back to Rome in 70 AD after destroying Jerusalem. The Colosseum has been and remains a symbol of Rome since its birth. Even today, standing on the remains of the Great Colosseum, it seems that you can still hear the earth-shaking shouts of the crazy spectators two thousand years ago. This majestic arena, built in 80 BC, is a model of public architecture. Here you can see one of the most basic structures and greatest achievements of ancient Roman architecture: the arch structure. A series of arches, arches and well-arranged elliptical building elements make the building extremely strong. The architecture at that time relied on this high-level structural form to liberate the internal space. The arena is designed with spacious stairs and corridors, and 80 arches. The entrance of each arch is marked with a number to allow spectators to quickly find their seats. It can accommodate 50,000 people in ten minutes. Enter the theater and sit down.

This kind of design is considered very progressive even today. The functional design of the arena is also very reasonable. There is a clear distribution of where the gladiators enter and exit, where they rest, where the beasts are kept, and where the dead and wounded are carried out. The arena was used for gladiatorial games and beast fighting until 608 AD, and was converted into a castle in the Middle Ages. It was later partially destroyed and used as a site for excavating building materials to build churches and palaces. This destruction continued for several centuries, and it was not until the 19th century that it was stopped and restoration began.

2. The Arch of Constantine. On the west side of the arena is the most complete triumphal arch preserved in Rome - the Arch of Constantine. It was built in AD 315 as a memorial to the citizens and Senate of the time for the Mirbio Bridge (across the platform) in Rome to commemorate Constantine the Great. (Bo River) was built after defeating Maxius. The Arc de Triomphe is formed by three arches, with reliefs on its surface depicting scenes of Antony and other emperors defeating and winning battles. There used to be a conical fountain on the north side, which was the turning point for ancient Roman equestrian and chariot competitions.

3. Pantheon. It is the only fully preserved building from the Roman Empire. After eighteen centuries of vicissitudes, the copper doors and arched roofs remain intact. The Pantheon is the temple where the gods reside and was built in 25 BC. Later, it was rebuilt around 120 AD. Over the centuries, the Pantheon has undergone historical changes: it became a Christian church in 609 AD and became a fortress in the Middle Ages. This building with a strong and harmonious structure stands tall and tall. The colonnade outside the temple reminds people of Greek temples and Roman classical rotundas. The Pantheon was also the first Roman building to emphasize interior decoration over exterior styling. The two bronze doors at the entrance of the temple are the original ones that still exist today. They are 7 meters high, wide and thick, and were the largest bronze doors in the world at that time. The interior proportions of the palace are well-coordinated and very appropriate: the diameter is equal to the height, about forty-three meters. The base of the great dome begins halfway up the total height. The circular curve on the top of the temple continues to extend downward, forming a complete sphere connected to the ground. Since the arches bear the overall weight, there are no pillars in the entire store. There is a skylight with a diameter of 9 meters on the dome. The light from here shines on the mosaic floor, giving it a solemn atmosphere and at the same time it has a practical function of timing. It shows the profound architectural knowledge and profound calculation methods of the architects of ancient Rome. It is a model of the exquisite architectural technology of ancient Rome and a miracle in the history of architecture. Many famous artists such as Raphael are buried here, as are the rulers of Italy's absolute monarchy.

4. Wishing Fountain. Inspired by the movie "Roman Holiday", the Trevi Fountain is the largest and most famous fountain in Rome. The Trevi Fountain is a masterpiece of the eighteenth-century architect Salvais. The fountain is located at the intersection of three streets. This majestic fountain sculpture tells the story of Poseidon. The background building is a Poseidon Palace, with Poseidon standing in the middle. On both sides are the water gods, and above the Poseidon Palace stand four girls, representing the four seasons. The Trevi Fountain was completed in 1762, so it is the younger of the Roman fountains.

5. Piazza Venezia. The Circus in the center of Rome. The front of this square is a white marble neoclassical building nicknamed "Wedding Cake" and "Typewriter": the Victor Emmanuel II Memorial Hall. The memorial hall built to celebrate the unification of Italy in 1870 took 25 years to complete. The curved facade formed by 16 columns is its most exciting part. The two sets of fountains under the steps have profound meanings: the one on the right symbolizes the Tyrrhenian Sea, the one on the left symbolizes the Adriatic Sea, and the equestrian figure in the center completes Italy. Victor Emmanuel II, who unified the cause. There are two huge bronze statues on the building. The right one represents "Victory of Love for the Motherland" and the left one represents "Victory of Labor". No matter the sun or rain, there are always two soldiers guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier here motionless.

6. St. Peter's Church. In St. Peter's Square in Vatican City, what comes into view is St. Peter's Church surrounded by four magnificent and exquisite colonnades. The Memorial Square opposite is large in scale and attracts tourists from all over the world. St. Peter's Church is 136 meters high and covers an area of ??22,000 square meters. It is a symbol of Christianity.

The turret designed by Michelangelo has a diameter of 42 meters, and there are about 330 steps to the top of the tower. From the top of the tower, you can overlook the entire St. Peter's Square, and you can also have a panoramic view of the unforgettable Roman scenery. Most of the artworks collected in the Vatican Museums are paintings. They have a long history and are numerous, including treasures of artworks from ancient times to the present. Because it was raining heavily at that time, the camera was soaked in rainwater and only part of it was captured.

7. Leaning Tower of Pisa. Located on the right side behind the Romanesque cathedral, it is the symbol of the city of Pisa. The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy, was built by the famous architect Nano Pisano. Construction started in 1174 and was completed in 1350. It is an 8-story cylindrical building, all made of white marble. The tower is 54.5 meters high. The bottom of the tower wall is about 4 meters thick, and the top is about 2 meters thick. The tower body The total weight reaches 14,200 tons. At the beginning, the tower height was designed to be about 100 meters, but five or six years after the start of construction, the tower began to tilt from the third floor and continued to tilt until completion. Before it was closed, the top of the tower had tilted south (that is, the top of the tower deviated from the vertical line )3.5 meters. Every stone brick used to build the tower is a fine piece of stone carving. The adhesion between stone bricks is extremely ingenious, which effectively prevents fractures caused by the tilt of the tower and becomes a factor in the leaning tower without falling. A miracle in the history of world architecture, the Leaning Tower of Pisa is famous far and wide. There are 15 columns on the bottom floor, 31 columns on each of the six middle floors, and 12 columns on the top floor. These circular stone columns form eight layers of 213 arched doors from bottom to top. The entire building has a simple yet clever shape, and is a model of Romanesque architectural art. The clock is placed on the top floor of the leaning tower. There are 294 spiral steps in the tower. Visitors can climb to the top of the tower or the corridors on each floor to have a panoramic view of Pisa city scenery. In 1987, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy, was included in the World Cultural Heritage List together with the nearby cathedral and other buildings. In 1990, the Italian government closed it and began renovations. Now the top of the tower is open to tourists on a regular basis.

8. Water city Venice. In northeastern Italy, with a population of 350,000, it is shaped like a dolphin and covers only 3 square miles, but is composed of 118 islands with 177 rivers, 2,300 alleys, and 400 bridges; there are more than 400 palaces and 120 churches. , 120 bell towers, 64 monasteries; most of the city is built on millions of wooden piles driven into the bottom of the lagoon; the simple square red brick tower is nearly 100 meters high and is the tallest building in Venice. It was built at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th century, and collapsed in July 1902. The current building was rebuilt in 1912. On the right side of the clock tower is a magnificent and famous building, the Doge's Palace of Venice, which was originally built in the 9th century. The Byzantine building was damaged by fire. The current building was built in the 15th century. Its beautiful and simple combination of double-layer arcades and the same pattern of rose windows on the upper floor are all made of white marble and are used in Gothic architectural style. An excellent example of non-Church architecture.

9. Venice is a world-famous water town. The entire city is built on the water. It is the only city in the world without cars. The gorgeous and confusing atmosphere on the "gondola" is the eternal dream of tourists around the world.

10. Piazza San Marco, Venice. St. Mark's Square is trapezoidal, more than 170 meters long from east to west, 80 meters wide on the east side, and 55 meters wide on the west side; there is St. Mark's Cathedral and the Great Bell Tower at the east end. St. Mark's Basilica is the pride of Venice. It is one of the most prestigious cathedrals in the Christian world and was the starting point of the Fourth Crusade. St. Mark's Basilica was built in 829 and rebuilt from 1043 to 1071. It was once the largest church in Europe in the Middle Ages, a classic of Venetian architectural art, and a symbol of Eastern Byzantine art, ancient Roman art, medieval Gothic art and Renaissance art is a combination of various artistic styles. It is harmoniously combined and harmoniously combined. It is extremely beautiful and unparalleled. The cathedral has five large round roofs, which are typical Eastern Byzantine art, but it is dedicated to a Western saint. This alone is unique. Secondly, there are 400 marble pillars inside and outside the cathedral, and a mosaic covering an area of ??4,000 square meters inside and outside. Thousands of people come from all over the world to admire the cathedral every day. Take the elevator to the white marble corridor at the top of the Bell Tower, where you can see St. Mark's Square up close and the Adriatic Gulf in the distance.

11.

Bridge of Sighs in Venice. There is a very famous Bridge of Sighs that connects the Governor's Palace and the dungeon next to it. In the past, after the prisoners were tried in the Governor's Palace, the felons were taken to the dungeon, and they may never see the world again, so when passing this airtight bridge , sighing involuntarily. This bridge was built in 1600 and is one of the must-visit attractions in Venice.

12. Giotto's Campanile and Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral in Florence. Giotto's Bell Tower, towering into the sky, is a masterpiece by the talented Italian artist Giotto, the father of European painting. The bell tower is 84.7 meters high and is also made of red, white and green marble. The entire shape is slender and elegant. There are many breathtakingly exquisite sculptures inside. You can reach the upper terrace by climbing 414 steps. The construction of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Flower began in 1296. It took nearly a century and a half and was finally completed by the hands of three great architects. In particular, the Gothic dome completed by the last architect in 1436 is a masterpiece, making Florence the largest dome in the world at that time. A century later, it gave way to St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, which took second place. It was the Florentine Michelangelo who designed the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. He once pointed at the dome and said: "I can build it higher and bigger than it, but I cannot surpass its perfection." Giotto's bell tower was built earlier than the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore: after the old bell tower was destroyed by fire, the people of Foshan invited Giotto to design the new bell tower. In 1334, under the auspices of Giotto, the construction of the new bell tower began; but before the foundation and first floor of the bell tower were completed, Giotto died. The subsequent project was completed by two other architects according to the design drawings left by Giotto. Except for the spire at the top of the original drawing, which has not yet been built, it took a total of 30 years. Although Giotto, known as the "Father of Modern Painting", made his most important achievements in fine arts and was a pioneer in fine arts during the nascent Renaissance, the bell tower he designed is meticulous and elegant and can be regarded as a work handed down from generation to generation.

13. Palazzo Vecchio, Florence. Piazza Signorie is located in the center of Florence, where there is a fortress-style Palazzo Vecchio built in the 13th century (now the City Hall). The tower on the Palazzo Vecchio is 94 meters high. It is one of the most eye-catching public buildings in Italy. The corridor on the side of the Palazzo Vecchio, which was originally the venue where the abbot and the chief executive read out the proclamation, now together with the entire square has become an open-air sculpture museum, with various stone sculptures and bronze statues that are lifelike and vivid.

14. Statue of David in Florence. This statue of David beside the steps of the Palazzo Vecchio is a copy. The original has been preserved in the Art Museum, and a copy is erected in Piazza Michelangelo. It is said that there is an epidemic called "David's Dizzy Certificate"! Take a closer look.

Australia’s famous buildings

Sydney Opera House

China’s famous buildings

There are too many. The Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Old Summer Palace, the Great Wall, the Siheyuan

Other famous buildings

Russia’s “Orthodox Church” and “Red Square” Russia—St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow

The "Statue of Liberty" and "White House" in the United States

The "Arc de Triomphe" and "Eiffel Tower" in France

The "Sydney Opera House" in Australia

The United Kingdom " Big Ben" "Thames Bridge"

Malaysia's "Kuala Lumpur Petronas Twin Towers"

Italy's "Ancient Roman Arena" Leaning Tower of Pisa