Black Beauty watermelon cultivation techniques
The new generation series of Black Beauty: strong plant fertility, flesh is fine and juicy; dark green with mottled rind, oval fruit shape, hard skin, strong storage and transportation; stable quality, adaptability; high yield, small and medium-sized seeds, black; fruit weight of 4-6 kilograms, excellent quality, good flavor, not easy to hollow out.
The new trend series of black beauty: a generation of crossbreeding improved black beauty watermelon, very early birth, strong plant growth, strong resistance, high yield, not easy to crack the fruit, short elliptic fruit, melon type, large and plump, fruit weight of 8-12 pounds, dark green skin with inconspicuous striped mottled, the appearance is very beautiful. Fruit flesh deep red, tender and juicy flesh, sugar degree 13 degrees or so, tail melon quality is still stable and sweet, thin and tough skin, especially resistant to storage and transportation.
Black Beauty watermelon is sweeter than other varieties of watermelon meat than other varieties of melon to tight, price: melon farmers where the purchase is generally in the 5 to 6 cents or so. This watermelon fruit is long oval, melon smaller, dark black green rind, there are inconspicuous stripes. Generally more precocious, thin and tough rind, tender and juicy flesh. The second is the flower skin watermelon, oval, melon is larger, melon skin color light green and dark green, more common in the north, more mature, crisp taste, high sugar content. The third is the special small phoenix, which is a representative of the yellow flesh small watermelon, fruit type neat, flesh color crystal yellow, flesh is extremely tender and crisp, sweet and juicy, less fiber, intolerant of storage and transportation.
Black Beauty watermelon cultivation management:
1, sowing period: spring for 2?April, fall for 6?August at the end of the most appropriate, spring for the pre-birth period in the low-temperature period, the latter part of the fertility in the high-temperature period, fall for the opposite. The number of days required for spring crop is longer than that of fall crop, and the fruit shape is also larger, and the flesh color is also darker. Sowing in the low temperature period, in order to prevent cold, it is appropriate to use the tunnel shed insulation seedlings, true leaves have 1?2 unfolding, can be planted to the field.
2, seed disinfection and germination sowing: in order to prevent the seeds with pathogenic bacteria affecting seed germination and the spread of pests and diseases for the sake of the best before sowing seed disinfection, watermelon seeds are commonly used in formalin 100 times the solution soaked in seed 30 minutes after fishing, wash with water to clean the pesticide residues can be. In order to improve the seed germination rate and make the germination fast and neat, save the amount of seed, to avoid rodent damage, free from the lack of plants for the sake of the general use of germination sowing, dragon its sowing in the low temperature period, it is more appropriate to carry out germination sowing; germination temperature is best to use the 28-300C constant temperature. Watermelon seeds are too light, so in the germination should be cut off the light, to be young shoots through the seed shell outside, it is appropriate to sow in the hole tray or field planting holes, the young shoots vertically down, seedling sowing 1 seed per hole germination, direct broadcasting of each hole sowing germination seeds 2-3, mulch thickness of 1.5 centimeters or so, watering after sowing.
3, the preparation of beds: sand can be used as flat beds, other soil should be used as raised beds. According to the row spacing plowing 20 cm deep planting furrow, applying fertilizer and then make a small bed, and then cultivate the soil for a large bed to complete the bed style. Unidirectional row planting: row spacing 3?3.5 meters, plant spacing 0.8?1.1 meters shall prevail, rows to the east and west to go as a principle, the vine to the south to extend; border ditch on both sides of the row planting: the width of the bed of about 6?7 meters as a principle, border ditch on both sides of the row of watermelon planting, each row of the vine to the opposite direction of the border ditch to extend, the distance between the plants 0.8?1.1 meters.
4, fertilizer management: fertilizer dosage according to soil fertility and different, sand dosage should be slightly more, especially suitable for more pile of stable fertilizer. Sandy weak absorption, fertilizer is easy to lose, the amount of fertilizer per application should be less, and the number of fertilizer should be more. Fertilizer in the trailing and sitting melon after two times, each time you can apply 500 kg of manure, calcium superphosphate 5 kg, 5 kg of three yuan compound fertilizer. Another depending on plant growth, the implementation of foliar fertilization to supplement the soil fertilization of nutrient deficiencies, that is, in the young plant spraying fast green essence, to promote the development of plant stems and vines, flowering a week before the change in the spraying of full of flower essence, in order to promote the flowering and to maintain the plant's growth potential is strong, to the formation of young fruits, spraying super-sweet essence to enhance fruit quality, the application of multiples of 800?1,000 times every week or so, the application. Watermelon should pay attention to irrigation, especially in the sand irrigation for the cultivation of watermelon is the most important work.
5, the whole branching, pressure vine to stay melon: generally use 3 vine branching, each plant to stay melon 2 to 3, stay to take the second to third female flowers sitting melon. Inverted trails after the introduction of trails and pressure trails, that is, trails neatly lead to the same direction and fixed, to avoid trails shade each other.
6, turn over the melon, pad melon: in the watermelon to flesh during the period, to turn over the melon 2 to 3 times, so that it is fully exposed to light, enhance the sweetness. Pad melon can protect the melon surface neat.
Harvest:
The identification of watermelon ripening method can be summarized as follows:
1, counting the number of days after flowering;
2, the rind showing varieties of the inherent luster and color, the color of the fresh and become old and refined;
3, with a finger popping and listening to the sound of the fruit, immature for the sound of the crisp tension, ripe for the sound of the Shen Shushu, ripe for the sound of the broken mute!
4, with the hand gently shoot the watermelon, ripe fingers feel the vibration inside the melon;
5, ripe when the harvest consequences of the stalk incision has a brownish grease outflow.
Black Beauty watermelon control pests and diseases:
1, boron deficiency: watermelon new shoots upward upright, shortened internodes, fertility stagnation, new shoots near the leaves become smaller, leaf color yellow, and uneven patches, very similar to embedded toxin disease, seriously affecting yield and quality. However, boron deficiency occurs near the new end of the stem transverse fissure, extremely brittle and easy to break, and there is a brown paste out, and toxin disease is not this phenomenon. Prevention and control methods: This disease is a physiological disease, due to the lack of boron in the soil or boron can not be absorbed by the roots of the disease.
1, more application of stable fertilizer as base fertilizer;
2, boron deficiency occurs during the reproductive period, available 0?5% borax aqueous solution line foliar spraying, like spraying pesticides every 5?7 days to spray, spraying 2?4 consecutive times.
2, trailing cut disease: the affected plant by the trailing tip began to wither and die, was green withered, more in the results of the period绐发生. Part of the fine root rot, root skin peeling, leaning into the ground root head spot, sometimes deep longitudinal and secretion of brown fat, and finally born reddish disease, stem sometimes also have longitudinal crack stripes, rhizome part of the road tube becomes brown. Bitter melon vine cut disease leaf vein yellowing.
Prevention and control methods:
1, rotational planting;
2, seed germination and sowing after 6 hours of mixing with special bacteria or adding water 1500 times soaked seeds;
3, apply lime to adjust the soil PH value to between 6?5?7 before the land preparation;
4, diseased plants pulled out and burned.
Spreading blight: yellowish or even black-brown concentric whorls of sunken spots occur on the leaves. The stem first occurs water-soaked part, then secretes reddish-brown lipid, and finally becomes gray-brown corky dry spots, which are characterized by small black spots on the spots. The spots often occur in the root head or stem nodes, and the root head often swells to make the whole plant wither and die.
Anthrax: often from the plant at the base of the leaves began to develop, the spot was round or irregular, the outer side of the brown, the internal color is lighter, often with concentric whorls. Stem born oval or even linear dark brown depression spot, and then become gray dry. Fruit born on the round depression brown spots, spots to the late production of salmon-colored mucus.
Control methods:
1, seed disinfection. With 100 times formaldehyde soaked seeds for 30 minutes, water washing after sowing, or with 50% fumexide pick up seed weight of 0?3% dosage seed mix;
2, the onset of the disease, available charcoal Tetering 25% wettable powder 500?800 times the spray or irrigation; 50% sterilization 800 times the solution or frost charcoal 500 times the solution or 10% double-effect spirit 300 times the solution, timely spraying, every 5 days, consecutively. Preventing and controlling 3?4 times.
Root tumor nematode: irregular tumors occur in the roots, making the plant fertility weak, yield reduction, and even yellow wilt.
Control methods:
1, choose the land without disease or planted rice Planting melon;
2, residual plant roots dug up and burned;
3, the use of 10% tofosone granules per hectare of 15 kilograms, on the day of planting in the planting hole will be applied to the agent, first covered with some soil before planting.
6, beet nightshade, cabbage greenfly:
Control methods:
1, trapping adult insects. Utilizing the tendency to use black light and sex lure to trap adult moths, take carrots, sweet potatoes, soybean cake fermentation solution with a little sugar and trichlorfon to trap adult moths;
2, strengthen field management, manual removal of egg masses and capture cluster larvae can play a multiplier effect;
3, pharmaceutical control. Spray 1500 times the palm thunder, or Abadin mixed with high efficiency cypermethrin, or use 0?12% strong stick 1500?2000 times liquid. It is appropriate to apply medicine in the evening; if rainy days, the morning spray effect is also good.