This standard is mainly drafted by: Putian City Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, Putian City, Xiuyu District Aquatic Technology Extension Station, Putian City, the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.
The main drafter of this standard: Huang Jianhui, Yan Zhihong, Chen Huixia, Lin Jinhuang, Lin Zhiqiang
Longbeer culture technical specifications
1 Scope
This standard specifies the Longbeer shallow-sea aquaculture sea area selection, raft structure setup, raising, disease and enemy prevention and control, as well as harvesting technical requirements.
This standard applies to the province's longbeard shallow sea culture.
2 normative references
The following documents in the provisions of this standard through the citation of this standard and become the provisions of this standard. All subsequent change orders (excluding errata) or revisions to dated references do not apply to this standard, however, parties who have reached agreement under this standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents may be used. Where a document is cited without date, the latest version applies to this standard.
NY5052-2001 Quality of water for mariculture of non-polluting foodstuffs
3 Selection of sea area
3.1 Substrate
Flat muddy sand or sandy mud substrate is preferred, with soft mud second.
3.2 Water depth
Water depth of more than 8m, within the 20m isobath, with a certain degree of wind performance and can maintain more than 2m depth of water under the line of the tidal dry tide.
3.3 Seawater flow rate
Requirements for the tide is smooth, the current speed of the sea current between 0.15m/s-0.7m/s.
3.4 Water quality
The aquaculture area should be located in the sea area where there is no industrial wastewater, agricultural or domestic sewage discharge, and the water quality should be in accordance with the requirements of NY5052-2001. The salinity of the sea area should be maintained at 25‰-32‰ during the breeding season.
4 Culture raft structure, setup and safety measures
4.1 Raft structure
4.1.1 Floating rope, rope
Floating rope, rope material for polyethylene, polypropylene and other chemical fibers. The diameter can be selected according to the sea current, wind and wave conditions, generally 1.5㎝-2㎝, the length of floating rope is 60m-70m, and the length of cross rope is 75m-100m.
4.1.2 Piece of cable
The material specification is the same as the floating rope, and the length is generally 2 times of the depth of the water, and the length of the area with big wind and wave and sea current is 2.5 times~3 times.
4.1.3 Peg
There are two kinds of pegs:
a) Wooden peg (Tsubaki): it can be made of various wooden materials. The diameter is about 15cm and the length is 1m~1.5m. It is suitable for the sea area with muddy sand or sandy mud bottom;
b) Bamboo peg: it is suitable for the sea area with soft mud bottom. The length depends on the depth of the soft mud on the sea floor, and it should be 1m more than the depth of the soft mud.
4.1.4 Iron anchor or steelyard weight
The weight of iron anchor and steelyard is more than 1000㎏. The weight of the emery is stone or cement, the height is one-third of the bottom edge, and the diameter of the ring of emery is 20
㎜-22㎜.
4.1.5 Float
The plastic float with diameter of 28cm-30cm, weight of 1.6㎏ and buoyancy of 12.5㎏ is used.
4.1.6 Float rope
The material is polyethylene rope with diameter 0.2㎜-0.3㎜.
4.1.7 Lanyard rope
The material is polyethylene rope, diameter 3㎜-5㎜, and the length depends on the water depth of the sea area.
4.1.8 Seedling rope
The seedling rope is 300 silk polyethylene rope, twisted into three strands with diameter of 0.5cm, the twisting degree of seedling rope is suitable for not hurting the seedlings or dropping the seedlings, and the length of the seedling rope is 5m.
4.1.9 Single raft
The single raft row length is 60m, and the spacing between the rows is 5m, and the single raft of each row is hung with 100 pieces of seedling rope.
4.2 Floating raft setup
4.2.1 Layout
According to the planning, reasonable layout, raft spacing of 5m-8m, 15 rows of rafts to 20 rows of rafts for each aquaculture community, on both sides of the rope fixed, the district spacing
30m-50m, the district with the district into a "field" or "pin" between the district. or "Pin" type vertical and horizontal arrangement.
4.2.2 Direction
To determine the degree of harm of the wind and waves and currents, if the wind and waves are the main hazards, then set up rafts with the wind; if the currents are the main factors, then set up rafts with the current; if both hazards are greater should be set up rafts with partial flow.
4.2.3 Methods
Determine the direction of the floating raft and the length of the raft body in the raft body at both ends of the pegs, and under the emery (or iron anchor) to fix the raft body.
4.3 Safety Measures
4.3.1 Loosening and tightening of raft
The raft should be loosened and tightened in such a way that the raft body remains slack during high tide.
4.3.2 Float binding
Float binding should be firm, tie the float rope buckle should be tightly knotted, the rope and the floating rope should be tightly tied to prevent falling off.
4.3.3 Lanyard tying
Lanyard tying should be firm, the lanyard must be firmly tied to the floatrope, and can't be made to slide from side to side, to prevent the lanyard and seedling ropes from intertwining and wearing out and falling out.
4.3.4 Pegs
Pegs should be firmly, the general sea area of wooden pegs into the soil depth of not less than 0.8m, in the windy and rough sea area of the soft mud bottom, the pegs should be driven into the soil 1m ~ 1.5m, pegs of cables should be tied to the lower end of the pegs of the lower three-fifths or one-half of a peg to prevent the pulling out of the pegs.
5 Nurture
5.1 Nurture period
October each year to June of the following year, the appropriate temperature of 27 ℃ below.
5.2 Seedling clamping
5.2.1 Seedling rope treatment
7d before clamping the seedlings, seedling ropes should be treated, i.e., new seedling ropes are soaked in water for 1d, and the old seedling ropes are sterilized with 200mg/L bleach and washed.
5.2.2 The right temperature for clamping the fry
When the water temperature in the sea area drops below 27℃, the fry can be clamped and stocked.
5.3 Seedling
5.3.1 Source of seedling
Source of seedling includes asexual strains re-selected artificially and the offspring of asexual strains not more than 3 years old selected in the culture sea area.
5.3.2 Seedling specifications
The top 30 centimeters of the algal body of Lobsteria can be used as seedling. When clamping the seedling, divide it into 10㎝-15㎝ for each plant and use it for clamping the seedling.
5.3.3 Seedling quality requirements
Seedlings should be selected from the end part of the alga body that is well grown, free of disease and rotting, purple-red in color, and with fewer mixed algae as seed algae.
5.4 Seedling transportation
The temperature should not exceed 30℃ during the transportation of seedling to prevent the drying of algae.
5.5 Clamping method
Before clamping the seedlings, soak the seedling rope in seawater, so that the rope is in a wet state. The amount of seedling clamping is 50g of longbeard per meter of seedling rope, that is to say, the longbeard which is used as seedling after removing miscellaneous algae (seaweed, etc.) is passed through the seedling rope in a small cluster of about 5g, and a cluster of seedling is clamped every 5㎝-10㎝, which should be clamped in the middle of the seedling, and the two ends of the seedling are exposed to 5㎝-6㎝. When clamping the seedlings, prevent sunlight exposure and drying of the algae to prevent dehydration of the algae.
5.6 Hanging seedlings
Connect the two ends of the clamped seedling rope with the lanyard on the floating rope. Hang them on the raft for culture.
5.7 Management
5.7.1 Adjustment of aquaculture layer
Use the buoyancy ball to adjust the buoyancy and adjust the aquaculture layer. When the light is strong, the aquaculture water layer is adjusted at 0.5m~1m; when the light is weak, the aquaculture water layer is adjusted at the water surface.
5.7.2 Check the floating raft
The firmness of the seedling rope and the floating raft should be checked in time, and the loosening and tightening of each raft frame should be consistent, and the requirements should be neat, so as to ensure the safety of the production and the uniformity of the light.
6 Disease and enemy control
6.1 White rot
6.1.1 Symptoms
Algae bases and branches can be seen with the naked eye as light yellow spots or small segments of white knots, the algae body becomes lighter in color, poor luster, and some are yellowish-green or whitish; the algae body becomes harder and coarser, with reduced elasticity, easy to break; the algae body has reduced ability to divide, and the branching reduces markedly, with the detached alga body Easy to rot.
6.1.2 Causes
The occurrence of this disease is related to the high temperature in summer in the south, the change of physiological traits, especially after the cumulative generations of culture, its resistance to decline.
6.1.3 Prevention and control
At least every three years must be re-selected asexual strains of Lungwort as seedling to update the germplasm; every year in winter clip seedling, to avoid the use of seedling in the southern sea area over the summer. At the same time, the layout of the sea area should be reasonable, preferably zigzag arrangement. At the end of production each year to raft frame material all ashore exposure to kill pathogens; other control methods, according to 5.1.1, 5.5, 5.7.1 implementation.
6.2 Enemies
6.2.1 Algae Hooked Shrimp
6.2.1.1 Symptoms
Algae body surface skin has obvious insect pest phagocytosis.
6.2.1.2 Causes
Crustacean algae hook shrimp inhabits the artificially cultured lobster, which sucks up the algal sap, resulting in a decrease in the toughness of the algal body and dislodgement.
6.2.1.3 Prevention and control
Avoid breeding in the peak breeding period of algal hook shrimp (April-May), if there is breeding and found a large number of algal hook shrimp should be promptly harvested.
6.2.2 Fish Harm
6.2.2.1 Symptoms
The lobster on the seedling rope is almost eaten up.
6.2.2.2 Cause
Because many fishes in the natural sea area are fond of seaweeds, especially bluenose fishes infested the keikis in groups and bit off the base of keikis.
6.2.2.3 Prevention and control
Avoid the breeding of blue roe during its peak growth period, or repel and catch blue roe.
7 Harvesting and sun-drying
7.1 Harvesting specifications
After 2-3 months' growth, when each fry rope reaches 15㎏ and the color is purple-black, it can be harvested. Unless the harvesting is robbed due to serious disease and enemy, it should not be harvested too early, because the gum content of the early harvested Lobelia is low.
7.2 Harvesting method
When harvesting, you should harvest longbeet with seedling rope.
7.3 Sun-drying
If it is used as a raw material for processing agar, choose sunny mornings when harvesting and sun-dry it, and keep it in bags; if it is used as a feed for abalone and other feeds, it can be harvested and used now according to the need.