In greenhouse vegetable planting, according to the growth period of vegetables, it can be divided into seedling stage, planting stage, flowering and fruit-setting stage and picking stage. Among these four stages, the planting stage is the shortest, but it is also a link between the past and the future. Heredity is the continuation of seedling stage, because it also belongs to seedling stage from planting to flowering and fruiting; Because the next stage is flowering and fruit setting, whether the management of planting period is in place plays a decisive role in flowering and fruit setting, which is the importance of planting. It can be said that the planting period is the core of the whole vegetable growth period management, which directly determines the yield of vegetables in the later period, and there are many details that need our careful study.

First, the management objectives of planting period

The management of planting period has a goal, and all management work is carried out around this goal. The first management goal is to ensure that the seedlings are not dead or sick after planting, and to plant the seedlings from the seedling tray to the ground, at least to ensure their survival, which is the most basic requirement; The second management goal is to slow down the seedlings and slow them down as soon as possible; The third management goal is to develop the root system. These three points are the criteria for judging the quality of planting work. The realization of these three management objectives has laid a good foundation for high yield in the later period.

Second, the management of the core details of planting period.

Although the planting period is very short in the whole vegetable growth period, many management details are very important. From the key point of view, there are mainly the following points.

(1) Disinfection is the core.

Only by doing a good job of disinfection can we ensure the most basic colonization goal, so that seedlings will not die and diseases will not occur. Disinfection can be divided into two parts, one is the disinfection of planting seedlings, and the other is the disinfection of soil, which is easily overlooked by many vegetable farmers.

1, disinfection leaves improve resistance.

Disinfection of seedlings, whether you are raising seedlings yourself or buying seedlings, you should disinfect the leaves to improve your resistance. The specific disinfectant can be used flexibly according to the number of planting stubbles and the incidence in previous years. But no matter what disease it is, it can be divided into higher fungal diseases, lower fungal diseases and bacterial diseases.

Many of our vegetable farmers can't tell the difference between diseases, so it is suggested that fungal diseases and bacterial diseases can be prevented together when spraying drugs. Medication suggestion 75% benzamide? Dicyandiamide (20% difenoconazole +55% dicyandiamide anthraquinone) water dispersible granule 5g +30% Chunlei? 40 ml of propamocarb (2% kasugamycin +28% propamocarb hydrochloride) water agent+30 ml of water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and spray seedlings with stems and leaves. Among them benzamide? Cyanide controls higher fungi, spring thunder? Propamocarb prevents bacterial diseases, and water-soluble fertilizers of medium and trace elements improve seedling resistance.

2, root disinfection to promote rooting

Root disinfection includes seedling root disinfection and soil disinfection.

(1) root disinfection

Rinse the roots with the seedling tray to take root, to prevent the seedlings from dying in the roots, that is, to prevent the roots from carrying germs. After dipping the roots, there is no need to water the roots after planting. As long as it is not planted in July, because July is the highest temperature, it is necessary to spray the seedlings once after dipping the roots, which means that it is no problem to dip the roots once except in autumn to prevent the seedlings from dying.

Does nail polish recommend dipping roots? The water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements in hymexazol+Bacillus subtilis+propamocarb hydrochloride+amino acid is used to control three pathogenic bacteria related to stem base rot, Rhizoctonia solani and root rot: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium and Pythium. After soaking the roots, put them in the shed for 3-4 hours before planting, and disinfect the aboveground and underground parts of the seedlings.

(2) soil disinfection

Especially for continuous cropping, if it is a new greenhouse, the new greenhouse does not need disinfection. If it is planted for 4 to 5 years, it must be disinfected. After clearing the land, irrigate disinfectant water once 7~ 10 days before sowing, and then apply 500 g ~ 1 kg trichloroisocyanuric acid with the water, and the dosage is determined according to the continuous cropping years, so as to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil while creating water by watering.

Many vegetable farmers are worried that the application of strong oxidant will kill the bacterial fertilizer applied in land preparation. In fact, the bacterial fertilizer we use is dry and the bacteria inside are dormant. It will take several days for the bacteria to wake up after watering. When the bacteria are activated, the oxidant has expired.

(2) ingenious planting methods

1, about ridging

Which is better, ridging or flat border cultivation? We must first understand what the purpose of cultivating soil is. If it is winter stubble or early spring stubble, ridging should be done before planting, because the outside temperature is already very low, and the ground temperature will decrease when planting. The biggest advantage of ridging is to increase the ground temperature, which is especially critical in winter or early spring; After summer and autumn stubble, leveling and ridging after autumn have little effect.

When ridging, the height should be at least 20~25 cm, too low can not achieve the purpose of ridging. Some of our vegetable farmers like to plant in flat beds and then cultivate the soil into high ridges. This cultivation mode is not recommended because the soil is deteriorating now. If we cultivate the soil after flat planting, it will easily lead to the problems of root retting and premature aging.

2. About colonization

The main problem of planting is to grasp the depth. No matter what kind of stubble, it is recommended to dig deep and plant shallowly, and the seedlings planted deeply will not grow. The advantage of shallow planting seedlings is firstly high ground temperature, especially in cold winter; Secondly, it is easy to water too much in summer and autumn. The deeper the planting, the easier it is for the old roots to retch. It is generally recommended that the height between the seedlings and the ground after planting is the same as when planting in the seedling tray. If you have overgrown seedlings, you can lie down or plant them deeply.

3. About point fertilizer

In the end, many manufacturers say that bacterial fertilizer is safe and can be directly applied to holes. It is not impossible. What's the purpose? If we just slow Miao down, there is no need to apply acupuncture. Point fertilization can be used, but it must be used. There is only one case of acupoint fertilization to prevent root diseases, because some soil-borne diseases, such as Fusarium, Fusarium and so on, can not be completely killed, but will only depress the pathogen base. On this basis, applying some bacterial fertilizer in the hole to form the advantage of flora can prevent the seedlings from dying, and other strong seedlings are not needed at all.

Please refer to the previous article for water and fertilizer management during planting. Sanshui Ding Gankun? Chapter: grow vegetables in greenhouse, manage soil, fertilizer and water well, and you can also become an expert in growing vegetables.

(D) About the choice of plastic film

For mulch, first of all, it must be clear that mulch is definitely better than no mulch. When using plastic film, there are three main problems:

1. When will the plastic film be covered?

It is suggested that the plastic film mulching time should be 12~20 days after planting, and premature mulching is not recommended. The earlier, a small environment with high temperature and high humidity will be formed on the soil surface, which is not conducive to the deepening of roots.

2. Cover with white film or black film? What is the difference?

The use of white film and black film is particular and should be chosen according to the purpose. The biggest advantage of white film is light transmission, which can increase the ground temperature; Black film is opaque, and its biggest advantage is weed prevention. If there are too many weeds in the field, it is recommended to use black film, especially large seed shed. The labor cost of weeding is too high. Black film is divided into silver-gray film, the front is silver-gray, the back is black, the front is insect repellent, and the back is weed. Black and white film, white front, black back, reflective front, weed-proof back. When choosing plastic film, you must choose according to your actual situation.

3. Thickness of plastic film

Whether white film or black film is selected, it is suggested that the thickness should be thick rather than thin, and it is not easy to break. After a growing season, it can be recovered smoothly. Never screw the plastic film into the ground, which is extremely unfavorable for the root growth of the next crop.

(5) Two-stage temperature management after planting

Temperature management after planting is also particularly important. It is suggested that there are two stages. The first stage is the delay from planting to emergence, which is generally recommended to be about 7 days. This stage is called slow seedling stage, so it is suggested to carry out high temperature management in slow seedling stage to promote fast and slow seedling, but this high temperature is not sultry. The so-called high temperature management, such as the reasonable temperature of tomatoes during the day is 28~30℃, not exceeding 32℃; Cucumber, melon and other melons, it is suggested that the reasonable daytime temperature is 30~32℃, not exceeding 34℃; The reasonable daytime temperature of eggplant and pepper is 30~32℃, not lower than 28℃.

The second stage is from slow seedling stage to flowering stage, when the seedlings have taken root and adopted moderate temperature management. High temperature management is beneficial to slow down seedlings, while medium temperature management is beneficial to control seedlings and balance growth. The higher the later temperature, the easier it is to grow white.

(6) About the control of nematodes

Nematodes are also a concern for many vegetable farmers. As long as there are nematodes in the field, it is impossible to kill them completely. All measures are aimed at reducing the source base of nematodes, whether in high temperature shed or other methods, the purpose is to control the harm of nematodes within a controllable range. The control of nematodes can be divided into three categories.

Physical prevention: The main measure of greenhouse cultivation is to close the shed at high temperature, and the measure of cold shed is to freeze the ground at low temperature, because no matter how the shed is closed, the ground temperature of 10 cm can't meet the requirement of 55℃, so the ground can only be frozen at low temperature. How to freeze the ground at low temperature, wait until the vegetables in this cold shed are pulled out. For high-temperature greenhouses, please refer to my previous article: Make good use of high-temperature greenhouses, reduce soil-borne diseases and insect pests, and improve the soil at the same time.

Chemical prevention and control: At present, two kinds of drugs are widely used in chemical prevention and control, one is thiazole phosphorus, and the other is abamectin. Avermectin is not recommended because it is resistant to drugs. Although thiophosphate is also resistant, it still belongs to the mainstream category in chemical agents. Thiophosphate cannot be used alone, and amino acid oligosaccharides must be added. The advantage of chemical control is quick effect, but the disadvantage is that it is easy to produce drug resistance.

Biological control: using bacteria to control nematodes, such as Paecilomyces lilacinus, can control nematodes, and the use of bacteria is directly related to the soil. The use of a single microbial agent is particularly limited by the soil. It is suggested to use high-content and compound microbial agents when selecting microbial agents, and try not to use only one.

In the control of nematodes, the above control methods should be used flexibly according to the actual situation, and three comprehensive control methods are suggested. The principle is that physical control can solve the problem without chemical control, and biological control can prevent it without chemical control.

In the process of planting vegetables, the planting period is a link between the past and the future. Vegetable farmers must plant some management details of planting. Only in this way can we lay a good foundation for high yield in the later period.