Peanut, formerly known as groundnut (scientific name: peanut? Lynn. ) is an abundant and widely eaten nut in China, also known as "longevity fruit", "cajanus cajan" and "fandou".
It belongs to the genus Panicum in Rosaceae and Leguminosae, with erect or creeping stems, 30-80 cm long, wings separated from keel, pod length of 2-5 cm, width of 1- 1.3 cm, swelling, thick pods, and flowering in June-August. Mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egypt and other places. It can be used as raw material for cosmetics such as soap and hair tonic.
morphological character
Panicum miliaceum. Roots are rich in nodules; The stems are erect or prostrate, 30 ~ 80 cm long, with horns, yellow villous and hairless. Leaves usually have 2 pairs of leaflets; Stipules are 2 ~ 4 cm long, longitudinally veined and hairy; Petiole base holding stem, 5 ~ 10 cm long, hairy.
Leaflets are papery, ovoid to obovate, 2-4 cm long and 0.5-2 cm wide, with obtuse apex, sometimes slightly concave, prickly apex, nearly round base, entire, hairy on both sides and eyelashes on the edge; There are about 10 lateral veins on each side; Vein edges are interconnected to form a network; Petiole is 2 ~ 5 mm long and covered with long yellow-brown hair.
The flower is about 8 mm long; Bracts 2, lanceolate; Bracteoles lanceolate, ca. 5 mm long, longitudinally veined, pilose; Calyx tube is thin, 4 ~ 6 cm long; Corolla yellow or golden yellow, flag petal diameter 65438 0.7 cm, spreading, apex concave; The wing flap is separated from the keel flap, and the wing flap is rectangular or oblique oval, slender; The keel flap is oval, folded in, and the top is narrowed into a beak, which is shorter than the wing flap.
The style extends beyond the pharynx of calyx tube, and the top of the style is small and sparsely pilose. The pod is 2 ~ 5 cm long, wide 1 ~ 1.3 cm, swollen and thick, and the transverse diameter of seeds is 0.5 ~ 1 cm. The flowering and fruiting period is from June to August.