Abdominal pain in children is a common disease in pediatrics, but because there are many causes of abdominal pain, parents should pay attention to observe the symptoms of their children when sending them to see a doctor, and never give them painkillers at will, otherwise it will cover up the symptoms at the onset and affect the doctor's observation of the disease, thus delaying diagnosis and treatment. If the child has the following common abdominal pain symptoms, parents should deal with them in time and send the child to the hospital as soon as possible.
roundworm disease
Abdominal pain characteristics
When the environment changes or the child has a fever, diarrhea, hunger and eats irritating food, he suddenly has abdominal pain. The child cries and rolls around, bends over, breaks out in a cold sweat and looks pale. Abdominal pain is the most serious around the navel. Often accompanied by vomiting, and even spit out roundworms. Sometimes abdominal pain can relieve or even disappear on its own, and the child looks tired, and can play as usual after complete recovery. Every time the pain attacks for several minutes, it may attack every other day or several times a day.
Causes of abdominal pain
After the larvae of ascaris lumbricoides develop into adults in the small intestine, they have toxic and mechanical stimulation effects on the small intestine, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and indigestion. When the number of adults is as many as dozens or hundreds, the worms can twist each other into a ball, causing intestinal obstruction. And ascaris has the habit of drilling holes, often drilling into the appendix and biliary tract to cause appendicitis and biliary ascariasis, thus causing abdominal pain.
How to deal with it
In recent years, there are many symptomatic new drugs with high curative effect and few side effects, such as levamisole, mebendazole, tetramisole, etc. Children suffering from ascariasis can take these drugs under the guidance of doctors.
Special reminder
Ascariasis is quite widespread in China, with more children than adults in rural areas than in cities, and its infection rate can reach more than 85%. Therefore, prevention should be given priority to: vegetables should be washed and cooked, melons and fruits should be washed and peeled, raw water should not be drunk, and hands should be washed before and after meals. It's also important to cut children's nails frequently, because the dirt under the nails often contains many ascaris eggs.
acute appendicitis
Abdominal pain characteristics
At first, the child felt stomach pain or pain around the navel, and it turned into pain in the right lower abdomen after several hours. Pressing children's right lower abdomen with their hands will aggravate their crying, and children are often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, and then have a fever, and their body temperature can rise as high as 39℃.
Abdominal pain is generally not too severe, but children often curl up in bed with their right legs or walk with their backs bent. If the child can't express the pain in words, his crying is different from usual, and he will curl up and break out in a cold sweat. If crying for more than 3 hours, parents should doubt whether there is the possibility of appendicitis.
Accompanying symptoms
Children can get acute appendicitis at all ages, and it is more common. In addition to abdominal pain, it will be accompanied by the following symptoms:
1, nausea, vomiting: Most children are accompanied by vomiting, and the vomit is mostly undigested food.
2, fever: Most children began to have a fever shortly after abdominal pain appeared, and some showed that crying and fever appeared at the same time.
3, afraid of rubbing the stomach: children are afraid that parents or doctors will press the right lower abdomen hard, where the abdominal wall muscles are tight, and the children refuse to press the abdomen by adults. There are also some children with atypical symptoms, such as diarrhea from the beginning, much like enteritis.
How to deal with it
Appendicitis in children develops rapidly, and suppurative peritonitis caused by perforation of appendix may endanger children's lives. Therefore, if children are found to have the above symptoms, they should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
Special reminder
Because acute appendicitis is often accompanied by fever, children with atypical abdominal pain are easily mistaken by parents for colds and diarrhea, which should be paid attention to and carefully observed.
Incarcerated hernia
Abdominal pain characteristics
The child has paroxysmal crying, abdominal pain, abdominal distension and vomiting, and a swelling appears inside the groin when standing or forcibly defecating, or only one scrotum is enlarged. After being treated by a doctor, this situation may happen again and again.
Causes of abdominal pain
Abdominal pressure increases due to crying, coughing, laughing, sneezing, exertion (such as defecation) and other reasons, so that the intestines enter the groin or scrotum and cause abdominal pain. Umbilical hernia and inguinal hernia are common in children. There is little chance of incarceration of umbilical hernia, and most of them cause abdominal pain due to incarceration of inguinal hernia.
How to deal with it
Children must be sent to hospital for treatment in time.
Gastrointestinal growth pain in children
Abdominal pain characteristics
Some children will have paroxysmal abdominal pain inexplicably, but many examinations can't find the reason, and taking drugs to treat intestinal spasm and deworming is also ineffective. In fact, this kind of abdominal pain may be a normal physiological phenomenon, which is medically called "gastrointestinal growth pain in children".
The main feature of gastrointestinal growth pain in children is that it recurs within a certain period of time, and each pain time is short, generally less than 10 minute. Abdominal pain is mainly located around the abdomen, followed by the upper abdomen. When the pain stops, it recurs. Abdominal pain can be light or heavy. When it is serious, it can make the child cry and roll for a long time, and the stomach is slightly hard. When it is intermittent, the whole abdomen is soft, which may be accompanied by vomiting. After vomiting, the spirit is still good.
The pain has no certain regularity, and the degree of pain is also inconsistent. It is only abdominal discomfort, but it is colic. The child's pain is unbearable, and the "gurgling" bowel sounds can be heard. But this kind of pain can be relieved quickly, and the child's mental state, diet and activities will return to normal after relief.
Causes of abdominal pain
Gastrointestinal growth pain in children is paroxysmal abdominal pain caused by strong contraction of intestinal wall muscles, which is the most common case of acute abdominal pain in children. The causes are related to many factors, such as catching cold, overeating, eating a lot of cold food, and breastfeeding too much. This kind of abdominal pain is more common in children aged 3 ~12. The mechanism is that the child grows and develops rapidly, the blood supply of the body is relatively insufficient for a while, and the intestinal tract is in a state of temporary ischemia, causing spasmodic contraction and pain. In addition, because of autonomic nerve dysfunction, it will lead to the disharmony between the excitation and inhibition of intestinal wall nerves, which will cause strong contraction of intestinal smooth muscle and pain, so it is also called "infantile intestinal spasm" in medicine.
How to deal with it
For children with gastrointestinal growth pain, generally no treatment is needed. If the pain is severe, you can apply hot compress or massage Zusanli point and abdomen, which has a certain effect on relieving the pain. However, there are many reasons that can cause abdominal pain in children. You must ask a doctor to make a clear diagnosis and exclude other diseases before you can be diagnosed as gastrointestinal growth pain.
The disease is a simple functional change, and it is a non-organic lesion, so the prognosis is good, and most of them can heal themselves. If you give your child an appropriate amount of belladonna tincture orally under the guidance of a doctor, you can quickly relieve the pain. bacillary dysentery
Abdominal pain characteristics
I often have a sudden onset. First, I have a fever of 39℃ or even higher, and the number of stools increases. Before diarrhea, I often have paroxysmal abdominal pain, and the "purring" sound in my stomach increases, but my abdominal distension is not obvious. The sick child has severe dehydration, poor skin elasticity and general weakness.
Causes of abdominal pain
This disease occurs frequently in summer and autumn, which is mainly caused by bacterial infection due to inattention to food hygiene.
How to deal with it
When children are sent to hospital for treatment, parents can also take comprehensive care to help them relieve pain.
Nursing points:
1, children must be isolated, tableware can be boiled in boiling water for 15 minutes, and toys for children can be made of easily disinfected wood or plastic. Children's sheets and bedding can be disinfected by exposure to sunlight for 6 hours.
2, in order to reduce physical exertion and reduce the frequency of defecation, children should be kept in bed. When a child has abdominal pain, you can put a hot water bottle in his abdomen, but be careful that the water temperature is not too high to prevent burns.
3, if the baby's stool is urgent and fast, let the child solve the stool on the diaper, and do not ask him to go to the toilet to relieve the stool, so as to prevent anorectal prolapse. Wash your child's buttocks with warm water after each defecation and apply 5% tannic acid ointment to the skin around the anus. If you have proctoptosis, you can apply vaseline on gauze or soft toilet paper to hold the prolapsed anus, gently massage it and push it up at the same time to reset it.
4. If the child vomits frequently, he can fast for a short time, and the doctor may give the child intravenous fluids. Parents can feed their children less greasy liquids, such as lotus root starch and soybean milk. When you get better, you can eat as soon as possible. At this time, you can feed your child semi-liquid with little residue and easy digestion, such as porridge, steamed eggs, boiled noodles, etc. Milk is easy to cause diarrhea and flatulence, so don't feed it to your child for the time being.
Give your child more water. In the later stage of recovery, you should try to arouse the appetite of the child. You can also let him take digestive enzyme drugs such as pepsin half an hour before eating, and add nutrition and protein to the diet. At first, you can eat less and eat more meals, and gradually increase them to prevent indigestion.
5. Children with chronic bacillary dysentery are often malnourished, so parents should arrange their children's diet reasonably. In addition to avoiding raw, cold, indigestible and greasy food, in order to improve their nutritional status in a short time, they should pay attention to improving the color, fragrance, taste and diversity of food in combination with their usual eating habits to arouse their appetite.
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Abdominal pain characteristics
Henoch-Schonlein purpura is an allergic disease, all of which are accompanied by systemic symptoms. The first manifestation is cutaneous purpura, which varies in area and size, and its surface is purplish red, mostly distributed in limbs and buttocks, especially in ankles and knees. On this basis, paroxysmal severe abdominal colic occurs, which is obvious around umbilicus or lower abdomen, with tenderness, but soft stomach. May be accompanied by diarrhea and varying degrees of bloody stool, stool is black or red. It is caused by bleeding and edema on the inner wall of intestine. Some children are also accompanied by joint swelling and pain, and even hematuria.
How to deal with it
Sending children to the hospital for treatment, the disease is mostly treated with traditional Chinese medicine, which can achieve the effect of eliminating evil and consolidating the foundation. Severe children still need hormone therapy, but the prognosis of the disease is generally good, and they can be cured in one week for mild symptoms and 4 ~ 8 weeks for severe ones. Children should stay in bed and limit the consumption of hard and indigestible food.
chronic gastritis
Abdominal pain characteristics
Chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer in children is often recurrent paroxysmal abdominal pain, which is mostly irregular, mainly supraumbilical and periumbilical pain, often accompanied by typical manifestations such as tenderness, anorexia, emaciation, vomiting and pantothenic acid in the upper abdomen. Most sick children have a history of unclean diet, uneven hunger and satiety, or eating like food and being cold.
How to deal with it
There is no specific treatment for children's chronic gastritis, and the comprehensive treatment of children's chronic gastritis should be based on diet therapy and drug therapy. In addition to actively cooperating with doctors for medication, parents can also start by adjusting their children's daily diet. The principle of diet therapy is to maintain the nutritional intake of children to ensure their normal growth and development and prevent nutritional disorders. Parents can arrange easy-to-digest food according to their children's age and living habits, and eat a small amount of meals to avoid their children eating irritating food and drinks.
Special reminder
This disease is most easily misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal spasm and ascariasis, which needs parents' attention.
For children with bad eating habits, recurrent epigastric pain or periumbilical pain, fiberoptic gastroscopy should be done as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis. The positive rate of fiber gastroscope in the diagnosis of gastritis and peptic ulcer in children is much higher than that of gastrointestinal barium meal examination. In the past, it was thought that children with chronic gastritis were rare, but now children tend to eat more "junk food" and parents do not pay attention to cultivating their children's good eating habits, so the incidence rate is increasing day by day. This disease is one of the main causes of recurrent abdominal pain in children.
Habitual abdominal pain
Abdominal pain characteristics
When all kinds of acute diseases and ascariasis are excluded, all kinds of recurrent abdominal pain with no cause can be habitual abdominal pain.
Most of them start around the age of 4. It often hurts after breakfast or meal. Ask your child which part hurts, usually the navel, and there is no fever or diarrhea. The pain is not very severe. It will be fine in10 ~ 20 minutes, as if nothing happened. However, the next day, the child complained of stomachache in the same way. When he went to the hospital for examination, he could not find any substantial lesions, and he could not find eggs when he examined his stool.
Causes of abdominal pain
Although this disease has not been included in the general textbooks, it does exist in young children. The research of foreign scholars also shows that abdominal pain like this not only exists, but also quite a lot. It is speculated that the child's internal organs are too sensitive, and the gastrointestinal peristalsis is mistaken for abdominal pain, or it may be due to constipation, because many children have disappeared after defecation.
How to deal with it
At present, there is no special treatment for habitual abdominal pain. Usually, it is mainly to prevent children from constipation and let them eat more fruits, yogurt and other foods.
When the pain occurs, pressing his "Zusanli" point with his thumb can relieve the pain quickly. Be careful not to press it with your nails to avoid hurting your skin. (Determine the location of "Zusanli" so that children can sit in a chair, bend the knee joint and press it on the right knee joint with the right thumb, and the location where the middle finger presses on the outside of the knee joint is the "Zusanli" point. The upper and lower range of this acupoint is large, and it is ok to be "fuzzy" at all. Special reminder: some children who just went to kindergarten will cry for stomachache whenever they are sent to kindergarten, as if they were pretending to be sick. At this time, parents should not arbitrarily say that the child is pretending to be ill and reprimand him, so as not to hurt the child's self-esteem, but it is not appropriate to show excessive anxiety. You can tell your child: "Wait for the abdominal pain to get better." This may be a habitual abdominal pain caused by psychological reasons.
Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis
Abdominal pain characteristics
Often there is fever first, followed by abdominal pain. The site of abdominal colic may be diffuse or different depending on the location of inflamed lymph nodes, but it is most common in the right lower abdomen. The site of abdominal pain is easy to change, and the intensity of abdominal pain is also easy to change.
Causes of abdominal pain
Bacteria enter the chylous duct through the broken intestinal mucosa of gastrointestinal tract, which increases the inflammation of mesenteric lymph nodes; Due to the stimulation of inflammatory exudate, there are clinical symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
How to deal with it
Send the child to the hospital as soon as possible.
Special reminder
Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis in children mostly occurs at 3 ~10 years old, with boys accounting for 57%, and the peak of the disease is children under 7 years old. The disease is often complicated in the course of acute upper respiratory tract infection or secondary to intestinal inflammation.
Abdominal urticaria
Abdominal pain characteristics
It is often related to children's eating food with allergens such as fish, shrimp and eggs. Rubella itching often occurs in the skin and pain around the umbilicus, accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea.
Causes of abdominal pain
Most of them occur in children with allergies.
How to deal with it
If the child has an allergic constitution, he should try to avoid eating foods that are easy to cause allergies. If there is abdominal pain, he should take anti-allergic drugs orally according to the doctor's advice, and the abdominal pain can be alleviated.