Pineapple plant height of 0.7 ~ 1.5 meters, short thick stem, brown, the base of the sucker buds out. Roots are attached around the stem. Leaves are clustered from the upper part of the stem. Spikes arise from the clusters of leaves. Fruit fleshy, pine cone-like compound fruit, mostly cylindrical; flesh yellow (see figure). There are about 70 cultivars, which can be divided into three categories: Cayenne, Queen and Spanish. Pineapple winter growth moderate temperature of about 15 ℃. Wide adaptability to the soil. Root aerobic shallow, with mycorrhiza *** birth, the stomata and velvet on the back of the leaves have a special structure for storing carbon dioxide, but also prevent water evaporation, so drought-resistant, but not cold-resistant. Generally propagated by sprouts, with the crown bud propagation of the plant is optimal, followed by sucker bud culture of seedlings. Fertilization period to pre-flowering, fruit and fruit 3 times as the focus, and must increase the application of potash. Timely removal of crown buds, descent buds and selective retention of sucker buds, favorable nutrient concentration and normal fruit development. The soil requirements are not strict. Fewer pests and diseases. Pineapple fruit in addition to fresh food, mostly used for canning, because it can maintain the original flavor and widely loved. Leaf fiber can be used as rope, fishing nets and other raw materials.
Distribution
Pineapple is widely distributed between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, is one of the world's most important fruits, originating in Central and South America, was introduced to China in the 17th century, and was planted in the 18th century. Now there are more than 80 countries and regions in the world as economic cultivation, the main producing areas are concentrated in Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, South Africa and the United States and other countries. China is one of the top ten pineapple producing countries, mainly in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and other hot provinces.
Role
Pineapple is rich in nutrients, containing a variety of vitamins, of which the content of vitamin C can be as high as 42 mg. In addition, calcium, iron, phosphorus and other rich content. Pineapple can be eaten fresh, can also be processed into canned pineapple in sugar water, pineapple juice, pineapple sauce and so on. In addition, pineapple processing by-products, sugar, alcohol, monosodium glutamate, citric acid and so on.
Pineapple as fresh food, golden flesh, rich flavor, sweet and sour taste, crisp and juicy. Processed products canned pineapple is known as "international canned fruit", can also be made into a variety of processed products, widely welcomed by consumers. Pineapple has an enzyme - bromelain, which can dissolve blood clots, prevent the formation of blood clots, reduce cerebrovascular disease and heart disease mortality.
Health Recipes
1. Pineapple Flatfish 1 can of pineapple, 1 flatfish, half a lemon, 1/2 tsp salt, 2 tbsp, 3 tbsp. Pineapple cut into small pieces, flatfish, wash the fish on both sides of two cuts on each side of the fish, evenly rubbed with salt, lemon wash and cut in half, take half a lemon juice for spare, 5 tbsp of hot oil, put the flatfish deep-fried until golden brown, serving plate, the pan, leaving 1 tbsp of oil continue to heat, put the pineapple pieces, and the starch, sugar and cook until thickened, served, poured on the fish, and squeezed with lemon juice can be
2. fruity shrimp shrimp 2 shrimps, pineapple 75g, 1 tomato, 1 green onion, 2 slices of ginger, 1 tsp cooking wine, 2 tbsp salad dressing, 1 tsp orange juice concentrate, lemon juice, 30g fine sugar, a little salt. Tomato slices arranged in a dish, cut long pieces of green onion, pot of boiling water, add green onion, ginger, cooking wine and shrimp Yu hot, fish out shrimp soak in cold water, scalding shrimp head, tail arranged in a dish, the middle section of the shell, cut in half, remove the intestinal tract, cut diagonal slices of pineapple cut small slices of pineapple and shrimp slices, respectively, cross rows of slices of tomatoes, eaten dipped in the mix of the seasoning can be.
3. pineapple fish pineapple 1, with skin Mandarin fish 500g, fresh peas 50g. pineapple wash, peeled, cut into pieces spare; fish wash, in one side of the gravel cross, and then cut into squares spare; peas wash, put into the pot to cook; will be put into a bowl of fish, add salt, cooking wine mix, then add wet starch, and then stick dry starch, so that the knife is separated; will be the pot set on the fire, add peanut oil heating. fire, add peanut oil to heat, under the fish fried through, with a leaky spoon out; another pot on the fire, add the right amount of peanut oil and hot, under the onion, ginger, garlic and pineapple pieces, green peas slightly fried, and then put people tomato sauce, sugar, cooking wine, salt, monosodium glutamate and water, boiling, thickening the gravy with wet cornstarch; frying pan is heated until the oil boils, in the pot of juice blanch the juice, add the fish, stir-frying a few times will be completed. This dish has the effect of tonifying qi and blood, spleen and stomach. Applicable to weak qi and blood, weak stomach, less food, spleen deficiency and diarrhea and other diseases.
4. Pineapple Chicken Pineapple peeled and cut into pieces, chicken thigh meat cut into pieces, with salt, soy sauce marinade, hot frying pan burst incense onion, ginger, add pineapple and green pepper pieces, and then the chicken into the mix stir-fry, dripping with water starch can be.
5. Pineapple and bitter melon chicken Chicken half of the chicken washed and chopped into small pieces, bitter melon seeded and cut into large pieces, pineapple, ginger slices standby, put all the ingredients in the pot, stewed for 40 minutes that is to become.
6. Pineapple almond jelly 500g canned pineapple, sweet almonds 100g, sugar 250g, frozen powder, almonds a little. Almonds slightly soaked in boiling water, fishing out of the skin chopped, ground into pulp, filtered slag; pineapple cut into small slices; frozen powder into a bowl, add the right amount of water, on the steamer steamed out, filtered dregs; will be placed on the pot on the fire, pour into the almond pulp, add frozen powder, boiled with high heat, and then into the almonds, stirred into a bowl, cooled into the refrigerator after freezing; the original pot cleaned and placed on the fire, add the right amount of water, sugar, and then put into the pot. After boiling, put it into a pot, cool it and put it into the refrigerator, then take it out and wait for use; cut the almond jelly into diamond shaped pieces, put it into the icing sugar water, and sprinkle pineapple slices into it. This food has the effect of moistening the lung to quench thirst, nourishing the stomach and generating fluids. It is suitable for lung deficiency and dry cough, stomach dryness and fluid injury; dry mouth and thirst, summer heat and thirst, dry stools and chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis and other diseases. Eaten by those who are not sick, it has the function of nourishing and strengthening.
7. Pineapple juice Take the pineapple mashed juice, half a teacup each time, cool water. It has the effect of clearing heat and generating fluids.
8. Pineapple drink Fresh pineapple pulp 250g, a little salt. The first pineapple pulp washed, cut into 3 cm square diced fruit, juice spare; take a large mouth cup, sheng people cool water 100 ml, add pineapple juice, salt, stirring after taking, 2 times a day. This drink has the effect of clearing heat and quenching thirst, in addition to the effect of annoyance, applicable to the symptoms of deficiency heat and thirst. Diabetic patients drink a lot of benefits.
9. pineapple cream fresh pineapple 3, fresh honey 1500 ml. Wash the pineapple and peel the skin, cut into 3 cm square diced fruit, squeeze the juice for spare; will be poured into the juice casserole, frying over a gentle fire, until the juice becomes toned, add honey, mixing into the paste that is made. Every morning and evening to take about 100 g. This cream has the effect of strengthening the spleen and kidney, suitable for the spleen and kidney qi deficiency, thirst, urinary disorders and other diseases.
10. pineapple milk watermelon peeled and seeded, cut small pieces of pineapple peeled and cut small pieces, into the juicer add watermelon pieces into the juice, filter out the dregs, poured into a cup. Add milk and mix well. Then add lemon juice and honey to moderate can be.
Propagation
Pineapple plant adaptability, barren, drought-resistant, less pests and diseases, is an important pioneer crop in the newly reclaimed mountainous areas, easy to cultivate, high yield, but also can be intercropped, is the development of the southern hilly mountainous areas, the development of the rural economy and to make the farmers rich in the good tree species.
Pineapple mu planted 3,800 ~ 4,000 plants, the need for seedlings, commonly used plasticin germination propagation, nutrient propagation and tissue culture 3 methods. Sprouting time and method: May to November selected with 40 cm long green leaves, usually Cayenne class 40 leaves, Philippine varieties of 35 leaves of the plant. Each plant with 250 mg / l vinyl plus 1% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride mixture of 25 ml of heart to promote germination, after treatment on the 5th day and the 12th day, respectively, and then 1200 ~ 1500 times and 600 times ~ 750 times the plasticizer solution 25 ml of heart. Nutrient propagation, commonly used in seedling cultivation, that is, the use of small top buds in the field, small bracket buds, small sucker buds and fruit tumor buds classified pseudo-planting in the nursery cultivation after going abroad. Seedlings are grown and cultivated by using the growth of small buttress buds left on the fruit stalks after fruit picking, and old stems are propagated by using old stem cuttings and old stems from renewed land. Tissue culture seedlings, using Ms medium, at room temperature 30 ℃, 12 hours of light or natural light culture room culture.
Pineapple high-quality and productive technical points: First, choose a good garden, choose to sit in the north to the south, sunny, rich in water, easy access to the land as a commercial production base. The second is scientific planting, before planting, the barren soil improvement, full base fertilizer; choose the strong seedling planting. Density, Caine class mu planted 3000 ~ 4000, queen class 4000 ~ 5000. Third, after planting to strengthen fertilizer management, fertilization, Guangxi per mu of nitrogen 42.2 kg, 26.8 kg of phosphorus, 38.5 kg of potassium, N: P2O5: K2O = 1: 0.62: 0.9; fertilization period, usually in December ~ the following year in February before the buds before the application of bud fertilizer, fruit picking in July to August after the application of the strong shoots of fertilizer; in the promotion of the bud fertilizer, shoots of fertilizer, fertilizer, between the fruit between the strong shoots of fertilizer fertilizer; every year, April, June, July, September Foliar fertilizer is applied once each year in April, June, July and September, and 2 times each in May and August, with 1% urea plus 0.5% potassium sulfate solution; base fertilizer is applied after fruit picking. Water management should be timely drainage and irrigation to prevent flooding and drought. Fourth, do a good job of other management, such as not affecting fruit growth and development, should be appropriate in addition to buds and buds; in order to promote the flower to promote flowering; in order to improve the fruit weight and quality to spray fruit, in the florets after all the flowers, with 50 mg / l erythromycin plus 0.5% urea solution to spray the fruit, over the 20 days of spraying the second time, spraying 70 mg / l erythromycin plus 0.3% urea solution. In order to make the fruit ripening consistent, fruit development to seven mature, with ethylene glycol 300 mg / liter spray fruit ripening.
The more serious invasive diseases that harm pineapple are heart rot, black rot, small fruit brown rot; non-invasive diseases are sunburn, deficiency disease. Pests include pineapple mealybugs, Chinese crickets and grubs.
Types and varieties
Usually, pineapple cultivars are divided into four categories, namely, Caine, Queen, Spanish and hybrids.
The Cayenne type, also known as Sarawak, is named after the French expedition that discovered it in the Cayenne region of Guyana, South America. Cultivation is extremely wide, accounting for about 80% of the world's pineapple cultivation area. Plants tall and robust, leaf margins without thorns or leaf tip with a few thorns. Fruit large, the average single fruit weighs more than 1100 grams, cylindrical, small flat fruit, shallow eye, bracts short and wide; yellowish flesh, juicy, sweet and sour moderate, soluble solids 14% to 16%, high up to 20% or more, acid content of 0.5% to 0.6%. The main varieties for canning.
Queen's lineage of the oldest cultivars, more than 400 years of cultivation history, for South Africa, Vietnam and China, one of the main varieties. The plant is medium large, the leaves are shorter than Cayenne class, the leaf margin has spines; the fruit is cylindrical or conical, the single fruit weighs 400 to 1500 grams, the small fruit cone protruding, the fruit eye is deep, the tip of the bracts more than the small fruits; the fruit flesh is yellow to dark yellow, the flesh is crisp and tender, the sugar content is high, the juicy taste is sweet, the aroma is strong, to freshly eaten mainly.
Spanish plants larger, softer leaves, yellow-green, leaf margins have red thorns, but there are also thornless varieties; fruit medium-large, single fruit weighing 500 to 1,000 grams, small fruits are large and flattened, the central bulge or depression; eye deep, orange-yellow flesh, strong flavor, fiber, for canning and fruit juice.
HybridsHybrids are good seeds bred through sexual hybridization and other means. The plant is tall and erect, with spiny leaf margins and lavender flowers, the fruit shape is less than upright, and the single fruit weighs 1200-1500 grams. Flesh yellow, crisp, less fiber, sweet and tasty, soluble solids 11% to 15%, acid content of 0.3% to 0.6%, can be eaten fresh, can also be processed canned.