"Jingyun Study" special exchange:

Song Shiguang: Lu Xun once said to young people such as Zhang Yiping and Xiao Jun that his philosophical thoughts are all reflected in "Weeds" . So "Good Stories" is a selection from "Weeds", does it contain Lu Xun's philosophy? I think there is, and this issue is exactly the focus of controversy as to whether "Good Stories" is appropriate for sixth grade students. I wonder if you have experienced some of Lu Xun’s philosophy from it?

Zhou Rong: When it comes to Lu Xun’s philosophy, everyone seems to be afraid and dare not speak out. In my opinion, philosophers are not unapproachable scholars. They may see things more clearly than ordinary people, but if they restore them, they are still images of real people. So I think Lu Xun’s philosophy is still a view on life, Lu Xun’s understanding of how to deal with people. "Hazy" is mentioned in "Good Story", so what kind of state is this "hazy"? My understanding is that maybe he is half awake and half asleep. In this half-awake and half-asleep state, he can see a good story, but what I want to say is why can he see a good story in this "hazy" state?

The first paragraph of the article actually mentions that it was a "drowsy night" and "the sound of whipping was all around." Why can he hear "the roar of whips"? According to the records in "The Complete Works of Lu Xun", this time was January 28, 1925, the fifth day of the first lunar month, and firecrackers must have been set off outside. When thousands of families were celebrating the New Year, Lu Xun read "The Beginner's Notes" while he was half asleep and had a dream. He did not participate in other people's New Year atmosphere. Then I naturally thought that maybe he was lonely. Before I contacted him, his brothers had a falling out and moved away from Badaowan. Xu Guangping had not yet intervened in his life. Therefore, Lu Xun's period should be said to be lonely and painful. This is Lu Xun The state at that time.

Sun Leisheng: The word philosophy is very big. Is it traditional Western philosophy, or what we often call philosophy of life or philosophy of life? How should we cut it and put it on Lu Xun’s head? If we look at this article alone, there is a discrepancy between the opinions of the teachers just now and Teacher Song. That is, how do we understand "broken"? Teacher Song said that the "broken" ones are also good. He particularly admires the broken pieces, such as "the edges are as jagged as summer clouds, embedded with sunlight, emitting mercury flames", which is obviously the author's favorite scenery. I agree with this. In paragraph 7 when the story really begins: "In an instant, they will retreat again." After retreating is the most beautiful moment. When all the beautiful scenery begins to fall apart, Lu Xun feels that the story has reached its climax. He Said: "The story I saw became clear. It was beautiful, elegant, interesting, and clear. There were countless beautiful people and beautiful things in the blue sky. I saw them one by one and knew them one by one." He seemed to be telling us that when the scenery The story is most clear when it is intertwined and fragmented.

This kind of expression, which is similar to the destruction of illusions and then returning to reality, is found in Buddhism and Taoism. Of course, I am not talking about what religion he believes in. When Lu Xun was in the most beautiful and best time of his dream, he chose to wake up. Good dreams are easy to wake up from, and colorful clouds are easy to disperse. Traditional Chinese thought has this longing for a better life, but at the same time it has a clear understanding of where to stand. I don’t know if this idea can be called philosophy.

Regarding the recitation content, how should students recite it appropriately? I think students should memorize it slowly. Lu Xun took the trouble to describe his thoughts in detail. Every image is related to a story. He had to memorize the best things in his heart one by one. Only by memorizing it slowly can he understand the meaning behind each image. story. After reaching paragraph 7, we find that the images have changed. "Thatched hut, dog, tower, village girl, cloud" are a few selected from the dozen or so images in paragraph 5. After these images are concentrated, they remind us of The first thing that comes to mind is not the story of Lu Xun, but "Border Town" by Shen Congwen. We feel that the writing styles of the two people are very different. Lu Xun's style feels cold and hard, while Shen Congwen's style is gentle. But I think the sentiments of the world are the same. Lu Xun may not think of these things when he is dreaming. Think of these things. The purpose is to return to your past and your hometown. What can your hometown offer you?

This is not the first time he has used this way of telling stories. When he saw Runtu in "Hometown", some words popped up in his mind instead of some things. What popped out was "Jiaoji" , "jumping fish", "shell", "猹". He also uses some dot-like words to replace the so-called stories, because behind each word there are a lot of stories. What are these stories? I think this story is not some specific story with plot and unforgettable as we think, but some very ordinary or even very boring story, but it is precisely this kind of story that can best inspire people who are moving forward in the dark. To relax or comfort people. I feel that it is very appropriate to come to Jingyunli today. The three words "Jingyunli" are our answer today. The whole story is "jing", the main image is "cloud", and "li" means hometown.

Looking at it this way, the so-called Lu Xun’s philosophy may also be: a good life should be a poetic life.

Song Shiguang: I have also found some materials here. Let’s take a look.

Lu Xun once discussed "Passengers" with Xu Guangping, who was still his student at the time. When they discussed "Passengers", the key words were "future" and "hope." Lu Xun once quoted Petofi's famous saying: "Despair is vain, and hope is the opposite." Same." In "The Scream" he also said: "Yes, although I have my own certainty, when it comes to hope, it cannot be erased, because hope lies in the future and cannot be proved by my inevitability. , I was impressed by what he said, so I finally agreed to write an article for him." So in "Good Story", did Lu Xun include the concepts of "future" and "hope" in the article? Does this article contain his thoughts on the present, future, and past?

Zhong Zhengde: I think it is quite obvious. In paragraph 11, Lu Xun said: "I really love this good story. While Broken Shadow is still there, I want to recover him, complete him, and keep him." "Recover him, complete him, and keep him." These three short sentences clearly show his pursuit of the beauty of his dream. I think the pursuit of beautiful dreams is a key point we need to discuss, because the more beautiful it is, the more it can express the pursuit of such dreams. So when I just asked a question from Teacher Song - what is "good" about "Good Stories", I actually have some reservations. Because the target of our teaching is junior high school students, if the height of the rise is too high, the junior high school students may not be able to understand it. On the contrary, it will cause a sense of fear and distance from Lu Xun's articles. Whether we can make some interpretations from a Chinese perspective and convince them, I think this is a very important point. For example, the sentence that the teachers just paid attention to: "Sapium tallow trees, new crops, wild flowers, chickens, dogs, bushes and dead trees on both sides of the bank, huts, towers, garlands, farmers and village women, village girls, clothes drying in the sun, "Monk, coir raincoat, sky, cloud, bamboo", what kind of punctuation marks does he use between these images? I think this is something that a junior high school teacher can step in and pay attention to. He used a comma. Why did he use a comma? I think what he might want to emphasize is that each of these things is an individual.

Let’s go back and look at the penultimate line of the fifth paragraph: “The shadows and objects all disperse, shake, expand, and merge with each other; as soon as they merge, they shrink back and return to their original shape. "All shadows and objects merge with each other", which means that these separate individuals live in harmony, but the following sentence "but retreats and returns to its original shape", several teachers think this is a kind of sadness. I don’t think so. I think that “as soon as it merges, it retreats”. Can the focus be placed on the later “returning to the original form”? What is the “original form”? Isn't the "original shape" just returning to the "sapium tallow trees, new crops, wild flowers, chickens, and dogs on both sides of the bank" that we saw before, all the way to the sky, clouds, and bamboos behind? In other words, these very representative rural cultures Whether it is buildings, people, or scenery, they are separate individuals, but they are also interconnected, and this is precisely the most harmonious way for people and people, and people and nature to get along in rural areas. It makes people feel very desirable.

And I think the fifth paragraph, "I seem to remember riding a boat through the mountain vagina..." This should be Lu Xun's recollection of a situation when he was a child. The beautiful scenes in childhood actually seem to be the best comfort for those who have experienced the sufferings of the world as adults. This is a memory that allows people to maintain an innocent heart in the face of difficulties. So I think paragraphs 5 and 7 are the focus of our study. The childhood experience in paragraph 5, to some extent, created the restoration of such a dream in paragraph 7, which is actually the yearning and pursuit of a better life.

Song Shiguang: Teacher Zhong believes that there is an echo between the yearning and pursuit of a better life and the beauty of the mountain valley scenery mentioned by Teacher Chen Tianqi. I think the emotions or thoughts revealed in "Good Story" can be summarized in three words: homesickness, nostalgia and hesitation. Lu Xun said in "Weeds·Hope": "Hope, hope, use the shield of hope to resist the attack of the dark night in the emptiness, although behind the shield there is still the dark night in the emptiness." So when we read " I really love this good story. While the broken shadow is still there, I want to recover him, complete him, and keep him." We will find that when the broken shadow of the dream disperses little by little, Lu Xun works hard to catch it. Hold on to it. If you can't catch it, remember it. I think what is conveyed here is a kind of persistence. Although he didn't have a clear idea of ??where to go, he tried hard to retain his hope and not completely despair. I especially appreciate these lines in "Weeds";

In such a situation, no one hears the cry of war: peace.

Peace….

But he raised his spear!

This is the image of Lu Xun. It vividly shows that Lu Xun maintained a fighting posture even though he was hesitant and confused at that time.