In China, people divide 15 days after the summer solstice into three "hours", generally three days at the beginning, five days at the middle and seven days at the end. During this period, the temperature in most parts of China was high, the sunshine was sufficient, the crops grew rapidly, and the physiological and ecological water requirements were more. At this time, the precipitation has a great influence on agricultural output, and there is a saying that "the rain on the summer solstice is worth a thousand dollars". In general years, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huanghuai area can generally meet the requirements of crop growth. "The Chronicle of Jingchu's Years Old" says: "There will be three rains in June, and the Tian family thinks that it is sweet and the city congratulates each other." It can be seen that people had a clear understanding of this rainfall characteristic more than 1000 years ago.
The custom of the summer solstice one
Winter Solstice jiaozi Summer Solstice The summer solstice in May of the lunar calendar (June 22nd in the solar calendar) is the longest day of the year. Sacrificial ceremonies were held in the Zhou Dynasty, which believed that plagues, famine years and people's hunger in the country could be eliminated. The customs of the Han nationality are popular in most parts of the country. Refers to the custom of eating cold noodles (strips) on the summer solstice (one of the 24 solar terms). Qing? Pan Rongbi's "Ji Sheng at the age of Emperor Jing": "It's a day, and home furniture eats cold noodles, that is, as the saying goes, the water surface is also ... The proverb goes:' Winter Solstice Wonton Summer Solstice Noodles'"
June 2 1 day is the summer solstice among the 24 solar terms, which is called "Winter Solstice jiaozi Summer Solstice Noodles". Delicious Beijingers pay attention to eating noodles on this day. At the moment of the return of folk customs, all foods that are related to the summer solstice festival sell well. According to the customs and habits of old Beijing, lettuce and cold noodles can be eaten on the first day of the summer solstice every year, because the climate is hot at this time, eating something raw and cold can reduce the fire and stimulate the appetite, without damaging the health due to the cold.
Old Beijing loves Zhajiang Noodles best in the summer solstice.
June 2 1 day is the summer solstice among the 24 solar terms, which is called "Winter Solstice jiaozi Summer Solstice Noodles". Delicious Beijingers pay attention to eating noodles on this day. At the moment of the return of folk customs, all foods that are related to the summer solstice festival sell well. According to the customs and habits of old Beijing, lettuce and cold noodles can be eaten on the first day of the summer solstice every year, because the climate is hot at this time, eating something raw and cold can reduce the fire and stimulate the appetite, without damaging the health due to the cold.
On the summer solstice, noodle restaurants in Beijing are very popular. No matter Sichuan cold noodles, Dandan Noodles, braised pork noodles or Zhajiang Noodles, all kinds of noodles are very popular.
In some areas of northwest China, zongzi is eaten in the summer solstice. In northwest China, such as Shaanxi, zongzi is eaten in this solar eclipse, and chrysanthemums are taken as ash to prevent wheat from being damaged by pests.
In the south, people are weighed to see if they are fat or thin. Farmers roll pancakes, baked, with vegetables, pods, tofu and bacon, and eat them after ancestor worship or give them to relatives and friends.
In some areas, on this day, many adult nephews and nieces go to my uncle's house for dinner, and my uncle's house must have amaranth and gourd to cook. It is said that eating amaranth will not cause hair loss, but eating gourd will make my legs strong. Some people go to grandma's house to eat bacon, saying that if they eat it, they will not be in summer.
Summer solstice custom ii
In some places, the habit of eating dog meat on the summer solstice is also circulated. Eating dog meat can strengthen the body. According to historical records, "Qin people use dogs to resist evil, and it is said that dog meat is suitable for summer solstice". It means that there are many epidemic diseases in summer, and it is suitable to eat dog meat in summer solstice to enhance resistance. Therefore, the custom of eating dog meat in the summer solstice has been inherited to this day. "Summer solstice dog, there is no place to hide." On the summer solstice day of the lunar calendar, Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, has a folk custom of eating dogs to dispel evil spirits and strengthen the body during the summer solstice for hundreds of years.
On the day of the summer solstice, in some farmers' markets in Yangjiang, most of the pork stalls in the past hung dog meat, and only a small number of stalls sold pork and dog meat together. Local market managers said that this farmer's market can sell more than 40 heads of pork on weekdays, but today is the summer solstice, and there are only more than 10 heads of pork as the main meat. In the morning, beef has not been seen on the stalls, because the local people have become accustomed to eating dog meat every summer solstice. "Hanging pig's head and selling dog meat" has become a unique landscape of the meat market in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province during the summer solstice.
Why are Yangjiang people so keen on eating dogs on the summer solstice? There is a local saying that eating dog meat on the summer solstice can dispel evil spirits, strengthen the body and resist the plague. "Eat the dog on the summer solstice, and the west wind will take a detour", which means that as long as people eat dog meat on the summer solstice, their bodies can resist the invasion of the west wind and rain, catch fewer colds and be in good health. It is based on this good wish that the unique folk food culture of "dog meat on the summer solstice" has been achieved.
Different from the folk tradition, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the scene of every household killing dogs on the summer solstice no longer exists today. However, every household's habit of eating dog meat remains the same, and the only difference is that they buy more food than kill it. The local people said that dog meat shops with bad business on weekdays can also make a full house on the summer solstice, and the price of dog meat has also risen sharply.
Sacrifice to God and Heaven in the Summer Solstice Custom
In ancient times, the summer solstice festival was as grand as the Dragon Boat Festival. From the Zhou Dynasty, every summer solstice, the imperial court held a grand ceremony of offering sacrifices to the gods to pray for disaster relief and prosperity. In addition to offering sacrifices, the imperial court also used songs, dances, rituals and music to pray for the peace of the country and the people. In the Song Dynasty, from the day of the summer solstice, officials in the DPRK would have a three-day holiday. In the Liao dynasty, women gave each other powder and fat capsules to remove the smell of sweat on their bodies.
The imperial court attached so much importance to the summer solstice that the people were no exception. Every summer solstice, farmers everywhere are busy offering sacrifices to the gods, called "offering sacrifices to heaven", in order to pray for good weather. This sacrifice to heaven is also different between the north and the south, and northerners pray for rain to prevent drought; Southerners seek more sunshine to prevent floods. Today, many areas still retain the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven on the summer solstice.
Shaving one's head and cutting one's hair are taboo in the summer solstice custom.
This was a custom taboo in the Qing Dynasty. According to the records in Qing Jia Lu, "The summer solstice is the turning point, and the sun, the second hour and the last hour are called' three hours', so people should live carefully, forbid curses and shave their heads, which is taboo ..." That is to say, on this special day of the summer solstice, they should live on time, and they are not allowed to swear, and of course, they should not shave. It is said that a haircut on the summer solstice will be bad luck.
Thunderstorms are the most taboo in the summer solstice.
People, especially farmers, are most afraid of thunderstorms on the summer solstice. The folk proverb says: "There is thunder in the summer solstice and drought in June; The summer solstice is rainy and hot. " For farmers who depend on the weather to eat, whether it is drought or hot weather, it will affect the harvest of crops. Therefore, in the old days, people hoped that there would be no thunder or rain during the summer solstice.
Customs in different parts of the summer solstice
Summer solstice is the earliest festival in China. Before the Qing dynasty, there was a national holiday on the summer solstice, and I went home to reunite with my relatives and have a drink. The Book of Rites also records the obvious phenomena of the summer solstice solar terms in nature: "When the summer solstice arrives, the antlers are untied, cicadas begin to sing, Pinellia is born, and hibiscus is glorious." It shows that at this time of the year, antlers begin to fall off, cicadas begin to sing, and Pinellia ternata and hibiscus gradually flourish and bloom. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the summer solstice is the season when the yang is the most prosperous. Health preservation should conform to the characteristics that the yang is abundant in summer, pay attention to protecting the yang, and focus on a "long" word.
On the day of the summer solstice, cold noodles are generally eaten in all parts of Shandong Province, commonly known as crossing the water, and there is a proverb "Winter solstice jiaozi summer solstice noodles". Cold noodles Yantai Laiyang recommended new wheat on the summer solstice, while Huangxian (now Longkou City, Yantai) cooked new wheat grains to eat. Children woven a delicate small hedge with wheat straw and fished it out of their mouths again and again in the soup, which not only ate wheat grains, but also was a kind of game, which was very interesting for farm life.
In Pingyin area, ancestors are sacrificed on the summer solstice.
Furi. After the summer solstice, the third Geng day is the first day, the fourth Geng day is the middle day, and the first Geng day after beginning of autumn is the last day, which is collectively called Fu Day. People in Furi have poor appetite and are often thinner than usual, which is commonly called "bitter summer". In some places in Shandong, raw cucumbers and boiled eggs are eaten to cure "bitter summer", and eggs are eaten in the morning of Furi, and no other food is eaten.
On Furi Day, Shandong people should improve their diet, and all people in eastern Jiaodong eat noodles. The long island folk song: "beginning of autumn (jiaozi) enters the couch." Yantai Zhaoyuan eats dumplings, Binzhou Wudi is used to eating noodles, bean soup and noodles, Jining Zoucheng likes to drink ice water, and some people go to Yishan cave for the summer.
There is a custom to improve the diet of cattle in Linyi area. Furi cooked wheat kernel soup for cows to drink. It is said that cows are strong and can work without sweating. The folk song says: "Spring bull whip, licking Niu Han (bull), wheat kernel soup, licking cow rice, licking cows without sweating, and staying up until June." It is the season of planting autumn vegetables after lodging, and there is a saying that "radish can be planted in the first place, and buckwheat can be planted in the third place".