Table of Contents 1 Pinyin 2 English Reference 3 General 4 Latin Name 5 English Name 6 Alias of Clamshell 7 Source 8 Place of Origin 9 Taste and Meridian 10 Effects and Indications of Clamshell 11 Chemical Composition of Clamshell 12 Pharmacopoeial Standard of Clamshell 12.1 Name 12.2 Source 12.3 Character 12.3.1 Clam 12.3.2 Clamshell 12.4 Clamshell Drinking Tablets 12.4.1 Concoction 12.4.1.1 Clamshell 12.4.1.2 Calcined clamshell 12.4.2 Determination of content 12.4.3 Taste and attributes 12.4.4 Functions and Indications 12.4.5 Methods of use and dosage 12.4.6 Storage and storage 12.5 Sources 13 References Attachment: 1 Formulas using clamshells in traditional Chinese medicines 2 Proprietary Chinese medicines using clamshells in traditional Chinese medicines 3 Clamshells in ancient Chinese books 1 Pinyin

gé qiào

2 English Reference

Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae(la) [Nomenclature Review Committee of Chinese Medicine. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]

clam shell [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Nomenclature of Chinese medicine (2004)]

3 Overview

Clam shell is the name of the traditional Chinese medicine, out of the "Original Materia Medica". It is the shell of the clam Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus or Cyclina sinensis Gmelin [1].

The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2010 edition) records the pharmacopoeial standard of this Chinese medicine.

4 Latin name

Concha Meretricis seu Cyclinae (la) (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))

5 English name

clam shell (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))

6 Alias for clam shell

Sea clam shell[2].

7 Source

Clam shell is the shell of the clam Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus or the green clam Cyclina sinensis Gmelin of the family Cyclidae [1].

Clamshell is the shell of the clam Meretrix meretrix L. or the green clam Cyclina sinensis Gmelin [2].

8 Origin

Clamshells are distributed along the coast of China [2].

9 Sexual flavor and attribution

Clamshell is salty in taste and cold in nature; it enters the lung and kidney meridians [2].

10 Clamshell efficacy and treatment

Clamshell has the effect of clearing the lungs and resolving phlegm, softening the firmament and dispersing knots, diuretic, acid production[2]:

Clamshell treatment of lung-heat phlegm and thick coughing and wheezing, chest pain, galls and tumors, scrofula, oedema, gonorrhea, spermatorrhea, leakage, bandhas, stomach pain and flooding of acid: decoction, 6 to 12 g, clam powder, must be packet decoction[2].

Calcined clam shells and research and coating for skin eczema, vulvitis, vulvar ulcers [2].

11 Chemical composition of clamshell

Clamshell contains calcium carbonate, chitin, etc. [2].

12 Pharmacopoeial standard of clamshell 12.1 Name

Clamshell

Geqiao

MERETRICIS CONCHA? CYCLINAE CONCHA

12.2 Source

This product is a member of the family of cordyceps, the clams Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus or the green clams. Cyclina sinensis Gmelin. Caught in summer and fall, remove the flesh, wash and dry in the sun.

12.3 Traits 12.3.1 Clam

Flabelliform or orbicular. The dorsal edge is slightly triangular, the ventral edge is arc-shaped, 3-10cm long, 2-8cm high. the top of the shell protrudes, located in the back, slightly in front. The outside of the shell is smooth, yellowish-brown, with a clear concentric growth pattern, usually with a serrated or corrugated brown pattern on the dorsal surface. The inner surface of the shell is white, the margins are not toothed, the anterior and posterior shell margins are sometimes slightly purplish, the hinged part is wide, the right shell has three main teeth and two anterior lateral teeth; the left shell has three main teeth and one anterior lateral tooth. The texture is hard, and the section is laminar. Gas faint, taste faint.

12.3.2 Green clams

Rounded, the top of the shell protrudes, located near the middle of the dorsal side. Outside the shell yellowish or brownish-red, concentric growth lines protruding from the shell surface slightly ribbed. The inner surface of the shell white or reddish, often with purple edges and neat denticles, the hinged part of the left and right shells have three main teeth, no lateral teeth.

12.4 Clamshell tablets 12.4.1 Concoction 12.4.1.1 Clamshell

washed, crushed and dried.

This product is irregular pieces. The outside of the fragment is yellowish brown or brownish red, with concentric growth lines. The inner surface is white. The texture is hard, and the cross-section has layer lines. Slight gas, light flavor.

12.4.1.2 Calcined clamshell

Take clean clamshell, lighting calcination method (Appendix II D) calcined until crisp.

The product is irregular fragments or coarse powder. Grayish-white, the outside of the fragment is sometimes visible concentric growth lines, crisp. The cross-section has layers.

12.4.2 Determination of content

Take about 0.12g of fine powder, precision weighing, placed in a conical flask, add 3ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, heated to a slight boil so that it dissolves, add 100ml of water and methyl red indicator solution 1 drop, add drops of potassium hydroxide test solution until yellow, continue to add 10ml, then add a small amount of calcium xanthophylline indicator, titrate the solution to the solution with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium titrant (0.05mol/L), and titrate the solution with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium titrant (0.05mol/L), and the solution should be yellow. Titrate with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (0.05mol/L) until the yellow-green fluorescence of the solution disappears and shows orange color. Each 1ml of disodium EDTA titrant (0.05mol/L) is equivalent to 5.004mg of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

This product contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) shall not be less than 95.0%.

12.4.3 Flavor and attribution

Bitter, salty, cold. Attributed to the lung, kidney, stomach meridian.

12.4.4 Functions and Indications

Clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, softening and dispersing knots, suppressing acid and relieving pain; used externally to collect dampness and astringent sores. It is used for coughing with phlegm fire, chest and hypochondrium pain, blood in phlegm, scrofula gall tumors, stomach pain and acid swallowing; externally, it is used for treating eczema and burns.

12.4.5 Usage and Dosage

6-15g, should be first decocted, clam powder packet decoction. Appropriate amount for external use, research very fine powder spread or oil mixing and then apply to the affected area.

12.4.6 Storage

In a dry place.

12.5 Provenance