Family toon buds planting 1, seed treatment: the best choice of red oil toon seeds, the variety of seeds with high germination rate, seedling vegetables of good quality.
Fresh toon seeds will be removed from the seed wings, soaked in water for 5~6 hours, sterilized with 0.01% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, and then continue to soak in water, during which time it is panned with 20~25℃ warm water for 2 times until the toon seed absorbs water and swells, and then dry the water control. Wrap the seeds with 3 layers of clean, wet cloth and place them in a container under shade to germinate, rinsing them 1~2 times a day with 20~25℃ warm water during germination.
General 4~8 days dew white, can be sown. 2, timely sowing: in the sterilized seedling tray flat layer of straw paper or non-woven fabric or gauze, etc., and then paved 2.5 cm thick perlite, will be catalyzed by the germination of the seed sowing on it, the amount of seed per tray about 150 grams, after sowing in the seed covered with 1.5 cm thick perlite.
Finally, spray wet with 20~25℃ warm water and put on the cultivation frame. 3, post-sowing management: after sowing, spray 20 ~ 25 ℃ warm water 2 times a day in the morning and evening, the relative humidity of the air to maintain at about 80%, to avoid the substrate holding too much water or tray waterlogging.
The first 3 days after sowing, the daytime temperature is controlled at 20~25℃, and the nighttime is kept at 12~15℃, and after the sprouts arch out of the substrate, the daytime is controlled at 18~23℃, the growth rate is slower when the temperature is low, and the growth rate is accelerated when the temperature is high, and the quality decreases, and it is easy to be lignified. : The difference between toon and stinky toon 1, toon: toon for the plant kingdom, angiosperm phylum, dicotyledonous plant class, primitive perianth subclass, rue order, rue suborder, neem family, toon subfamily, toon family, toon genus deciduous tree.
2, stink toon: stink toon for, plant world, angiosperm phylum, dicotyledonous plants, primitive perianth subclass, rue order, rue suborder, bitter wood family, stink toon genus deciduous tree.
Reference:
Toon bud cultivation technology-Baidu Encyclopedia.How to plant toon seedlings
Toon can be reproduced by both sexual and asexual methods, including seed reproduction, planting reproduction, and cuttings reproduction.
Seed reproduction:
In the past, the use of split-plant reproduction, seedling yield is low, only suitable for scattered cultivation; and seed reproduction can provide a large number of seedlings, which can be adapted to the intensive cultivation of toon and the need for large-scale development. Toon seed germination capacity of about 0.5a, 0.5a above the seed almost do not germinate. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the fresh capsule collected in the year, air-dried and rubbed, air-selected to remove impurities. The main points of seed propagation are: choose a good nursery; meticulous seed germination; timely sowing, cold and drought prevention; low-bed strip seeding, nourishing the bottom of the ditch; staging and timely fertilization; scientific water, through the spring drought; do a good job of pest control early.
1-soak seed germination: toon seed sowing per hectare needs to be 371kg, before sowing according to the proportion of seeds and water 1:3 in 20 ~ 30 ℃ warm water soaked 1 day and night after the fish out of the clean water, installed in the bottom of the mud pots do not accumulate water, covered with 2 layers of gauze, placed in a warm place away from the sun to germinate, the temperature is controlled in the 20 ~ 25 ℃, the seed thickness shall not be more than 3cm, or soak the old sacks wrapped in water to germinate. The old sack wrapped in water to promote germination. When 30% of the seeds cracked mouth white sprout tips, and fine sand or fine soil mixed evenly sown into the furrow.
2- Timely sowing: toon suitable sowing period is generally the end of March and early April. Timely early sowing, coupled with careful management, spring seedlings can be transplanted with leaves in the fall. Sowing row spacing of 40cm is appropriate, 18~300,000 plants per hectare, sowing strip furrow depth of 4cm is appropriate, after sowing mulch 2~3cm.
Split-plant reproduction:
It is also known as tiller or root tiller reproduction. It is the most common method of toon propagation that is suitable for sporadic cultivation by utilizing the root tiller to become a seedling. Toon has a strong tiller, lateral roots are distributed in the topsoil layer of 10cm, mostly horizontal growth, it is very easy to sprout tillers and form clumps of plants. After the fall of the leaves or before the spring sprouting, open a ditch or dig a hole around the mother tree, which can promote the sprouting of the root tiller, the fall of the year or the following spring can be divided and planted.
Rooting propagation:
Rooting seedling is to utilize the characteristics of the root system of Toona sinensis to form adventitious buds easily to propagate seedlings. This is an easy to operate, less investment, high survival rate, fast seedling, widely used seedling technology. The main points are: deep tilling of organic fertilizer, keep the soil in the nursery loose and moist; choose strong, productive trees or nursery strong seedlings, digging 0.5~1.0cm thick roots, cut into 15~20cm small sections for spikes, with the picking with the insertion of the mulch thickness of 2~3cm; seedling height of 10cm when the selection of a strong buds set seedling; seedling spraying of urea 2~3 times, and into the month of September and then spraying of phosphorus and potash fertilizer 2~3 times, to promote the lignification of seedlings; to promote the lignification of the seedlings; to use the root system of toon root easy to form the characteristics of indeterminate buds. The seedling should be sprayed with urea 2~3 times during the seedling period and then sprayed with phosphate and potassium fertilizer 2~3 times in September to promote the lignification of the seedlings; drainage and loosening of soil should be carried out in a timely manner during the rainy season; and the roots of the cuttings should not be watered to prevent decay.
Propagation by cuttings:
There are two kinds of soft cuttings and hard cuttings. The key to soft cuttings lies in the fullness of the spike tissue. Fully lignified branches rooting is difficult or slow rooting; branches too tender, easy to rot after insertion. Semi-woody or mostly semi-woody branches as scions have a high survival rate. To the root base or stem on the sprouting branches as scion, easier to root than the branches on the crown to survive. Specific method is: late June to early July, choose the main trunk from the ground 20cm, has entered the lignification of the branches, cut into 20cm or 10 ~ 15cm of the small section, the lower end of the cut into a slanting mouth, the upper part of the spike to retain 1 ~ 2 compound leaves at the base of the 2 pairs of leaflets, and the rest of the leaves are cut off. Cuttings dipped in 500mg / L of NAA or vitamin D12 liquid, according to 40cm * 40cm density inserted into the loose fertile moist soil, the border with a small arbor, maintain 85% ~ 90% relative humidity and 20 ~ 30 ℃ temperature, about 50d rooting. Hard branch cuttings in early winter after the toon leaves, choose 1~2 years old branches, cut into 15~20cm section, the upper mouth cut flat, cut from the top of a bud 1.5cm or so, the lower end of the slanting mouth. Spike bundled into a bundle buried in the bunker over the winter, the following spring to take out the lower end of the spike in the NAA500mg / L liquid immersion 2 ~ 4h, washed and inserted into the bed of pure sand laid in the bed of the sun bed, inserted after the cover film, the bed with a small arched roof, to maintain a temperature of about 25 degrees Celsius and more than 85% of the relative humidity. After a series of management, that year or the following year can be planted out of the nursery.
How much does an acre of land earn by planting toon
Toon mu yields about 2,000 pounds
Toon (scientific name: Toona sinensis) is also known as the toon buds, fragrant pile head, big red toon tree, toon days, etc., in Anhui area is also called the spring seedlings. The root has two layers of skin, also known as Tsubaki white skin, native to China, distributed in a wide range of areas north and south of the Yangtze River, for the neem family. Deciduous tree, dioecious, leaves in even-numbered pinnate compound leaves, panicles, bisexual flowers white, the fruit is an oval capsule, winged seeds, seeds can be reproduced. The tree is tall, in addition to Tsubaki buds for food, is also a preferred tree species for gardening and landscaping. Anciently called the toon as tsubaki, called the stinky toon as simaroubaceae. Chinese people have been eating toon for a long time into the habit, the Han Dynasty on the north and south of the Yangtze River.
Tsubaki prefers temperature, suitable for cultivation in areas with an average temperature of 8-10 ℃, cold resistance with the increase in the age of the seedlings and improve. With seed direct seedling in a 10 ℃ or so may be frozen.
The toon is light-loving, more tolerant of moisture, suitable for growing in the fertile and moist soil around the riverside and mansion, generally good for sandy loam. The suitable soil acidity and alkalinity is pH5.5-8.0.
How to grow toon trees
Toon cultivation and management techniques 1.Seedling The seedling of the toon can be used for asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction in two ways.
Asexual reproduction is the root tiller seedling and branch cuttings seedling generally used by the masses, its method is simple and easy to implement, management is also relatively easy, but the reproduction coefficient is small, it is difficult to provide a large number of seedlings quickly. Daylight greenhouse scale counter-season production of tsubaki buds need a large number of seedlings and concentrated, generally with seed propagation cultivation or tissue culture technology for fast propagation, but the latter in the actual production has not really been put into use, so the method of sowing seeds for sexual reproduction of seedlings is the main way of the current production.
Seedling: ①Seed selection and treatment: as far as possible to choose the climate and other growing conditions and the local more similar to the fresh seed. Before sowing needs to be done in accordance with the prescribed method of germination rate determination.
② seed soaking and germination: toon seeds before sowing must be soaked and germination treatment, the method may vary depending on the conditions of production, it is more difficult to do is to soak the seeds after the constant temperature germination. If the conditions are poor can be used as follows: container into the seed volume of about 3 times the volume of warm water (30-40 ℃), the seeds poured into the container and constantly stirring, the water temperature fell to 25 ℃ when replaced with new warm water gently scrub washing, washing and then replaced with warm water insulation for 12 hours, and then fished out the seeds, draining water, and 2-3 volume of wet sand Mixed, put into the warm kang or greenhouse germination, and then promptly adjust the temperature (about 25 ℃) and humidity (sand humidity to the hand into a ball but not dripping for appropriate).
About 1 week later there are 30% of the seeds dew white can be sown. ③ Appropriate sowing: toon likes warmth, sensitive to low temperature, bud sprouting temperature is about 8-12 ℃, above 14 ℃ can be normal growth.
The appropriate sowing period for spring toon is generally at the end of March to early April. If you cover the film after sowing, the sowing period can also be appropriately early.
Choose a fertile, loose, well-lit plot of land for nursery land, watering the bottom water before sowing, the ground skin dry in time to rake flat, according to 25 * 30 cm spacing ditch, ditch width of 5-6 cm, while the moisture along the ditch sowing covered with a 1-cm-thick moist soil. Sowing density of 3-4 kilograms per mu, mu keep seedlings about 15,000 plants.
④ Seedling management: 7 days after sowing without mulch cover, the seeds began to emerge, it takes about half a month to come out of the seedling. If you cover the film can accelerate the emergence of seedlings, but need to pay attention to prevent high temperature damage.
Seedlings start to arch the soil when the film should be broken in time to release seedlings, and press the mouth of the film to put seedlings. At this time, the seedling root system is not developed, coupled with sowing mulch shallow, and thus the most afraid of water shortages and cold, there are 3 true leaves to be irrigated once, it is best to spray 15-20 ℃ of warm water.
Seedling height of 5 cm after watering should be appropriately reduced, pay attention to mid-tillage loosening and hoeing, foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. 4-5 leaves when the seedlings.
After the seedlings to strengthen water, fertilizer management, cultivate strong seedlings. 6-8 months for the rapid growth of seedlings, but also to cultivate the key period of strong seedlings, this period should be combined with irrigation of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, and with the foliar forcing fertilizer; to promote the lignification of the seedling, to improve the ability to resist the cold, in order to form the full top buds.
In order to cultivate strong seedlings, to prevent the rainy season seedling futility, in June after the dwarfing treatment of seedlings, for the fall transfer to greenhouse production to lay a good foundation. At present, it is thought that the best effect is to treat toon seedlings with polyoxazole.
The method is: perennial seedlings from the end of June, the current year seedlings from mid to late July with 15% of the polyconazole 200-400 times liquid, every 10-15 days to spray 1 time, even spraying 2-3 times, you can control the futility, early capping and dwarfing, increase dry matter The accumulation of dry matter can be increased. 2. transplanting (1) material and vegetable seedling transplanting: for the development of garden economy and ecological construction of arable land can be used appropriately large seedling transplanting, choose a diameter of 1 cm or more, plant height of more than 1 m of strong seedling transplanting in the spring before the emergence of leaves.
The tree pit as far as possible to dig a slightly larger, 1 m in diameter, 0.8-1 m deep, apply enough fertilizer, timely irrigation. Autumn transplanted saplings, before the freeze irrigation full overwintering water, saplings to take proper anti-freezing measures.
(2) greenhouse vegetable seedling transplantation: winter warm greenhouse seedlings, generally in late fall after the leaf drop (mid to late October before the first frost) when the average daily temperature 3-5 ℃ seedling transplantation. First of all, land preparation, fertilization, bed, size row planting, rationalize the root system, such as the north-south direction for bed, should be small seedlings in the south, large seedlings in the north.
Planting spacing is generally 15-20 centimeters, the width of the bed 1 meter, each bed planted 3 rows, the density of about 8000-10000 plants per mu. 3. production management techniques (1) open ground toon to vegetable toon, every year to weed and loosen the soil, especially the fallow land planted toon, to combine with the loosening of the soil into the organic fertilizer and the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the use of a single plant planting (1-2 * 0.2-0.5 m) or clump planting (2 * 0.5-1 m, 3 per hole), according to the actual conditions of the planting.
For buds and material concurrently used toon, can be based on the actual determination of density, planted 2-3 years after the tsubaki buds are not harvested. When the tree is more than 3 meters high, the top is removed to promote the development of lateral branches.
(2) greenhouse toon Temperature control: temperature control in 18-25 ℃ production of toon buds of the best quality, late spring or early summer when the local temperature reaches 18 ℃ should be removed in a timely manner mulch, so that the sapling to accept natural sunlight. Temperature control: moisture management should be moderate, pay attention to too wet easily rotten seedlings, too dry is stunted, the ground humidity to hand pinch into a ball, let go of the dispersal of grains as appropriate.
Fertilizer management: bottom fertilizer in addition to sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the toon has a higher requirement for potassium fertilizer, each 200 square meters of greenhouse, need to add 2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 50 kg of grass ash. Topping branching: the fall leaf drop after moving into the greenhouse seedlings temporarily not topping, can let it produce the first crop of tsubaki buds, and can photosynthesis in growth to promote root growth, picking the second crop of tsubaki buds when topping pole, can be in the ground at 40 cm to cut, after the pole is sprayed with doxorubicin 1 time, in order to promote dwarfing and branching development.
After each picking of tsubaki buds should be topped according to the development of the tree, to ensure more branches, more long buds. Pest control: greenhouse toon is generally pest-free, in order to produce high-quality green products, it is strictly prohibited to apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides with residual toxicity.
Air disinfection can be used artificial high-pressure discharge lightning technology, every 10 days 1 time, 1 greenhouse at the same time in 3 places, both insecticidal sterilization and promote the effect of increased production. The main diseases in field production are: root rot, leaf rust, dry blight, powdery mildew.
Pests include brown-bordered green spiny moth, cloudy spotted aspen and so on. You can use zinc daisen to irrigate the roots, Bordeaux liquid, daisen ammonium and other spraying of the root base.
Control leaf rust with fossil sulfide and fenpropathrin. Control drying disease with tolbutamide and zinc chloride glycerin or 10% alkaline water.
Use lithosulfide and bole.
Toon tree planting methods
Toon tree planting methods are as follows:
1. Planting: choose dwarf high-quality, high-yield varieties, according to the requirements of the strong seedling, in the fall or spring of each year for greenhouse cultivation, each area of 200 square meters of greenhouse can be planted seedlings of about 1200 plants.
2. Planting: planting seedlings should be dug at the right time. When planting, according to the plant row spacing side row seedlings, buried soil, buried soil thickness than the root neck of the original into the soil can be slightly thicker, soil stamping solid watering 1 time to facilitate the slowing down of the seedling and to prevent the top buds from drying out.
3. Greenhouse management: be sure to pay attention to the curtain insulation, so that the daytime temperature is maintained at 23 ℃, 10 ℃ at night for the most appropriate. When the air is dry, spray water into the air, so that the relative humidity of the air inside the greenhouse to maintain 60% - 70%. At noon, the shed temperature exceeds 30 ℃ window ventilation.
4. Harvesting: greenhouse toon is very delicate, harvesting can not be broken by hand, to use scissors or cut with a knife. After harvesting, every 100-200g bundled into a handful into a food bag, sealed to prevent wilting. If you want to store temporarily, you can put the toon buds in a cool cellar or 0 - 10 ℃ indoor, do not pile up, to prevent heat defoliation.
How to plant toon seedlings?
Selecting new seeds Sowing with new seeds in spring, and germination tests should be carried out before sowing, if the germination rate is less than 30%, it can not be used as a seed; if the germination rate is 30% to 80%, it is necessary to increase the amount of seeds sown.
Seedbed fertilization Seedbed should be more organic fertilizer, 5~6 cubic meters of high quality farmyard manure per acre to do the bottom fertilizer. Then make a border of 10 meters long and 1.5 meters wide.
Sprouting Promote sprouting seeds. Spring seedling transplanting, mu seed amount is about 5 kilograms. Open field direct seeding, mu seed amount is about 4 kilograms. Germination method: put the seeds in warm water soaked for 24 hours, to be seeds absorb enough water, rinse with water twice, and spread on the newspaper dry. According to the number of seeds to choose a cardboard box, the bottom of the box to lay straw or rags, and then lay plastic film on top, and then spread the seeds thinly on the top, in the seeds and then covered with a layer of plastic film. Inside the box, a 25-watt light bulb, and put a thermometer, outside the box covered with quilts and other heat preservation. The first 3 days, the temperature inside the box can be maintained at about 30 ℃, and later reduced to 25 ℃. The height of the temperature inside the box can be regulated by increasing or decreasing the coverings outside the box. When the seeds have 1/3 dew white can be sown.
Sowing Seeds can be sown when the temperature stabilizes to 10℃. In the bed according to equal row spacing to open three shallow ditches 6 cm wide and 3 cm deep, water evenly along the ditch and sow seeds. You can also dig holes according to the 15~25cm spacing between plants, and sow 4~5 seeds per hole. After sowing, cover with fine soil 1 cm thick, and cover with mulch. After the seed buds come out of the ground, cut the film in time to lead the seedlings out of the ground. 7~10 days after sowing began to emerge, 15 days Qi Seedling.
After the emergence of the management of a watering, between seedlings. Seedlings can be watered and inter-seeded according to moisture conditions. Sowing, the first seedling can be according to the 2 ~ 3 cm spacing between seedlings, to the parallel seedlings, weak seedlings removed. Hole sowing, each hole to stay two seedlings. 4 true leaves when the second inter-seedling, plant spacing is maintained at about 5 cm, each square meter to stay 80 ~ 100 seedlings. After each inter-seedling should be poured 1 time pressure root water. The second is to set the seedling. When the seedlings are 10 cm tall and have 5~6 true leaves, you can set the seedlings. In order to cultivate strong seedlings with a diameter of more than 1 cm and a height of more than 1 meter, the spacing of seedlings in the open ground is 5-20 cm, the spacing of rows is 50 cm, and 5300-6000 seedlings are left per mu.
Mid and late management First, plowing and weeding, timely drainage after rain, drought should be timely watering. Secondly, fertilization. The first fertilizer in late May, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, 10 kg of urea water solution per mu. The second fertilizer at the end of June to early July, 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. In addition, in the growing season can also be used to concentration of 0.7% urea water solution for foliar spraying. Third, the seedlings will be dwarfed. Toon strong seedling standard: the current year's seedling height of more than 1 meter, the diameter of more than 1 cm, the terminal bud is large and full,
I want to plant toon how to do
1, temperature regulation
It is observed that the shed temperature at 25 ℃ or so, 24 hours of shoots can be long 3-4 centimeters; and 15 ℃ case, only 1 cm long; shed temperature more than 35
10-15 days after deducting the film is the period of seedling slowing down, should focus on raising the temperature, daytime temperature can be around 30 ℃. After more than 1 month of natural light temperature accumulation, bud sprouting, the daytime temperature control in 25-30 ℃, night control in 13-17 ℃, picking buds during the temperature to 18-25 ℃ is appropriate. Depending on the situation, add grass thatch, paper quilt to increase the temperature or heat preservation.
2, humidity regulation
The seedlings planted in the greenhouse, the root system has poor water absorption capacity, so it is desirable to maintain high soil moisture and air humidity at the beginning of the planting should be watered thoroughly, and then watered as appropriate. The relative humidity of the air is maintained at more than 85%, sunny days, but also to the seedlings spray water to prevent water loss and drying. After sprouting, the relative humidity of the air to 70% is appropriate, humidity is too large, not only delayed germination, and the aroma is greatly reduced, should be released in time to drain the humidity.
3, light regulation
Toon likes light, should try to use non-drip film, timely uncovering grass thatch during the day, paper was, but also often sweep the film debris to increase the light, if the light is too strong, can be appropriate to cover the grass shade.
4, hit the top to promote branching
In the picking of the second crop of toon, the top will be removed at the same time to set the dry (from 40 cm from the ground to hit the top). After fixing the stem, spray 15% polyconazole solution at a concentration of 200-500ppm to control apical dominance and promote rapid growth of branches to achieve dwarfing cultivation. Thereafter, according to the development of the tree, timely topping and forking, to ensure that the canopy is more branched, more tsubaki buds, to achieve high yield and high quality.
5, water and fertilizer management
Toon for fast-growing woody vegetables, water demand is not large, fertilizer to potash demand is higher, per 300 square meters of greenhouse, the bottom of the fertilizer needs to be fully rotted high quality farmyard manure about 2500 kilograms, 75-150 kilograms of grass ash, or 3-6 kilograms of potassium phosphate, diammonium carbonate, 3-6 kilograms. 3-6 kilograms. After each picking, according to the ground strength, toon growth and leaf color, appropriate amount of fertilizer, watering.
Expanded Information:
A, growing environment
Toon likes warmth, suitable for cultivation in the area of the average temperature 8-10 ℃, cold resistance with the increase in the age of the seedling tree and improve. With seed direct seedling in a 10 ℃ or so may be frozen.
The toon is light-loving, more tolerant of moisture, suitable for growing in the fertile and moist soil around the riverside and mansion, generally good for sandy loam. Suitable soil acidity and alkalinity of pH 5.5-8.0.
Second, the distribution range
Native to central and southern China. It is cultivated in the northeast from southern Liaoning, west to Gansu, north to southern Inner Mongolia, south to Guangdong, Guangxi, and southwest to Yunnan. It is especially cultivated in Shandong, Henan and Hebei.
Henan Xinyang area has a large area of artificial forest. Shaanxi Qinling and Gansu Xiaolongshan have natural distribution. Vertical distribution in the altitude of 1500m below the mountains and the vast plains, up to 1800m above sea level, hardiness zone 6-11.
Baidu Wikipedia-Toon
Is there a prospect of planting Toon now?
The question you are asking is answered as follows: Toon is also known as red toon, toon tree, toon bud.
Originally from the center of China, for the neem family Tsubaki. At present, the market demand for toon buds is increasing year by year.
The toon seed oil has high nutritional value, and after a lot of tests, the toon oil de-bittering process has matured, and is fully capable of developing toon edible oil. In addition, the toon wood can also make a variety of high-grade furniture, sports equipment, ship timber.
Its bark fiber can be used for papermaking, the fruit can be used as medicine. First, cultivation technology Varieties: China's toon has about ten cultivars, which can be roughly divided into two series of red and green toon.
As a woody vegetable, to choose red toon series is superior, such as red toon, brown toon, black oil toon, red oil toon, red bud green and other varieties. As for the green toon series, the trunk is straight, and it is suitable as a fast-growing timber species.
Seed harvesting: toon blossoms in May-June, the fruit matures in October-November, the fruit matures reddish-brown, and the fruit can be harvested for seed at this time. Should choose 15-30 years old tall and robust mother tree to collect seeds, drying and selecting clean seeds with a weight of 15 grams per thousand grains, germination rate of 40-50%.
Seedling: sowing seedlings in February-March, warm water seed germination, 3 kg of seed per mu, can produce 10000-15000 seedlings. You can take the method of burying the roots and leaving the roots to raise seedlings, which can produce about 20,000 seedlings per mu.
1 year old seedlings more than 1 meter high, can be out of the nursery afforestation. In addition, rooted seedlings can also be used for afforestation.
Farmers in the four side of the greening, it is often dug out of the big tree next to the root tiller seedlings for cultivation, the survival rate is very high. Silviculture: large holes to prepare the ground, 50 * 50 * 50 cm, bare root seedling, early spring afforestation.
The initial planting density of the timber forest is 2-3 meters apart; the initial planting density of the vegetable forest is 240-300 plants per mu. Management: young forests should be weeded and loosened, and enterprises 1-2 times.
Vegetable forests should be dwarfed and pruned to promote branch sprouting. Because of the rapid growth of the toon, the year of planting, it is necessary to dwarf.
It can take the way to take off the dwarfing, so that the tree height is maintained at about 1 meter. Toon in the second year of planting, can be harvested toon buds, 3 years later can form a certain yield, generally about 3 kilograms of fresh toon buds per plant per year.
After 5 years, the plant can be rotated into the flat stubble, each time 1/3, flat stubble when retaining the stump 30 cm, in order to promote the growth of more sprouting branches. Vegetable toon forest, every year per mu to apply have material 3-4 tons, every time after picking toon buds to chase the application of mixed fertilizer, to ensure that the toon tree on the demand for nutrients, in order to produce high-quality toon buds.
Greenhouse cultivation: around mid-October, dig up the 1-year live seedlings after leaf fall, transplant them in the greenhouse of the greenhouse, the planting density is 0.2*0.4 meters, and 75,000 plants can be planted in each hectare of greenhouse production land. Greenhouse cultivation of toon, can ensure the scale production of toon buds, and excellent quality, but the management requirements are also correspondingly improved.
Second, toon bud harvesting technology Harvesting time: toon buds picked too early, low yield; picked too late, poor quality. First-crop buds, that is, the earliest sprouting buds at the top of the branch, should be harvested at 12-15cm, which is the top grade of tsubaki buds, with good quality and color.
Second-crop buds, that is, the side buds sprouted after the first-crop buds harvesting, can be harvested at about 20cm, at this time, it is not suitable for the whole branch harvesting, to leave 2-3 leaves at the base, in order to form auxiliary branches, to restore the tree's strength. Tsubaki bud harvesting focus on the first and second crop buds, the third and later buds low yield, poor quality.
The sprouting of stick buds cultivated in greenhouse greenhouses is relatively neat, roughly 10 days can be harvested once, can be harvested 4-5 times. Harvesting method: harvesting tsubaki buds, it is best to take with a knife and scissors, try to avoid using the hand to identify the drop, so as not to injure the branch, affecting the re-emergence of buds.
Harvested tsubaki buds, bundled into a handful, small bag packaging, to prevent wilting. If you can't market immediately, you can soak the buds in water for 12 hours, and then place them in a single layer on a wooden shelf and store them for a few days in a 0-10℃ environment.
Toon how to plant, what to pay attention to?
Cultivation points Cultivation ① Common cultivation.
The reproduction of toon is divided into two kinds: seeding and planting (also known as root tiller reproduction). Sowing propagation because of the low germination rate of toon seeds, therefore, before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in warm water at 30-35 ℃ for 24 hours with a new high fat film, fished out, and then placed at 25 ℃ to catalyze germination.
Until the radicle reveals the size of rice grains when sowing (sowing the ground temperature at a minimum of about 5 ℃) Shanghai area is generally in early to mid-March. After the emergence of seedlings, 2-3 pieces of true leaves time seedlings, 4-5 pieces of true leaves when the seedling fixed, row spacing for 25x15 cm.
Branching propagation, can be dug in the early spring into the root of the plant seedlings, planted on the seedling ground, when the next year, the seedling grows to about 2 meters, and then planting. Can also be used to break the root tiller method, in late winter and early spring, in the adult tree around the digging 60 cm deep circular ditch, cut off part of the lateral roots, and then fill the ditch, because the root of the toon is easy to produce adventitious roots, so the apex of the broken root sprouting new seedlings, can be transplanted the following year.
Spraying new high fat film after transplanting can effectively prevent the ground water does not evaporate, the seedling body water does not transpire, isolation of pests and diseases, shorten the period of slowing down. Toon seedlings after breeding, are planted in early spring before germination.
If you create a large area of toon forest, the spacing between rows and plants is 7x 5 meters. Planted in the river canal, behind the house, are single rows, plant spacing of about 5 meters.
After planting, water 2-3 times to improve the survival rate. ② Dwarf and dense cultivation.
This is a cultivation method developed in recent years. Its seedling method is the same as the ordinary crop cultivation, only in the planting density and tree pruning is different.
Generally about 6000 plants per 666.7 square meters. Tree type can be divided into two types of multi-layer type and clumping type: multi-layer type is when the seedling height of 2 meters to remove the top, prompting the lateral buds sprouting, the formation of three layers of backbone branches, the first layer of 70 cm from the ground, the second layer from the first layer of 60 cm, the third layer from the second layer of 40 cm.
This multi-layer type has a higher trunk, full lignification and more stable yield. The clumping type is the seedling height of about 1 meter, then go to the top, leaving the new branch only to pick the young leaves do not go to the top buds, when the branch length of 20-30 cm and then wipe the head.
Characterized by a shorter trunk and more main branches.
Characterized by a shorter trunk and more main branches, the tree can be cultivated in a protected area.
It can also be divided into two kinds: one is to plant the dwarf dense planting of toon in the greenhouse (or pipe shed), and buckle the film by mid-November (referring to the southern part of North China). The other is the two or three year old seedlings that have passed dormancy are pseudo-planted in the greenhouse (or pipe shed).
The temperature in the room (shed) is maintained at 18-24℃ during the day, and the night temperature is not lower than 12℃, and after 40-45 days, the young leaves can be harvested. Cultivation and management Although the field management of toon is rough, but in order to make fast growth and high yield, it is also necessary to pay attention to fertilizer and pest control.
If the weather is dry, watering should be timely; every year to plow the soil, in the rows of the best set of green manure, in May, turn the pressure into the soil or watering of human and animal feces and urine. Pests such as toon caterpillar, cloud spotted aspen, grass crawling shellfish, etc., available borer bacillus and other pesticides; diseases such as leaf rust, powdery mildew, etc., available Bordeaux liquid, stone sulfur and other agents.
Picking skills Ordinary cultivation and dwarf dense cultivation of toon, generally germinated before the Qingming, before and after the rain can be picked top buds, this first - the first pick, called the first crop of toon buds, not only fat and tender, but also rich flavor, quality; later according to the growth situation, every 15-20 days, picking the second. Newly planted toon, up to 2 times, 3 years after the annual harvest of 2-3 times, the yield also increased accordingly.
As for the protected cultivation, through heating, winter can also be picked, such as not heating, can be supplied in early spring in advance of the tree buds. Toon dwarf cultivation I. Seedling 1.Choose high quality seeds: choose the new seeds of the year, the seeds should be full, fresh color, reddish-yellow, yellowish-white seed kernel, purity in more than 98%, germination rate in more than 40%.
2. Holding germination: In order to emerge neatly, germination treatment is required. Germination method is: with 40 ℃ of warm water, soak the seeds for about 5 minutes, stirring constantly, and then placed in 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ of water immersion for 24 hours, the seeds absorb enough water; fish out the seeds, control excess water, put on a clean reed mat, spread 3 cm thick, and then covered with a clean cloth, placed in a 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ environment of humidification germination.
During germination, turn the seeds 1~2 times a day, and wash them 2~3 times with water around 25℃, and control the excess water. When 30% of the seeds sprout, they can be sown.
3. Timely sowing: choose a flat terrain, light, well-drained sandy soil and fertile soil fields for nursery ground, combined with land preparation and fertilization, spreading, turning through. In a 1-meter wide bed according to 30 cm row spacing ditch, ditch width 5 ~ 6 cm, ditch depth of 5 cm, will be well catalyzed seeds evenly sown, covered with 2 cm thick soil.
4. Seedling management: about 7 days after sowing seedlings, not before the emergence of strict control of watering to prevent the soil from knotting affect the emergence of seedlings. When the seedlings out of the soil to grow 4 ~ 6 true leaves, should be inter-seedling and set seedling.
Watering before seedling setting, to plant spacing 20 cm seedling setting. When the height of the plant is about 50 cm, the dwarfing of the seedlings is carried out.
With 15% polyconazole 200~400 times liquid, every 10~15 days to spray 1 time, even spray 2~3 times, you can control prolongation, promote the dwarfing of seedlings, increase the accumulation of material. Combined with centering at the same time as the doxorubicin treatment, it can increase the number of branches.
Second, after planting management 1. Fertilizer: solar greenhouse cultivation of toon must apply enough bottom fertilizer. Each mu of high-quality farmyard fertilizer not less than 5000 kilograms, not less than 100 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 25 kilograms of urea, spread evenly and y turned.
Then the whole bed planting seedlings, general bed width 80 ~ 100 cm 2. planting density: planting density to each mu planting about 30,000 plants, plant spacing 15 cm, row spacing 15 cm appropriate. 3. Fine management: temperature management: the first few days without heating, so that the temperature is maintained at 1 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ in order to facilitate the slowing down of seedlings.
8~10 days after planting in the shed covered with straw thatch, uncovered during the day, the night cover. The temperature inside the shed is controlled at 18℃~24℃ during the day and 12℃~14℃ at night.
Under these conditions, toon shoots can be grown after 40~50 days. Hormone regulation: after planting and slowing down the seedling with twitching treasure for treatment of the upper 4~5 dormant buds of the toon seedling with twitching treasure positioning coated with 1 gram of medicine coated with 100~120 buds, coated with medicine can make the buds full, the shoots are strong and robust, and the yield can be increased by 10%~20%.
Humidity regulation: the first planted to the greenhouse toon seedlings to maintain high humidity. Water thoroughly after planting, and then water small water as appropriate, the relative humidity of the air should be maintained at about 85%.
The relative humidity of about 70% is good during the growth period after sprouting. Light regulation: daylight greenhouse toon production, there should be better light to promote growth.
Use drip-free film and keep the greenhouse film clean. 4. Tsubaki bud harvesting: toon buds in the right temperature conditions (18 ℃ ~ 24 ℃ during the day and at night.
Can the north grow toon trees
Toon likes temperature, suitable for cultivation in areas with an average temperature of 8-10 ℃, cold resistance with the increase in the age of the seedling tree and improve. With seed direct seeding of annual seedlings in a 10 ℃ or so may be frozen.
The toon is light-loving, more tolerant of moisture, suitable for growing in the fertile and moist soil around the riverside and mansion, generally good for sandy loam. Suitable soil pH is pH5.5-8.0.
Native to central and southern China. It is native to central and southern China. It is cultivated in the northeast from southern Liaoning, west to Gansu, north to southern Inner Mongolia, south to Guangxi in Guangdong, and southwest to Yunnan. Among them, especially in Shandong, Henan, Hebei planted the most. There are large areas of artificial forests in the Xinyang area of Henan. There is natural distribution in the Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi and the Xiaolong Mountains of Gansu. Vertically distributed in the mountains and plains below 1500m above sea level, up to 1800m above sea level, cold hardiness zone 6-11.