Most bony fish have swim bladders. The volume of swim bladder accounts for about 5% of the body. Its shapes are oval, conical, heart-shaped, horseshoe-shaped and so on. The gas filled in the swim bladder is mainly oxygen, ammonia and carbon dioxide, with the most oxygen content. Therefore, in an anoxic environment, the swim bladder can be used as an auxiliary respiratory organ to provide oxygen for fish.

The main purpose of the swim bladder is not breathing. Fish rely on the swim bladder to adjust their proportion. Through the swim bladder, they can slowly rise or fall without exercise. Most teleost fish have swim bladder as an organ to regulate buoyancy. The swim bladder was originally an expansion of the intestine. Some fish, such as the swim bladder of carp, are still connected with its intestine, while others, such as the swim bladder of perch, are completely separated from its intestine. If a fish wants to reduce its specific gravity, it will release dissolved gas in the blood into the swim bladder. Some fish use the oval shape in the swim bladder to inflate, while others use the intestine and the trachea connecting the intestine and the swim bladder. Similarly, fish can re-dissolve gas into the blood to increase their specific gravity. The swim bladder can also be used as a vocal organ.

Cartilaginous fish, some fish that live underwater and bony fish that swim fast, will sink to the bottom without swim bladder.

Protein, a biomacromolecule contained in swim bladder, is the raw material for human body to supplement and synthesize protein. Easy to absorb and utilize. It is stored in human tissues in the form of aqueous solution, thus improving the nutritional status of tissues and accelerating metabolism. It has been proved that foods rich in collagen can affect the physiological functions of some tissues through the binding water of collagen, thus promoting growth and development, enhancing disease resistance, delaying aging and resisting cancer.

Medical use of swim bladder

[Synonyms] Medulla (Qi Yao Min Shu), Medulla, Fish White, Swimming bladder (Herbal Supplement), Fish Glue (Three Causes Formula), Swimming bladder (Puji Formula) and Swimming bladder.

【 Source 】 Pseudosciaena crocea, Pseudosciaena crocea or swim bladder of Chinese sturgeon and bighead carp. For detailed animal morphology, please refer to squid, sturgeon and snakehead.

[Collection] After obtaining the swim bladder, cut it open, remove blood vessels and mucous membranes, wash it, flatten it and dry it in the sun; Or wash it for later use. After melting, it condenses into jelly, called gelatin.

[Medicinal Materials] Dried swim bladder is mostly pressed into round slices, which are light yellow, horny and slightly shiny. The swim bladder of yellow croaker is smaller, while that of sturgeon and locust is larger, with two vertical bands. Tough, not easy to tear, the fracture is fibrous; It is easy to expand when entering water, and it is almost completely dissolved when boiling. After cooling, the thick solution condenses into a highly viscous jelly. The smell is slightly fishy and light. Commodities are collectively referred to as fish maw. The swim bladder of sturgeon and bighead carp is called yellow lip belly or yellow sturgeon glue. Some cut into lines are called line fish glue. Zhejiang, Fujian, Shanghai and other places.

[Processing] swim bladder: Baked soft, cut into sections and dried.

Stir-fried fish glue with clam powder: firstly, stir-fry clam powder in a pot, then pour in the cut fish glue, stir-fry with low fire until the foam is loose, and take out the clam powder to remove it. (65,438+00 kg of fish glue and 2.5 kg of clam powder) "Ben Feng Jingyuan": When gelatin is put into pills, cut into small pieces, and clam powder is fried into beads, it can be ground. Honey refining and mixing must be cold, not mashed. It will be sticky and tough when pounded, and pills will be difficult.

[Sexual taste] Ganping.

① "Haiyao": non-toxic.

2 outline: sweet, flat and non-toxic. The gel is sweet, salty, flat and non-toxic.

3 "New Edition of Materia Medica": sweet and warm.

[Meridian tropism] New edition of materia medica: entering the kidney.

Indications: tonify kidney, replenish essence, nourish tendons and veins, stop bleeding, dissipate blood stasis and reduce swelling. It can be used for treating nocturnal emission due to kidney deficiency, postpartum wind spasm, tetanus, hematemesis, metrorrhagia, traumatic hemorrhage and hemorrhoid.

(1) Compendium of Materia Medica: The main bamboo and wood can't produce meat for a long time, with white sores on all sides and rotten thorns.

② Materia Medica of sea medicine: mainly used for treating food sores, vulvar sores, hemorrhoids and burning ashes.

(3) "Diet": take it with wine to eliminate tetanus.

4 "Outline": Swimming to stop bleeding; Collagen, flammable, can be used to treat dystocia, postpartum convulsion, tetanus spasm, hematemesis, blood stasis and detumescence.

⑤ New edition of materia medica: supplementing lean blood.

⑥ "Seeking the Original Materia Medica": nourishing tendons and veins, fixing hands and fighting, and fixing essence.

[Usage and dosage] Oral administration: decocted, 3 ~ 5 yuan; Boil or grind the paste into pills and disperse. External use: melt coating.

【 Suitable contraindications 】 People with excessive stomach phlegm should avoid taking it.

[choose the party]

① Treatment of kidney water deficiency and blood deficiency: one catty of swim bladder (stir-fried bran powder, ground into coarse powder, and then stir-fried), four ounces of tribulus terrestris, four ounces of angelica sinensis (washed with wine), four ounces of cistanche deserticola (washed with wine), four ounces of lotus seeds and four ounces of dodder (boiled with wine). Honey pills are as big as tung nuts. Two for each service, San Qian. ("exfoliating recipe" fish balls)

② Treatment of kidney deficiency and dream omission: 1 catty of yellow croaker gum (chopped, fried into beads with clam powder, and then fried with crisp milk), 82 ounces of Sabina vulgaris (soaked in mare's milk overnight, steamed in soup, baked or dried in the sun), and 22 ounces of Schisandra chinensis. Grinding into fine powder, adding the old wine into refined white honey, and boiling again. When the honey is ready, it will be as cold as a pill and as big as mung beans. Take 80 or 90 capsules each time, and take warm wine or salt soup on an empty stomach. ("Standard of Syndrome Treatment" Ju Jing Pill)

(3) Treating postpartum convulsion and rigidity is the wind entering the child's viscera, just like tetanus: one or two gels. Parching snail powder, and removing powder to obtain the finished product. Take it in three times and decoct it in cicada slough soup. (Economic Efficiency Produces Wealth)

④ Treating tetanus, choking diaphragm and rigidity: burn the fish glue for seven minutes, keep it for grinding, and add a little musk. Two yuan each time, mixed with wine, not drinking, mixed with rice and soup. ("Three Causes")

⑤ Treatment of hematemesis: Gelatin is eight inches long and two inches wide, and the yellow scraping is two dollars. Thirty-five sections of sugarcane were used, and natural juice was used to adjust. ("Experience") 6 Treatment of red and white collapse: three feet of fish glue, baked and ground, with egg cakes, good wine and good dishes. (summary)

⑦ Treatment of retrograde menstrual blood: fish glue (cutting and frying) and fresh cotton (burning ash). Two yuan each time, the rice drink is adjusted. ("Many things can be despicable")

8 Treatment of postpartum hematemesis: the glue is burning, and the wine and the boy's urine are adjusted to 35 yuan. ("Guangji Age")

Pet-name ruby toxic stool swelling and pain, has been soft: put the bladder glue in hot soup or vinegar until soft, while it is hot, grind it into powder and apply it. (Ren Zhai Zhi Fang)

Attending to cure the eight winds: the fish bladder is hot, which is the last. Lying in bed, I served San Qian onion wine. (summary)

⑾ Treatment of epilepsy: one or two pieces of gelatin (slightly baked, fried with white powder), one or two pieces of soap alum (fried with yellow), and cinnabar San Qian. * * * is the last. Every time you take San Qian, take two servings of hot wine. ("Song Yu Zun Sheng" was blown away by the wind)

⑿ Treatment of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer: swim bladder, fried in fragrant oil and crushed. Take 5g each time, three times a day. (Selected data of new medical methods of Chinese herbal medicines in Inner Mongolia)

[Discussion by famous experts]

① "Ben Feng Jingyuan": Hu Jiao and Shayuan Tribulus terrestris and Mingju Jingwan are the important drugs for consolidating semen. Besides, Fontaine's prescription is that the best way to treat hemorrhoids is to fry and grind blindly, mix with sugar, and take money knife every day. Hemorrhoids will wilt for a long time. Burn ash, treat postpartum wind shock, tetanus spasm, take it to nourish meridians, and the deficiency wind will relieve itself.

(2) New edition of Materia Medica: The swim bladder has thick glue, which can replenish essence in the kidney and is afraid of stagnation. If ginseng is added, the essence will be more beneficial, without the disadvantages of cementation.