202 1 what are the customs of Laba Festival in the north and south?
Beijing
Eating Laba porridge in Beijing is the most exquisite, and the ingredients inside are also very sufficient. There are some red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, ginkgo, etc., and there are not less than 20 kinds of them. Every household begins to prepare Laba porridge on the seventh night of the twelfth lunar month, and starts to wash rice and fruit. At midnight, it starts to simmer slowly, and the next morning, it can eat a bowl of fragrant Laba porridge.
Shanxi(Province)
Although Shaanxi is in the north, the customs are somewhat similar to those in the south. After cooking Laba porridge, ancestors are worshipped first, and then relatives and friends are sent away. This will take a while, but it must be delivered before noon, so that people at home can eat it after delivery. In Shaanxi, Laba porridge is also distributed to the poor, which is for their own good. In some places in Shaanxi where rice is not produced, make a bowl of steamed bread and share it with your family on the morning of the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month.
Gansu
In Gansu, Su Laba is the most important food. On this day, five grains and vegetables will be cooked together and distributed to the family, and the rest will be used to feed the livestock. After eating Laba porridge, fried dumplings and fried dough twists will be started. Make another bowl of bean porridge, which is called "soaked in bean porridge" in Gansu.
Customs of Laba Festival in South China
Guangxi
In Guangxi Province, Ciba is made every year on Laba Festival. After the local Yao people soak and steam the raw materials of glutinous rice, they put them in a stone trough and stir them repeatedly to make them into mud, and then knead them into Ciba. Do you think it is very simple?
Guangdong
The Laba Festival in Guangdong Province is quite special. The atmosphere of Laba Festival in Guangdong is very weak, because it has a great relationship with Guangdong's geographical location and living habits. In ancient times, Cantonese people mainly farmed, and they all fished for shrimp in the sea for a living. These ingredients for making Laba porridge were not cultivated, so it was difficult for a clever woman to cook without rice. In that era when the traffic was very inconvenient, they couldn't eat it. Therefore, most of Guangdong does not have the custom of drinking Laba porridge.
Some of them are in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province. They are Hakkas who brought the custom of Laba Festival from the north, but the ingredients used are already different. In the north, millet and red dates are used, and they use lily and lotus seeds.
Fujian(Province)
It is interesting to celebrate Laba Festival in Fujian: when drinking Laba porridge, you should put a lion made of fruit on the porridge, which means to ward off evil spirits. Some people will carefully carve it, making a lion body with crisp dates, a lion head with walnuts and a tail with almonds. In some monasteries, colored fruits are also used to make the Eight Immortals and Lohan.
After the Laba porridge is cooked, in the morning, we should worship God and worship ancestors first, and then give it to relatives and friends. After the delivery, the whole family will have a lively Laba porridge. Laba porridge can drive away cold and warm the stomach in winter, which is also very good for our health.
Hunan
In Changsha and other places, in addition to eating laba porridge, there is another kind called laba bean. The cooked Laba porridge is sacrificed to ancestors, and then distributed to family members to eat together. The leftover Laba porridge will also be preserved for several days, meaning "more than one year"
Laba porridge in Changsha is mainly sweet porridge, and the laba beans they eat are salty. In addition to Laba beans, in Laba Festival, eating fermented bean curd, beating gongs and drums and other customs.
The origin of Laba Festival
The most important festival in the twelfth lunar month is the eighth day of December, which was called "La Ri" in ancient times and commonly known as "Laba Festival". Laba is a sacrificial ceremony to celebrate the harvest and thank ancestors and gods (including door gods, household gods, house gods, kitchen gods and well gods) in ancient times. In Xia Dynasty, Laba was called "Jiaping", in Shang Dynasty, "Qing Sacrifice" and in Zhou Dynasty, "Da Wax". Because it is held in December, it is called the twelfth lunar month, and La Worship is called the twelfth lunar month. The twelfth lunar month in the pre-Qin period is on the third day after the winter solstice. Laba Festival is a festival to worship ancestors and gods and pray for good harvest and good luck. Later, Buddhism was introduced in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and in order to expand its influence in the local area, traditional culture was attached to Laba Festival as the Buddha's Day of Enlightenment. It is said that Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, also achieved enlightenment on the eighth day of December, so Laba is also a festival for Buddhists, which is called "Buddhist Enlightenment Festival".
At the same time, Laba Festival is also known as Laba Festival, Laba Festival and Wanghoula Festival. Originally, in ancient times, the ritual ceremony of celebrating harvest and thanking ancestors and gods (including door gods, household gods, house gods, kitchen gods and well gods) still existed in Xinhua, Hunan Province, except for the activities of worshipping ancestors and worshipping gods. Later, it evolved into a religious festival to commemorate Buddha Sakyamuni's enlightenment. The Xia Dynasty called La Ri "Jiaping", the Shang Dynasty "Qing Si" and the Zhou Dynasty "Da Wax". Because it is held in December, it is called the twelfth lunar month, and La Worship is called the twelfth lunar month. The twelfth lunar month in the pre-Qin period was on the third day after the winter solstice, and it was fixed on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The meanings of "wax" in Laba Festival are:
1, "La Zhe, Jie Ye", which means the alternation of the old and the new (recorded in Sui Shu Etiquette Records);
2. "Wax hunters hunt together" refers to the fact that wild hunting obtains animals to worship ancestors and gods. "Wax" is next to "meat", which means "winter sacrifice" with meat; Laba porridge
3, "wax, spring by epidemic".
Laba Festival, which comes from the twelfth lunar month, is the most important festival in the twelfth lunar month. The date is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. It was called Laba Festival in ancient times, commonly known as Laba Festival.
Why do you eat Laba porridge on Laba Festival?
There is a saying among the people, "Laba porridge is endless, and you will get a bumper harvest after eating it", and "freezing Laba porridge in cold weather will warm your heart". Laba has the custom of eating Laba porridge on this day, and Laba porridge is also called "seven treasures and five flavors porridge". China has a history of drinking Laba porridge for more than 1000 years. It first began in the Song Dynasty. On the day of Laba, whether it's the imperial court, the government, the temple or the people's house of Limin, Laba porridge will be cooked.
On this day in Guanzhong area, every household should cook a pot of "Laba porridge" and have a good meal. Not only adults and dolls, but also some animals, chickens and dogs, and some on doors, walls and trees for good luck.
The history of drinking Laba porridge in China has been more than 1000 years. It first began in the Song Dynasty. On the day of Laba, whether it's the imperial court, the government, the temple or the people's house of Limin, Laba porridge will be cooked. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of drinking Laba porridge was even more popular. At court, emperors, queens and princes all give laba porridge to ministers of civil and military affairs and attendants, and distribute rice and fruits to monasteries for monks to eat. In the folk, every household should also make Laba porridge to worship their ancestors; At the same time, family groups get together to eat and give gifts to relatives and friends.
The custom of eating "Laba porridge" on Laba Festival has a long history, and it has been rising since human beings entered the agricultural society. In ancient times, "wax" meant sacrifice. As far back as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China had the habit of sacrificing heaven and earth, gods and ancestors together, and called this comprehensive sacrifice "joint sacrifice". This kind of sacrifice expresses a simple and kind psychological activity of ancient people, which means: you should thank the gods for getting plenty of food and agriculture all year round! So I chose the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month to cook a pot of "Laba porridge" to pay homage to the gods, celebrate the harvest and wish a bigger harvest in the coming year. This formed the custom of eating Laba porridge on Laba Festival. In the process of the inheritance of Laba Festival, there is another legend that Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, ate porridge cooked by a shepherd girl with apple glutinous rice dumplings on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, and became a Buddha under a bodhi tree. People who believe in Buddhism in later generations will chant Buddhist scriptures and eat porridge on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, thus adding religious color to Laba Festival. In any case, people eat Laba porridge to celebrate the harvest.
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