In 2001, at the age of 14, Chen Weidong appeared in his first TV series, "Love in the clouds"; in the same year, he appeared in the urban anti-corruption drama "Loyalty", playing Gao Qiang; and in 2002, he made his debut in the movie "Fanny's Smile", playing his son, Xiaolong.

In 2005, Chen Weidong starred in the costume historical drama "Han Wu Da Di", in which he played the role of teenager Liu Rong; in 2006, he was admitted to the acting department of the Beijing Film Academy; in 2008, he starred in the ancient legendary drama "Jinyang Old Vinegar Workshop" with Jia Jingwen and other actors as well as appeared in the revolutionary TV drama "Zhou Enlai in Shanghai".

In 2010, Chen Weidong graduated from the Beijing Film Academy and starred in the costume movie Confucius starring Chow Yun-Fat and Zhou Xun as Zeng Sen. He also co-starred with Hu Ge and other actors in the movie The Xinhai Revolution, which commemorates the centennial of the Xinhai Revolution, as Pan Da Wei.

In 2011, Chen Weidong played the lead role of Liu Li in the youthful and inspirational "Police Cadet", and made guest appearances in the urban drama "Forever Loyal" and the historical drama "Open Heaven and Earth".

In 2013, Chen Weidong appeared in the period war drama "Three Righteousnesses in a Troubled World" as Suo Hongru; in the same year, he appeared in "Young Huo Yuanjia" and acted as Jinshu in the movie "Under the Cephalotaxus Tree".

In March 2014, Chen Weidong starred with Fan Yulin and others in the family criminal investigation ethical drama "Criminal Police War", playing Huang Yixuan .

In 2015, he starred with Guo Haolun, Mao Zijun, and Huang Shichao in the TV drama "Mission of Hope" as male number two Han Bing . In the same year, he starred with Zheng Qiang and Lu Anthracene Jie in the 3D horror film "The Life Prompting Talisman" directed by Zhou Xiaopeng, playing the male number one Sun Guang . Later, he starred in the 3D horror film "Tide Age" directed by Zhou Xiaopeng with Lu Anjie, Jiang Yi Yi, and Hou Di, playing the role of male number one Shao Bing. In addition, he also starred in the drama "The Years of Nostalgia" directed by Liu Yun with Li Zefeng and Zhang Tea*** as Ma Bohai (male number two) .

In 2016, he co-starred with Yu Hao Ming in the TV drama "The Bells on the Bund" directed by Guan Hu, playing Guo Achang .