Cultivation and maintenance

Solid seedlings start to blossom and bear fruit in about 6 years, late blossoming yield is low, the production of 2~3-year-old solid seedlings as rootstock, grafted before and after the spread of leaves. The planting should not be too deep, to the root neck of the seedling is good. Timely treatment of pests.

A, chestnut garden selection:

Chestnut garden should choose a low water table, well-drained sandy loam. Avoid soil salinity, low humidity and flooding, windy places to plant. In the hilly hillock to open up the corn garden, should choose a gentle terrain, soil layer thicker near the mountain area, and later you can gradually expand the development of less favorable conditions to the region.

Two, species selection:

Species selection should be locally selected and bred varieties of fine varieties of the main varieties, such as gun car 2, Chen Guo 1, etc., the appropriate introduction of stone abundance, gold abundance, sea abundance, green hair, soft thorns, summer red and other varieties. According to different edible requirements, should be fried chestnut varieties, the main, the appropriate development of excellent vegetable chestnut varieties, both taking into account foreign exports, but also to take into account the domestic market demand. At the same time to do early, medium and late varieties of reasonable collocation.

Three, a reasonable configuration of pollination tree:

Chestnut tree mainly by the wind pollen dissemination, but because of the chestnut tree has male and female flowers and self-flowering phenomenon, a single species is often due to poor pollination and produce empty buds. So the new chestnut garden must be equipped with 10% pollination tree. Practice has proved that the city of Xinyang with the summer red as a pollination tree is better.

Four, reasonable dense planting:

Reasonable dense planting is to improve the yield per unit area of the basic measures. Plain chestnut garden to 30-40 plants per acre, mountain chestnut garden to 40-60 plants per acre is appropriate. Planned dense planting of chestnut garden per mu can be planted 60-111 plants, and then gradually inter-row inter-plant thinning.

Five, reasonable fertilization:

Reasonable fertilization is the important foundation of the chestnut garden yield. Base fertilizer should be soil miscellaneous fertilizer, in order to improve the soil, improve the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, to provide a more comprehensive nutrient elements. Application time to pick fruit in the autumn after the good, this period of higher temperatures, fertilizer is easy to rot; at the same time this time is the new root period, conducive to absorption, thus promoting the accumulation of tree nutrients, the next year, the differentiation of the female flowers have a good role. Fertilizer to fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, fertilizer time is early spring and summer, spring Shi general initial planting of fruit trees 0.3-0.5 kg of urea per plant, fruiting trees 2 kg of urea per plant. After chasing to combine with watering, give full play to the effect of fertilizer. Summer fertilizer in late July to mid-August. This time to apply fast-acting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can promote fruit grain size, flesh full -, improve fruit quality. Extra-root fertilizer can be carried out several times a year, focusing on two times. The first time is the early spring branches at the base of the leaf in just carried out by the yellow to green, spray 0.3% -0.5% urea plus 0.3% a 0.5% borax, its role is to promote the basic function of the leaf, improve photosynthesis, promote the formation of pot flowers; the second is 1 month and half a month before the harvest at intervals of lO a 15 days to spray 2 times 0.1% potassium phosphate, the main role is to improve the photosynthetic efficiency, promote the leaves and other 12 official The main function is to improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote the transfer of nutrients from leaves and other 12 organs to the fruit, and have the effect of significantly increasing the weight of a single grain.

Six, irrigation:

Chestnut more like water. General germination and fruit before the rapid growth period of irrigation once, conducive to normal growth and development of fruit trees and fruit quality.

Seven, plastic pruning:

Chestnut tree pruning in winter and summer pruning. Winter pruning is carried out from leaf fall to the following spring before sprouting, it can promote the growth of corn trees and female flower formation. The main methods are short cutting, branch thinning, retraction, slow release, pulling branches and carve wound.

Summer pruning mainly refers to the growing season, wipe buds, centering, male and branch thinning, its role is to promote branching, increase female flowers, improve the fruiting rate and single grain weight.1, short cut: cut off part of the annual branches. Short cut can promote branching, enhance tree strength, compact crown, reduce male flowers, adjust the distribution of nutrients. For prosperous trees, prosperous branches can be used to delay pruning, such as sprouting after the short cut. 2, retraction: is a perennial branch short cut. Mostly used for weak growth, fruiting parts outward, the inner chamber baldness serious perennial branches. 3, branch thinning : that is, the branch, file light branch and the inner chamber of the slender branches from the base of the thinning. 4, hat cut : in different times of centering the new tip of the wheel marks near the winter short cut. In the new shoots on the wheel scar to stay through 2-4 small buds short cut called wearing a live hat pruning, such as the proper treatment, the cap on the small buds and the wheel scar under the big buds in order to produce fruiting branches. In the new shoots on the wheel scar does not leave buds short cut called wearing a dead hat pruning, so that the wheel scar under the big buds to produce fruiting branches. In general, the branch potential is not strong to engage in wearing a dead hat cut, branch potential strong to engage in wearing a live hat cut. 5, slow release: slow release is not cut. The main role is to disperse the nutrients, ease the tree. The prosperous tree more use slow release pruning. 6, pulling branches and carve wound: the crown did not use centering of the strong auxiliary branches, in the spring sap flow to the buds during the bloom will be pulled flat, and in the need to germinate parts of the buds above the carve wound, so that it draws a strong branch, to winter pruning, and then slow release pulling the flat branch back to draw a strong branch of the parts. 7, centering : When the new growth to 30 cm, the tip of the new shoots The first thing you need to do is to remove the top of the new shoots. Mainly used in peak branches, the purpose is to promote branching, early results. Pluck the heart 2-3 times a year. The new shoots of the fruiting branches of the first fruiting trees are long and vigorous, so when the pre-fruiting shoots grow out, leave 3-5 shoots to pluck the heart. Fruiting tips after centering can form about 3 strong branches, improve the proportion of fruiting branches, but also slow down the fruiting part of the outside, 8, in addition to male: only a few male inflorescences in the branch, the rest will be removed. Its role is mainly to control nutrition, promote the formation of female flowers and improve knot strength.

Eight, thinning and pollination:

Thinning can be removed directly by hand after the birth of small flowers, poor flowers, try to retain Mr. flowers, good flowers, generally retained for each fruiting branch 1-3 female flowers is appropriate. Fruit thinning is best done with fruit thinning shears, leaving 1 single bract on each internode. When thinning flowers and fruits, it is important to grasp the principle that the periphery of the canopy should be retained more, and the inner chamber should be retained less. Artificial auxiliary pollination, should choose good quality, large grains, early heat period, astringent skin easy to peel varieties as pollination tree. When a branch of male inflorescence or male inflorescence on most of the flower clusters on the anthers just from the green to yellow, in the morning before 5 o'clock in the male inflorescences will be taken off the spread in the glass or in the clean white paper, put in a dry place without wind, turning 2 times a day, the pollen and anthers will fall into a clean brown bottle for spare. When an involucre of three female flowers of the multifid stigma fully extended to the recoil yellow, with a brush or pencil with an eraser tip, dipped in pollen point in the recoil of the stigma. If the tree is tall and inconvenient to dip, you can use a gauze bag to shake and spread the method or spray powder method, according to 1 part of pollen plus 5 parts of yam flour filler ratios.