Lemony flowers (a) Overview Lemony flowers,,alias sword flower, measure the sky ruler, for the cactus family measure the sky ruler genus of perennial fleshy polypodium climbing herbs, to the flowers for vegetables. Lemon flower is sweet and slightly cold in nature, with the effect of clearing heat and moistening the lungs, stopping cough, can treat tuberculosis, bronchitis, cervical lymphatic tuberculosis, mumps and so on. The native of Central America, Mexico, Brazil, now the world's tropical and subtropical areas are cultivated, China's main distribution in Guangdong, Guangxi Province (District), Guangzhou, Zhaoqing, Foshan, Panyu and other places as the main producing areas, the dried products of its flower ware is a vegetable in the best, best-selling at home and abroad, Hong Kong, Macao, and overseas Chinese are often used to feast guests, but also in the food and beverage industry, a famous Cantonese cuisine. It is also a famous Cantonese dish in the catering industry. In addition to being a vegetable, it can also be used medicinally and as an ornamental flower, so the development of cultivation and utilization of royal flowers has a broad prospect. In Beijing, gardening departments and families have the habit of planting flowers for ornamental purposes, and there is a certain technical basis for cultivation, only that they are not consumed as vegetables, so we can popularize and promote the use of flowers as a kind of cultivated vegetable in "tourist agriculture". (II) Botanical characteristics 1. Characteristics The bottom part of the flower is a taproot system, and the above ground part grows upward with aerial roots, which are born in the stem. The stem is fleshy, dark green, with three broad ribs, triangular, with wavy edges. The stem is several meters to more than ten meters long, with small thorns on the edge of the stem for respiration and photosynthesis. Flowers are very large, funnel-shaped, 25 cm to 30 cm long, 6 cm to 8 cm wide, up to 11 cm when open, the outermost perianth lobes yellowish-green, the innermost pure white, the majority of stamens, stigma branched, creamy-white, like a blip. The fruit is oblong, red at maturity, about 10 centimeters long, with white, edible flesh. 2. Characteristics Lemony Snapdragon is light-loving, drought-resistant, heat-resistant, heat-resistant, sun-resistant, and not cold-resistant, so it can only be cultivated in protected areas in the Beijing area, and it requires a moderate temperature of 25-30 ℃ for growth, and growth is hindered when it is below 10 ℃, and it will be damaged by frost when it is below 5 ℃. The flower is resistant to pests and diseases, strong adaptability to the soil, even in the limestone gap can be rooted and grow, life expectancy of up to 40 to 50 years. (C) Cultivated species 1. Nanhai species [large yield] Originally from Brazil, Guangzhou suburbs planted more. Its stems are thicker, fleshy and thicker, with obtuse angles, large flowers, slightly fewer flowers, and brightly colored, high-quality flower vessels after processing.? 2. Zhaoqing species Originally from Mexico, Zhaoqing in Guangdong has a long history of cultivation, has been domesticated into local varieties. Its plant is slender, about 2 meters long, the stem is thin, tough and thick, adaptability is deep and strong. It has a large number of flowers with overlapping petals up to 30 centimeters long, and is of good quality. ? (d) Cultivation techniques 1. Cultivation methods In Beijing, suitable for "tourist agriculture" with greenhouse cultivation, greenhouse in the winter minimum temperature of not less than 6 ℃. In the warmer areas of the south, generally choose the waste land or wall or tree edge that is not suitable for planting other crops. Field planting is suitable for building raised beds or brick walls, 1.5 to 2 meters high, 30 cm wide, depending on the length of the terrain, or with cement columns on the frame. Before planting in the furrow into the compost or by the hair compost rotted livestock manure appropriate amount, and add phosphorus fertilizer, about 50 kilograms per mu. 2. Reproduction (1) Sexual reproduction Seedling transplantation by seed sowing. Sowing seeds. It is preferable to use pots for sowing, and the potting soil should be sterilized, preferably with finely crushed sandy soil in the hot sun for a few days, or sterilized by steam, or sterilized by ultraviolet light when possible, and then filled with pots, leveling the surface and standby. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 80% alcohol for 2 to 3 hours, take them out and dry them in the shade before sowing. Before sowing the seedling pot in another larger water basin, so that the water from the bottom of the basin hole immersed, soaked to the basin surface all wet and then removed, the seeds evenly spread on the surface of the potting soil, do not have to mulch, and no longer watering, that is, with a glass plate or plastic film cover to maintain humidity, and leave a gap to aerate the air, and then cover the top of the white paper, so that the basin is half-permeable to the light, and the pot is placed in the shade and the warmth of the place. When the seeds germinate, then transplant the seedling pots with soft light, so as not to be too dark and make the seedlings futile and weak. The temperature in the pot after sowing should not exceed 35℃ to avoid smothering the seeds. Generally at a temperature of about 28 ℃, 10 days or so can germinate. ② Seedling division. Seedlings can be divided 60 days after emergence, still cultivated in pots. Cultivation of soil preparation for the sandy soil 8 parts, 1 part of rotting soil or charcoal, 1 part of finely crushed charcoal, mixed and mixed pots. When planting, the spacing between plants is 3 times the horizontal stem of the seedlings. Use a bamboo knife to prevent injury to the seedling. Cultivate half a year and then transplant again, until the plant grows up before planting. This method but spends a long time, production is less used, only in the cultivation of new varieties used. (2) Cuttings propagation of the stem node cuttings of the king flower is very easy to root. Cuttings when choosing more than one year old fleshy stems, divided into 15-30 cm long segments, placed in a cool place to dry for 2 to 3 days, to be cut when the cuts long membrane before cuttings. Slant the cuttings into the soil, into the soil depth of about 5 ~ 10 cm. Northern cuttings in the protected area can be taken throughout the year, and the survival rate of cuttings in the spring is higher. 3. field management (1) watering cuttings after watering thoroughly, keep the soil moist, promote the growth of adventitious roots. After the cuttings have survived, they should be properly irrigated. The flowering period needs more water, can not be drought, but watering care can not make the ground water, so as to avoid rotting the roots. (2) fertilizer in the spring after planting a small number of plants flowering in the winter of the first year, do not need fertilizer, to the second year into the flowering period, should be fertilized 4 to 5 times a year. The first time in January to February, the pursuit of seedling fertilizer, prompting the emergence of new seedlings; the second in March to April, to promote plant stem fat and strong; the third in May to June, to promote the formation of flower buds; the fourth in the picking of flowers; the fifth in the harvesting of flowers after three times. Fertilization Fertilizer to organic fertilizer is good, such as chemical fertilizer should be compound fertilizer. (3) Pruning of the king flower after 3 years of cultivation, into the growth period, in order to prevent premature aging of the plant, to maintain the vigorous growth, every year to prune 1 to 2 times, not only the flowering of the old branches cut, in order to facilitate the ventilation and light, to reduce the consumption of nutrients, and to the tip of the stem below the shoots all removed, so that nutrients are concentrated to supply the top buds to grow, fully developed, elongation. The buds of the bulbophyte plant are characterized by apical dominance, and the two to three new buds at the top are vigorous, with many flower buds and high yield potential. (4) Disease and Pest Control Lemonflower is highly resistant to diseases and insects, and generally has few pests and diseases. However, if it is overwatered and the ground is often waterlogged, root rot will occur, which can be avoided by preventing waterlogging in cultivation. In terms of pests, after years of planting, due to the lower part of the plant is shaded and moist, sometimes there will be snails climbing on the plant to eat the young stems. Can use 8% snail killer granules, or 10% polyacetal granules spread, the dosage of 1.5 grams per square meter. A small number of occurrences can be manually captured at night. (E) Harvesting and processing and storage 1. Harvesting The flowering period of Lemonychia is long, and when the growing plant is in full production, the flower blooms from May to November every year, and there are 6 to 8 peaks of blooming in a year, which should be harvested at the right time because the quality of the product has a great relationship with the size of the flower and the time of harvesting. The appropriate period is 25 to 30 days after the buds appear. Lemon flowers open at night, so the harvesting time is preferred in the early morning of the next day after the flowers bloom. The harvesting time should be the next morning after the flowers bloom. 2. Processing and storage After picking the flowers, that is, with a quick knife to cut 3 to 4 pieces, put in the sun to dry for 2 days, on the steamer for about 15 minutes, take out of the sun to the hands of the non-staining when put away, storage for a few days and then half a day of turning the sun, cooled and packaged, about 32-35 flowers can be made of 0.5 kg of dried flowers. High-quality dried flowers of golden color, no mildew, consistent length, taste dry and fragrant. Processing in the event of rain, should consider drying, so as not to affect the quality of mold. (F) Edible methods Lemon flowers can be eaten fresh, or dried and eaten, mainly as soup, with pork, pork lungs, pork bones, etc., and add a few jujubes to make soup, with clear lung heat and nourishing effect. Fresh flowers can be used to cook with rock sugar water or stewed pork belly, fragrant and delicious.