The seeds are spherical, pea-shaped, about 7mm in diameter, yellowish brown to brown in surface, slightly shiny, with obvious raised reticular wrinkles. It is light and hard, the outer seed coat is fragile and easy to break, and the inner seed coat is tough. Peeling off the seed coat, you can see several layers of reddish outer endosperm, which is thick yellowish inner endosperm and oily. The two cotyledons are thin and large, close to the endosperm, and the radicle is at the smaller end. Full, complete and light green is preferred.

Microscopic identification

On the cross section of the seed, the outermost layer is a row of stone cells arranged neatly, inward is a row of flat rectangular cells, then inward is 10 row of irregular parenchyma, and inward is about two rows of closely arranged crystal layers. Almost every cell contains square crystals with a diameter of 3 ~ 9 microns, and some of them are as high as 13 μ m, and the inner cortex is a neatly arranged grid layer. The inner cell is the outer endosperm. Endosperm cells are closely arranged, which contain starch granules and aleurone granules in addition to fatty oil.

Chemical identification

Take 2g of coarse powder of Chinese parasol tree, add 0.5% hydrochloric acid solution 10ml, soak for 20min, filter, take filtrate 1ml, and drop 2 ~ 3 drops of potassium bismuth iodide test solution to generate orange precipitate. In addition, 2 drops of silicotungstic acid test solution were added dropwise to 2ml of filtrate to produce milky white precipitate.

Brief introduction of French phoenix tree

Introduction of French phoenix tree and China phoenix tree-French phoenix tree is a world-famous street tree, which can often be seen in parks and roadsides in China. Now it is cultivated in Dalian, Beijing and Hebei in the north, Shaanxi and Gansu in the west, Sichuan and Yunnan in the southwest, Guangdong in the south and coastal provinces in the east. In Nanjing, people call it "Fatong" or "Fawu" for short, but it is neither a French phoenix tree nor a French phoenix tree, and the French phoenix tree we often say actually refers to "China phoenix tree". The "Platanus acerifolia" that people are used to talking about is just one kind of Platanus acerifolia. It turns out that there are 8 species of Platanus acerifolia, which are native to North America, Mexico, the Mediterranean and India. Three species were introduced to China for cultivation. There are/kloc-0 cones, 2 cones and more than 3 cones in the fruit stalk of Platanus acerifolia, so the names are different. They are called Platanus acerifolia, Platanus acerifolia and Platanus acerifolia, and they are three different species. Li's story can be summarized as: 1, Platanus orientalis (native to North America, commonly known as "Platanus orientalis" or "Platanus orientalis") 2, Platanus orientalis (commonly known as "Platanus orientalis" or "Platanus orientalis") 3. It turns out that this kind of tree, with leaves like phoenix tree, is mistaken for phoenix tree by everyone. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, in Oxford, England, people used Platanus acerifolia (also called American Platanus acerifolia) and Platanus acerifolia (also called French Platanus acerifolia) as parents to cross into Platanus acerifolia, which was named "British Platanus acerifolia". Because it is a hybrid, there is no origin. After extensive cultivation in Europe, the French brought it to Shanghai and planted it on Joffrey Avenue (now Huaihai Middle Road as a street tree). People call it "French phoenix tree", and people follow suit and regard it as phoenix tree. It is believed that many children who grew up or played in Nanjing will play with the fruit of the French phoenix tree (1925, to commemorate the construction of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, roadside trees, namely the French phoenix tree, were planted on both sides of Zhongshan Avenue and Lingyuan Road, and then there were 200,000 French phoenix trees in Nanjing under the planning of the National Government). One is to blow off the hair on the fruit, and the other is that there is a net on the seed, which the children take down and say is a small fishing net. Rise of the Legend can often be seen under the French phoenix tree in summer, which is called "moth" or "marsupial moth" in entomology. This insect will use twigs and leaflets to spin silk into a bag to protect itself. It will spin silk and hang it from the tree. If the average farmer keeps chickens at home, he will catch the chickens, cut open the bags and take out the worms to feed them. Botanically, Platanus acerifolia is a deciduous tree with a height of 35 meters. Branches spread outward and the crown is broad and rectangular. Bark is grayish green or grayish white, peeling off. Near-species buds, simple leaves alternate, big leaves, palmately 5-9-lobed, densely stellate pilose when young, and then shed. The flowering period is April-May, and the head is spherical. Cones droop, usually two balls in a string. In September, the fruit ripens-10, and the nut has long hair at the base. Deciduous trees, up to 35 meters high; Branches spread out and the crown is wide; Bark is grayish green, irregular flake, pink green, and smooth after flake peeling. Leaf blade triangular, 9-15cm long, 9-17cm wide, 3-5 palmately divided, with irregular sharp teeth and wavy teeth at the edge, truncated or nearly heart-shaped at the base, stellate hairs when tender, and nearly hairless at the back. Globular inflorescence 2 in diameter. 5-3.5 cm, usually 2 in a string, shaped like a bell; The flower is about 4 mm long; Sepals 4; Petals 4; Male flower; Male flowers have 4-8 stamens; The female flower has six independent carpels. Flowering in May, fruit ripening in September -65438+ 10.

Brief introduction of China phoenix tree

The real Sycamore simple, namely "China Sycamore", is a Sycamore, which is also a deciduous tree with a height of15m. The trunk is straight and the bark is green and smooth. Originally from China, it is cultivated in all provinces in the north and south, and it is also a common street tree and landscaping ornamental tree.

"Flower Mirror": "Wu Tong, also known as Qingtong. The skin is green, the leaves are short of flowers, elegant and clean. The flowers in April are bright yellow and as small as jujube flowers. As a result in May and June, the pedicel is three inches long and has five edges. The seeds are decorated on it, ranging from five or six to two or three, as big as soybeans. "

China phoenix tree likes light, deep and wet soil and grows fast. The fruit is divided into five sub-fruits, which are divided into boats before maturity, and the seeds are born on the edge. There are two kinds of Chinese parasol trees, one is Chinese parasol trees. One is a phoenix tree in Yunnan. The bark of buttonwood is rough, gray-black, and the leaf margin is generally three-lobed.

The buttonwood trees in China are tall and burly, with knotless trunks, upright and upright, lofty and a huge green umbrella like emerald, with high momentum. The bark is smooth and green with dense leaves. From branch to branch, it looks elegant and clean. No wonder people also call it "Qingtong". The two poems, "A tree with green leaves stands erect in Chiba, Lv Yun Municipal Committee", vividly depict the verdant branches of China phoenix tree and the swaying shade of tung tree.

China phoenix tree is also a beautiful ornamental plant, dotted in gardens and houses, and also planted as a street tree. The leaves are palmately shaped and split like flowers. Summer flowers, monoecious, small, yellow-green, panicles, bright and bright when in full bloom. According to folklore, Phoenix is fond of the phoenix tree, and Li Bai also wrote a poem "Know more about the husband and wife's wishes, and hold the chair far more than before". In fact, this is just a hope for a better life.

There is another interesting saying about China phoenix tree, Li's story, to explain it to you: China phoenix tree can "know leap" and "know autumn". It is said that on each branch, there are 12 leaves in normal years, 6 leaves on one side, and 13 leaves in leap years. This is an accidental coincidence, but there is no such natural law. As for "knowing autumn", it is a phenology and law. "A phoenix tree leaves, the world knows autumn" is both scientific and poetic.

China buttonwood bark is turquoise and smooth. The leaves are heart-shaped, palmately 3-5-lobed, with a diameter of 15-30 cm, triangular lobes, tapering at the top, heart-shaped at the base, glabrous or slightly pubescent on both sides, 7 basal veins, and the petiole is as long as the leaves. The panicle is terminal, about 20-50 cm long, the lower branch is 12 cm long, and the flowers are yellow-green; Calyx 5 deeply divided to base, sepals strip-shaped, curled outward, 7-9 mm long, externally pubescent with yellowish color, only the base is pilose; Pedicels are as long as flowers; The pistil of the male flower is as long as the calyx, and the lower part is thick and hairless. The anthers of 15 gather irregularly at the top of pistil, and the degenerated ovary is pear-shaped and very small. The ovary of the female flower is spherical and hairy. Follicles are membranous, stipitate, and split into leaves before maturity, with a length of 6-1 1 cm and a width of 1.5-2.5 cm. The outer surface is short or almost hairless, and each hair follicle has 2-4 seeds. The seeds are spherical with wrinkles on the surface and about 7 mm in diameter. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruit ripens in10-165438+1October.

Main differences between French phoenix tree and China phoenix tree

The buttonwood tree in China is very similar to poplar, very straight (it can be used to make a kite), with triangular leaves and generally not thick trunk. In autumn, the leaves turn pale yellow, which is very poetic. The fruit is a spherical solid fruit with a diameter of about 4-5 mm and a thin shell. You can eat it raw or fried. It's only the size of a pea, and it tastes like a pea. It tastes delicious and can be picked in seasonal seasons.

The trunk of French phoenix tree is very thick (not very thick, thicker than China phoenix tree), and its leaves are triangular and star-shaped, but much larger. This fruit is too small to eat. Leaves turn yellow in autumn, which is definitely not as beautiful as China phoenix tree. The canopy is very large, and because the leaves are very large, it almost completely blocks the sunlight above the canopy, so it is most suitable for sidewalk shade trees.

The flowers of China phoenix tree and the leaves of France phoenix tree also have their own characteristics: the trumpet-shaped flowers are China phoenix tree, and one side of the palm-shaped leaves is French phoenix tree. There is also an interesting folk saying: the French phoenix tree will give birth to caterpillars, but the China phoenix tree will not!