On the development of rural areas, model essay 1: Reflections on the development of rural economy. Paper Keywords: scientific development of collectivized rural markets
Abstract: China's agricultural foundation is weak, rural development lags behind, and farmers' income growth is slow. It has become a prominent problem to be solved in China's economy and society. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: Be active? Explore effective forms of collective economy? Take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics. Collectivization is the correct direction of agricultural development, is it to promote agriculture? A second leap? The only way to realize modernization. Under the condition of socialist market economy, the development of rural market will bring new opportunities to the development of rural economy and even the economic development of China.
1. The rural collectivized economy is conducive to concentrating the advantages of resources, realizing the transformation of rural economic structure and accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside.
Collectivized economy is to establish collective planning and public management on the basis of public ownership of land. Everyone has the same rules, procedures and systems, with government departments responsible for implementation and villagers responsible for supervision. The cooperative economic development mode in which the village committee recruits professional technicians to take charge of technical guidance. Combine the actual situation of Scientific Outlook on Development and rural areas, give full play to the advantages of resources, and establish an integrated economy of agricultural production, agricultural product processing and agricultural product sales. It is the transformation from the original single agricultural product production to diversification. It is the entry of science and technology into the countryside. It is the rural areas that realize scientific farming, scientific management and scientific development, and the collectivized economy can concentrate on overall planning and coordination, improve the level of material technology and equipment for agricultural production, and promote the progress of agricultural productivity. It can organize resource development and coordinate resource utilization, and set up rural collective enterprises. It can organize farmers, serve farmers, flexibly adopt various business models, realize the self-help ability of workers, and play a supporting, intermediary and contrasting role in the newly emerging integrated construction of agricultural production, processing and sales, and in the setting and operation rules of internal and external relations. While the country is coordinating urban and rural development, studying and solving the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the overall economic and social situation, promoting agriculture through industry, and coordinating urban and rural development, the change of rural economic structure is particularly important. Rural collectivization economy can concentrate the advantages of land and other resources, vigorously develop high-quality, high-yield, efficient, ecological and safe agriculture, and improve the quality and competitiveness of rural peace. Realize scientific and technological farming and centralized management. Establish a tertiary industry to process and sell agricultural products. In this way, farmers' income has changed from single agricultural product production to agricultural product production, processing and sales. And can improve the quality of agricultural products and create their own brands. Open up sales and raise prices. So that new industries can be developed in rural areas.
In 1955 in 25 provinces and regions of China? Hundreds of counties and villages? The questionnaire survey shows that 74% of the cadres and farmers think it is necessary to establish and improve the collectivized economic organizations in the whole village. This shows that the collectivized economy is related to the fundamental interests of farmers and the all-round development of rural areas. I come from the hometown of potatoes. Although my hometown wins potato production, farmers can get little economic income from it. According to my analysis, there are the following reasons: (1) The traditional potato planting mode is still adopted, which makes the yield not high; (2) The variety of seeds is not changed frequently, which means that the same variety has adaptability in the same soil and is not suitable for growth. So that the quality and yield of potatoes are greatly reduced; (3) The economic structure is single, and farmers only plant potatoes, so the price is not high. Most of the profits are obtained by middlemen and processors. This makes farmers' income not high. If collectivization economy is realized in rural areas, it has the following advantages: (1) The planting mode can be transformed from the original traditional mode to scientific planting, and professional technicians can guide planting, which can increase farmers' knowledge of planting skills and realize scientific farming; (2) Establish a potato breeding base, cultivate excellent varieties every year, and let farmers plant high-yield, efficient, ecological and safe agriculture. Improve potato yield, quality and market competitiveness. (3) At the same time, processing and selling potatoes should be established to reduce the loss of intermediate profits. In this way, farmers' income will be diversified from single production to processing and sales. And can effectively improve the yield and quality of potatoes. It is the transformation of rural areas from agriculture to new industries. Create conditions for accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside.
2. The development of rural market is related to the development of rural economy and even the national economy.
In socialist China under market economy, the development of rural market is relatively backward. There are 56% people living in rural areas in China, and the development of rural market will bring unprecedented opportunities to social and economic development. The government should attach importance to the development of rural market. Encourage enterprises to develop rural markets, and rural areas will accelerate the transformation of economic structure, so that rural markets will develop well and rapidly. Severely crack down on illegal activities such as fake and shoddy products, maintain the order of the rural market, and earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Rural areas should actively accelerate economic construction, increase farmers' income, increase consumption, attract enterprises to enter the rural market, and accelerate rural development. The policy of expanding domestic demand to stimulate economic growth has brought opportunities to the rural market. Rural government departments should seize this opportunity and make great efforts to speed up economic transformation and increase farmers' income. It is the rapid development of rural economy.
3. Rural education is the cornerstone of rural economic development.
As early as 1978, Deng Xiaoping put forward the Marxist viewpoint that science and technology are the primary productive forces. It can be seen that education is related to the rise and fall of the country. The development of rural education is related to the development of rural economy, but the current rural education is backward. Farmers do not pay enough attention to education. A large number of children can't get a good education. It has an impact on the all-round development of rural areas. Government departments should strengthen publicity and education activities, so that farmers can truly realize the importance of education. Do a good job as the child's first teacher. Make positive contributions to children's growth and education. With the improvement of rural education and farmers' cultural level, rural economic development will also be accelerated. Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, the development of rural economy will win new victories.
The road of rural collectivization and the development of rural market are not only an economic issue, but also a question of the development direction of China, which is related to the future and destiny of every Chinese son and daughter. We should think and plan this problem and contribute to the development of rural areas. It's just my own idea.
References:
1 Hu Jintao. Hold high the banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and strive for new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way. People's Daily, 2007- 10-25( 1)
Model essay II on rural development: The present situation and countermeasures of rural reform and development Abstract Expounds the goal and historical overview of rural reform and development in China, and based on the analysis of the current situation of rural reform and development, puts forward the measures that should be taken in order to provide reference for the construction of new countryside.
Keywords rural areas; Reform and development; Current situation; measure
Cities are administrative, economic, cultural and commercial centers based on industrial production, while rural areas are areas based on agricultural production, with land and farmers as the main elements, which are independent and closely related to each other. Urban and rural areas are the two platforms of China's reform and opening up. Only when they promote each other can China's overall reform and development be carried out smoothly.
1 historical overview of rural reform and development in China
The goal of China's rural reform is to face the world and realize the privatization of land and the legalization of business entities; Facing the future, implement the reform of rural homestead, promote the transformation of rural areas into modern farms and reduce the agricultural population; Facing modernization, change the traditional management concept of agriculture and realize the industrialization and modernization of agricultural production [1-2].
China's agriculture has gone through the process of farmland-to-household management, people's commune collective management and then farmland-to-household management. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's urbanization rate was low, its industrial base was weak, and its cities were small. Most of our citizens could only be scattered in the countryside, and the vast countryside supported more than 80% of the country's population. Therefore, it is scientific and correct to implement the form of dividing fields into households in the stage of solving the problem of food and clothing in China. Later, the people's commune management mode violated the laws of nature, obliterated the development space and ability of people's individuality, seriously dampened the people's enthusiasm for developing agricultural production and hindered the development of rural productive forces. After the end, the party and the government brought order out of chaos, and based on the correct judgment that China was still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, the policy of farmland contract responsibility system was established in time, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers for production and greatly promoted the development of agricultural production, making China realize the transformation from food and clothing to a well-off society in a short time. In the planned economy period, the peasants were tightly bound to the land and lost the freedom of mobile entrepreneurship; Farmers and homestead are closely combined, and it is difficult to get rid of [2].
2 rural reform and development status quo
2. 1 A large number of rural people move to cities and towns.
First, the expansion of urban scale has provided space for farmers to move to cities. Farmers have settled in cities by buying houses in cities. Second, the operation of market economy, the development of urban industrialization and the prosperity of industry and commerce have provided a stage for farmers to find employment in the city, enabling them to find their own foothold, achieve employment and become regular members of the city; Third, after the implementation of the land contract responsibility system, farmers have more spare time, and most farmers choose to work in cities, forming a tide of migrant workers; Fourth, farmers' children have realized their dream of working in cities through the college entrance examination and other forms.
2.2 rural homestead disorderly expansion, serious waste of land and real estate resources.
First, because some rural people have actually become urban fixed personnel, and the idleness of rural real estate has caused waste of homestead and real estate; Second, farmers who come from poor areas to settle in more developed areas also build houses in villages, resulting in disorderly expansion of local homesteads and intangible waste. This makes the rural homestead area, which should have been reduced with the acceleration of urbanization, expand instead. Third, some old people in the city want to return to the countryside to live a quiet life, but they can't find suitable housing, because according to the current relevant policies, houses on rural homesteads are not allowed to be bought, sold or rented, which hinders the utilization of rural surplus real estate. The empty houses in rural areas show a rapid upward trend, and the lag of the reform policy on homestead is the main reason.
2.3 Agricultural production scale is small, and agricultural mechanization and modernization are difficult to achieve.
Because the rural land belongs to each household, there are many farmers and the scale is small, so it is difficult to use large-scale modern agricultural machinery, and it can only be cultivated by small machinery, which not only causes great waste of manpower and financial resources, but also hinders the realization of agricultural modernization.
3 rural reform and development measures should be taken
3. 1 Formulate scientific agricultural development policies
Under the condition of market economy, with the development of society and the rapid development of urban industrialization, the ideological trend of farmers entering the city will become stronger and stronger. In this regard, the state and the government should attach great importance to it. While giving affirmation, we should take advantage of the situation and give support from policies and funds. We should proceed from the development goal of rural areas. After the state's financial resources and urban industrialization reach a certain level, we should first consider canceling the dual structure of our citizens. At the same time, we should gradually establish a fair and reasonable competition platform in cities. Cities should implement the employment policy of fixed posts but not fixed personnel, implement the rational flow of urban population, and realize the independent flow of employment, so that farmers and cities can choose jobs. In addition, we should gradually eliminate the gap between them and urban residents in welfare and other aspects, so that farmers can get in and stay in the city, attract farmers to enter urban life continuously, and realize rural urbanization [1-3]. 3.2 Continuously improve the land circulation mechanism.
At present, the state has issued policies on land circulation, and governments at all levels should set up special institutions to allow land resources to enter the market, continuously improve the scale of land management and improve the utilization rate of land. Liberate farmers who are bound by land, so that farmers can easily enter cities and towns [4].
3.3 Reform the homestead system
Change the current policy on homestead, issue real estate license to homestead, and let it circulate in the market. In this way, the houses of the rural population can be sold to some people who need to build houses, so as to reduce the area of homestead, avoid the huge waste of land and real estate, and also make some city dwellers who want to live in the countryside have houses to live in, reduce the bearing pressure of the city and give full play to the maximum benefits of homestead.
3.4 The government takes the lead in rural urbanization planning.
The lag of government planning has caused blindness in rural population movement, and many unnecessary intermediate links have appeared, which are embodied in the following aspects: some farmers move from poor mountainous areas to plain areas first, then from plain areas to more developed areas, and finally to cities and towns. In every flow process, it is a huge waste for the country and individuals to spend money to build houses and buy houses and leave the original real estate land idle. If the state plans ahead of time and gives appropriate financial support, so that farmers can move in place at one time, unnecessary waste can be saved.
3.5 to speed up the pace of urban reform, with rural reform and development.
In order to promote the realization of the goal of rural reform, urban and rural areas should promote each other and achieve a win-win situation. The specific measures are as follows: cities should take the lead in implementing the employment system for jobs, and farmers and urban residents should treat the recruitment targets fairly; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen support for the non-public sector of the economy, continuously expand employment channels, and let more farmers go to cities for employment. On the premise of social stability, the workers in the city should gradually realize the development from formal fixed occupation to independent mobile employment, which is not only conducive to the realization of individual value, but also increases the flexibility of farmers' employment. In short, accelerating the interaction between urban and rural areas and providing conditions for farmers to enter the city will certainly promote rural reform and development.
4 references
[1] Zhang Xiaoshan. What is the new situation facing rural reform and development? Interpretation? Eleventh five-year plan? Important contents of the proposal on new rural construction [J]. Reform in China, 2005( 12):29-3 1.
[2] Ding Dezhang. Reflections on China's current rural economic reform and development [J]. Journal of Chengdu Administration College, 2003, 10(4):25-28.
[3] Kang Jiusheng. The inevitable choice and deep breakthrough of rural economic reform and development [J]. Agricultural economic problems, 1999(8):5 1-53.
[4] Han Jun. New stage and new ideas of rural economic reform and development in China [J]. Rural economy in China,1999 (5): 4-1.
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2. New rural economic development papers
3. Papers on rural economic development
4. The current situation of agricultural and rural development
5. Introduction to Rural Development
6. Talking about the rural cultural construction papers
7. On the rural grass-roots party building papers
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