On August 2nd, Xiao Yu, who lives in Beijing, and his family visited Tianma Bath in Nandaihe. They were stung by jellyfish, resulting in acute pulmonary edema, leg swelling and red ecchymosis on their thighs. They died that afternoon after receiving treatment. Recently, many tourists were stung while playing in Nandaihe. How poisonous are jellyfish?

jellyfish

Jellyfish (jellyfish, or jellyfish, nettle) H m: Izhé ㄏㄞㄓㄜ (red jellyfish)? Coelenterates. The umbrella bulges like steamed bread, with a diameter of 50 cm and a maximum of one meter. Chewing gum is hard, usually blue-green. The tentacles are milky white. There are eight mouths and wrists, divided into many petals. Widely distributed in the north and south seas of China. It can be eaten or used as medicine.

Jellyfish toxicity

Jellyfish venom can cause different degrees of harm to human body. For example, sea wasp jellyfish can secrete venom similar to cobra, which is the most harmful to human beings and can kill people within 5 minutes after being stung. Jellyfish contain "hypnotic toxin", which is composed of peptide, protein and nitrogen. After stinging the human body, the patient can only get rid of the pain for many days. There are common jellyfish floating in the Yellow Sea off the coast of China, which can secrete peptide poison. Jellyfish toxins are stored and distributed in gill boxes. The 65,438+0g card box contains 55 million single-needle card boxes. Generally, after fishing, its toxicity can disappear quickly after processing. Animal experiments have proved that jellyfish toxin is harmful to the emotional conduction system of mammals and the heart of crustaceans, and can cause contraction of small intestinal smooth muscle in rats. It is found that jellyfish toxin is tetramine complex, 5- hydroxytryptamine and polypeptide, which has strong histamine reaction. Its effects of dilating blood vessels and enhancing capillary permeability are 10 and 15 times that of 5- hydroxytryptamine respectively. It can also cause smooth muscle contraction or allergic reaction, leading to severe pulmonary edema and anaphylactic shock. After being stung by jellyfish, people have different symptoms due to different toxicity, toxins and individual sensitivity.

Poisoning symptom

The thin and tender parts of human skin are most likely to be stung. Generally, electric shock-like tingling can occur in a few minutes, and electric shock-like tingling will gradually appear in the injured part after a few hours. After a few hours, the injured part will gradually appear linear blood rash with erythema, which is itchy and burning, and can heal itself in about 20 days. Patients with strong sensitivity may have erythema, edema, wheal, blisters, ecchymosis and even epidermal necrosis. The general manifestations of patients may include fidgeting, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhea, listlessness, chest tightness and shortness of breath. In severe cases, cough, asthma, vomiting of white or pink foam sputum, accompanied by signs of anaphylactic shock such as weak pulse, cyanosis of skin and decreased blood pressure. If the rescue is not timely, this stinger can die in a short time.

Stinging statistics

China has a vast sea area, and a considerable number of jellyfish stings occur from July to September every year. In the past, it was mainly fishermen who caught jellyfish and patients who were stung by swimming at the seaside. For example, in recent years, more than 3,400 people have been stung by Qinhuangdao seaside. According to the statistics of Beidaihe Seaside Hospital, a tourist resort, during the five years from 65438 to 0989, 3030 cases of * * * were treated, of which 0.3% were fulminant allergic pulmonary edema and 4 cases died (all severe shock).

situation

1On July 29th, 987, strong winds blew a large number of jellyfish to Beidaihe Beach. Jellyfish's long tentacles are like a girl's hair, and its round head is as lovely as jade. Shrinking swimming is more natural and charming. Many people who take a bath are confused by it and have to grab it and hug it with their hands. However, it was in this "intimate hug" that more than 600 people were stung; A young woman named Li Yunfen was extremely poisoned and died after being rescued.

Prevention of sting

The most important thing to prevent jellyfish stings is to avoid contact with jellyfish, especially fishermen should do personal protection and not be careless. Try to use tools when fishing, and don't touch jellyfish whiskers directly. People with certain sensitive physique should be prohibited from working in the sea. During the jellyfish flood season, buoy fences should be set up in seaside tourist destinations, and eye-catching publicity and warning signs should be set up at the seaside to cooperate with the publicity and broadcasting of popular science education to prevent injuries and improve tourists' knowledge and ability of self-protection. People who swim or take a boat in the sea should never touch jellyfish, let alone catch them, because once an accident happens at sea, it is more difficult to rescue them. Once bitten by a jellyfish, the injured must not panic. As long as you go to the hospital for treatment in time, you will generally get better and recover quickly. On the other hand, if the stung person acts improperly or negligently, it is easy to drown and fall, or it will be dangerous and aggravate the condition due to the delay of treatment.

Medical staff reminded: Never catch or touch jellyfish floating in the sea. Once stung by jellyfish, don't wash it with fresh water, because fresh water will prompt the stinging cells to release venom. Wipe the tentacles or venom attached to the skin with towels, clothes and mud as soon as possible, and clean the wound with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or alum. If the injury area is large and the systemic reaction is serious, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time.

Don't wash the jellyfish with clean water after stinging.

Yesterday, the medical staff of the jellyfish clinic of Beidaihe People's Hospital reminded: Never catch or touch jellyfish floating in seawater. Once stung by jellyfish, don't wash it with fresh water, because fresh water will prompt the stinging cells to release venom. Wipe the tentacles or venom attached to the skin with towels, clothes and mud as soon as possible, and clean the wound with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or alum. If the injury area is large and the systemic reaction is serious, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time.

Relevant information and pictures are all from the Internet: through Baidu search.

Relevant reference sources are as follows:

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