Huainanzi [huái nán zǐ].

Huai Nan Zi (also known as Huai Nan Lie Hong and Liu Anzi) is a philosophical work compiled collectively by Liu An, the king of Huai Nan of the Western Han Dynasty, and his disciples.

According to legend, Huainanzi was written by Liu An, the king of Huainan, the royal family of the Western Han Dynasty, hence its name. On the basis of inheriting the pre-Qin Taoist thought, this book synthesizes the essence of hundred schools of thought's theory, which has played an irreplaceable role in the study of the culture of Qin and Han dynasties in later generations. Ban Gu classified it as a "sage" in Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi. The catalogue of Sikuquanshu is classified as a "miscellaneous family" and belongs to the sub-department.

Huai Nan Zi, on the basis of inheriting the pre-Qin Taoist thoughts, combines Yin and Yang, Mohism, Fa and some Confucian thoughts, but its main purpose belongs to Taoism. "Hong" means broad, while "Lie" means bright (Introduction to Huainan Lie Hong by Gao You in the Eastern Han Dynasty). The author thinks that this book, like Tao, includes broad and bright principles.

The original book Huai Nan Zi contained 21 volumes of internal chapters, 8 volumes of middle chapters and 33 volumes of external chapters. Only the internal chapters survived, and now the published version is mostly published after the internal chapters are deleted. "Talking about forests, mountains, and people's leisure are all ancient things." The ideological content of this book is mainly Taoist thought, and at the same time it is mixed with the theories of various schools in the pre-Qin period, so it is listed as a vertical and horizontal family in Hanshu Yiwenzhi.

Liang Qichao said: "Lie Hong in Huainan is a profound house of Taoist words in the Western Han Dynasty. Its book is broad and well organized, and it is the first-rate among Han Chinese writings." Hu Shi said: "Taoism is a great achievement of ancient thought, while Huainan Book is a great achievement of Taoism." Liu Wendian wrote A Collection of Solutions of Huainan and Lie Hong.