1, peritonitis: peritonitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by infection of the abdominal visceral organs or peritoneum. When the peritoneum is infected, it leads to an increase in inflammatory exudate in the abdominal cavity, causing adhesions between the organs in the abdominal cavity and the formation of a plate-like abdomen. As a result of the inflammatory response, the abdominal wall muscles become tense and painful, and there is a kneading sensation when touched.

2, abdominal hemorrhage: abdominal hemorrhage is a bleeding phenomenon caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the abdominal cavity. When bleeding in the abdominal cavity, blood will accumulate in the abdominal cavity, forming blood clots, so that the visceral organs in the abdominal cavity between the adhesion and produce a plate-like abdomen. Irritation of the peritoneum caused by bleeding can also lead to muscle tension and pain in the abdominal wall, which can feel like a kneading sensation when touched.

3, abdominal visceral organs rupture: the rupture of abdominal visceral organs is caused by trauma, disease or surgery. When the organs rupture, the contents of the abdominal cavity will leak into the abdominal cavity, forming an intra-abdominal fluid or gas accumulation, so that the visceral organs of the abdominal cavity between the adhesion and the formation of plate-like abdomen. The ruptured organ causes peritoneal irritation and muscle tension in the abdominal wall, which can be felt as a kneading sensation when touched.