Articles used

Treatment tray: enema tube, rubber tube, glass tube, anal tube, hemostatic forceps, liquid paraffin, arc tray, toilet paper, water temperature meter, blanket and treatment towel. Enema: normal saline and 0. 1%-0.2% soapy water are commonly used, 500- 1000ml for adults and 00-500ml for children. The liquid temperature is 39-4 1℃, and the temperature is 28-32℃, and the heatstroke is 4℃. Another bedpan, screen, infusion stand.

way

1. Prepare enema according to the doctor's advice and adjust the water temperature. When the materials are ready, bring them to the bedside, explain them to the patient, get cooperation and tell him to urinate. Patients in large wards should be separated by screens.

2. Assist the patient to lie on the left side, bend his knees, expose his hips, and put blankets and therapeutic towels under his hips. If the anal sphincter loses control, you should lie on your back and put the bedpan under your hips.

3. Lubricate the front end of the anal canal, release a small amount of liquid to drive out the gas in the tube, test whether the wrist temperature is appropriate, and then clamp the anal canal.

4. The operator separates the patient's buttocks with his left hand, exposing the anus, telling the patient to open his mouth to breathe, and gently rotates the anal canal with his right hand, and inserts it into the anus for about 7- 10 cm. If there is resistance during insertion, the anal canal can be slightly withdrawn and then moved forward. After insertion, fix the anal canal with one hand, and raise the enema tube with the other hand or hang the tube on the infusion rack. The liquid level is 40-60cm away from the edge of the bed. Loosen the hemostatic forceps and let the liquid slowly pour into the intestine.

5. Observe the liquid infusion in the tube. If the infusion is blocked, gently shake the anal canal to check whether there is fecal blockage. If the patient feels abdominal distension or defecation, the enema tube should be lowered appropriately and told to open his mouth and take a deep breath to reduce abdominal pressure.

6. When the liquid will flow out, clamp the hose, wrap the anal canal with toilet paper, gently pull it out and put it in an arc plate, let the patient lie on his back, and guide defecation after 5-lomin. Those who can't get out of bed should be given bedpans and toilet paper.

7. After defecation, remove the bedpan, make the bed, open the window for ventilation, and help patients wash their hands. Observe the stool and take samples for inspection if necessary. Record the results in the stool column of the temperature list of the day.

8. Wash the enema and disinfect it for later use.

Pay attention.

1. When inserting anal canal, move lightly, and patients with anal diseases should be more careful to avoid injury.

2. For some patients with brain diseases and heart diseases, as well as the elderly, children and pregnant women in the early and late pregnancy, enema should be cautious, the pressure should be low, the speed should be slow, and changes should be made according to the condition to avoid accidents.

3. Patients with hepatic coma are prohibited from using soapy water enema. The liquid level of enema for typhoid patients should not be higher than 30cm of anus, and the liquid volume should not exceed 500ml. Isotonic saline should be used. Patients with acute abdomen and gastrointestinal bleeding should not be enema.

A small amount of non-reserved enema

Articles used

Treatment tray: Do not keep a large amount of enema, add funnel or 50ml syringe. Enema: prepared according to the doctor's advice, commonly used are "1, 2,3" enema (50% magnesium sulfate 30m 1, glycerin 60m 1, water 90m 1) or water and glycerin 60-90m 1, and bedpans.

way

1. the preparation work is the same as a large number of enemas without reservation.

2. Connect the syringe or funnel to the anal canal, pour or extract the solution, lubricate the front end of the anal canal, remove air, clamp the anal canal and insert it into the anus, and loosen the clamp to make all the solution flow in.

3. After washing, hold the anal canal and take it out. Ask the patient to defecate after 10 minutes.

Clean enema

Articles used

Use a large number of retention enema. Enema: 0.65438+500ml 0% soapy water, 5- 10L normal saline, liquid temperature 38-4L℃.

way

1. The method is the same as mass enema, without reservation.

2. Stimulate intestinal peristalsis with 500ml of 0. 1% soapy water. After the solution is discharged, it is washed with isotonic saline, and repeated for many times until the clean liquid without manure residue is discharged.

Pay attention.

1. When enema is given to elderly and infirm patients, the patient's condition should be closely observed and assistance should be given. The enema pressure should be low.

2. Every time a large number of cleaning enema, pay attention to observe and record the filling volume and discharge volume should be basically the same to prevent water poisoning.

3. Patients with clean enema should take the right lateral position to facilitate the enema to reach the deep colon. After each infusion, patients are required to keep tablets as much as possible in order to soften feces and clean intestines.

Retention enema

Articles used

Treatment tray: keep the same small amount of enema, the anal canal is thin, and prepare enema according to the doctor's advice, and the liquid volume is generally not more than 200m 1.

way

1. Ask patients to defecate or give defecation enema 1 time.

2. According to the condition, patients with chronic bacillary dysentery should lie on the left side, and patients with amebic dysentery should lie on the right side. The patient's hip is raised 10cm, the liquid level is less than 30cm from the anus, and the liquid volume is less than 200ml, which can be injected slowly by funnel or syringe.

3. If the amount of liquid is more than 200ml, slowly drip it with an open infusion bottle (i.e. rectal drip method). When using the drip method, the buttocks should be raised by about 20cm, and the anal canal should be replaced by a catheter. The insertion length is about 1.0-L 5 cm, and the dropping speed is generally 60-70 drops/minute. Pay attention to heat preservation when dripping.

4. After extubation, tell the patient to lie flat, try to be patient, don't untie, and keep above lh.

Pay attention.

It is advisable for patients with intestinal diseases to be infused at night before going to bed.