Lily due to its high edible and medicinal value, loved by consumers, therefore, planting edible lilies with high economic benefits, then, do you know how to plant edible lilies? Today we will share with you the planting techniques of edible lilies.
A, edible lily planting before the preparatory work
According to the mode and time of planting, we need to do some preparatory work before planting.
1, fertilization
Lily belongs to the underground bulb crop, and the growth cycle is long, the fertilizer demand is large, so it must be reapplied basal fertilizer, which is also an important measure of the high yield of the lily, the general lily basal fertilizer fertilizer to account for more than 60% of the total amount of fertilizer applied, it is recommended that acres of rotting farmyard manure 2500 kilograms, rotting cake fertilizer 50~75 kg, 100 kg of three yuan compound fertilizer.
The general principle of the whole land fertilization is to deep plough the whole field and directional fertilization. Before plowing, first spread organic fertilizer, and then deep plowing, plowing depth requirements to reach more than 30 cm. When making the bed, the cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer will be applied to the planting ditch, and then make the bed.
2, soil disinfection
Lily on the soil environment is relatively harsh, before planting the soil must be disinfected to kill the soil pathogenic bacteria, pests, weeds, etc., generally more chemical disinfection methods. The following 2 methods of either one:
Bisquim fumigation: 10~15 grams per square meter of drug, evenly mixed into the soil deep 10~20 cm, sprinkled with water to moisturize and immediately cover the film for 3~4 days, hoeing after the film to loosen the layer of soil, 2 days after the seeding. Dodemorph powder sprinkling: use 50% dodemorph powder 8~10 grams per square meter and mix evenly with fine sand, sprinkle into the soil for disinfection.3, make bed
Slope, hilly, low water table and drainage can be up flat bed, bed width 1 ~ 1.2 meters, between the two beds to open the width of 20 ~ 25 cm, 10 ~ 15 cm deep drainage ditch. Where the water table is high and there is more rainfall, it should be cultivated in raised beds, with a height of 30 cm and a width of 1 meter, and a ditch between the beds 30-35 cm wide and 25-30 cm deep to facilitate drainage. The northern region also has a ridge, the base of the ridge is 60 cm wide, the top width of about 30 cm, 25-30 cm high, the bottom of the ditch is 30 cm wide, irrigation, drainage are more convenient.
4, seed ball treatment before sowing
In the 15~20 days before sowing, the seed bulb composed of the mother bulb for separation, that is, the seed bulb one by one separation, and remove the defective seed bulb, and then the seed bulb grading, in order to prepare for the graded planting.
(1) Sterilization by dipping
The graded bulbs will be sterilized by dipping them in chemicals. Optional agents are formaldehyde, chlorosis, double-effect spirit, carbendazim, tolbutamide, oxamylamine, gramicidin, fumicidin and so on, the specific dosage of agents and soaking time for details of the plant protection personnel.
(2) germination
Lily like cool climate, germination temperature for 15 ~ 25 ℃, more than 27 ℃ will be dormant and not germinate, so the need for low-temperature germination. Will be soaked in seed sterilized seed ball in the cellar or cool room, placed in the thickness of 7 ~ 10 cm, and then covered with fine sand, fine sand humidity to the hand into a ball, let go that is dispersed to the degree. After 15~20 days, when most of the seed bulbs issued white roots can be sown.
Two, edible lily planting
Planting density determination: according to the actual local soil, climate, varieties, seed ball size and so on to determine. To our Lanzhou planted Lanzhou lilies, for example, seed bulbs 20 ~ 30 grams of spacing can be planted by (17 ~ 20) cm?40 cm; seed bulbs 12 ~ 20 grams of spacing can be planted by 15 cm?30 cm.
Planting depth determination: general seed bulb small planting depth of 3 ~ 5 cm, large 5 ~ 8 cm, soil cultivation to reach the depth of 8 ~ 10 cm can be, soil sticky shallow planting, soil loose deep planting.
Planting method: after opening the sowing, use 3% phoxim granules 1.5~kg per mu, mix with fine soil 10~15kg, then evenly spread in the sowing ditch, and then spray the sowing ditch with 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid for soil disinfection and pest control. According to the pre-calculated plant spacing placed seed bulbs, placed to buds upward, and use fine soil to fix the seed ball, and finally the planting furrow mulching, mulching should be slightly above the ground in the shape of a turtle's back, in order to facilitate drainage. Immediately after the completion of planting, water thoroughly, so that the seed ball and soil full contact, fall planting is also conducive to reducing the ground temperature.
Spring planting can be directly into the field management, fall planting in the planting after the plow weeding and winter before the onset of mulching heat preservation management.
Three, edible lily planted field management
Commercial lily according to the growth period, can be divided into bulb budding period, nutrient growth period, bud development and nutrient accumulation period of four stages, the management of each stage is as follows:
1, bulb budding period of management < /p>
Whether planted in spring or fall, when the average daily temperature is stabilized above 10 ℃, the lily can come out of the seedling. The goal of spring management is to promote early seedling emergence and ensure vigorous growth.
Collecting cover grass: About 20 days before the spring emergence of seedlings, the pre-winter cover grass should be collected in time to ensure early emergence of seedlings while also reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Watering: 10 days after planting watering, drip irrigation can be used in areas with conditions of watering, and then depending on the soil conditions 3 to 4 weeks of watering once, to determine whether the watering of the big standard is to pinch a handful of soil, can be gripped into a ball and not out of the water, let go of that is the dispersion of such moisture content is most appropriate, and the time of the watering of the best in the morning! The best time to water is in the morning.
If there are conditions, the lily seedlings in the soil before the use of potassium alum or ammonium alum 3 kg per acre, diluted 1,000 times watering, rainy years 7 to 10 days a time, can promote the differentiation of the lily bulb and expansion, can increase yields by more than 10%.
Plowing and weeding: In the spring when the temperature rises before the lily emerges, choose a good weather plowing once, weeding at the same time to improve the ground temperature, to promote the early emergence of lily seedlings, the first year of the depth of plowing 4 ~ 6 cm is appropriate, not too deep, or it will hurt the buds of the lily.
After 1~2 days of mid-plowing, spraying with diamorphine or seconal, basically can eliminate the damage of annual weeds.
Timely fertilizer: before the new shoots come out of the soil, combined with the mid-plowing for fertilizer, per mu can be applied to the human manure or methane liquid about 1,000 kilograms, to promote the lily rooting and strong roots.
Before and after the Qingming Festival, when the lily seedling grows to 10~20cm, apply 500kg of human manure per mu, 200kg of fermented and rotted cake fertilizer, and 10~15kg of ternary compound fertilizer, which can promote the strong seedling.
2, the management of the nutritional growth period
Entering the middle of May, the nutritive growth of the lily is gradually converted to reproductive growth, the management goal of this period is to control the growth of the ground while promoting the expansion of the bulb below the ground.
Fertilizer management: Fertilizer is divided into three times. The first time in early May, the seedling fertilizer to promote rapid growth of seedlings; the second time in the ground before a large number of disk roots, mu of cake fertilizer 200 kg, fertilizer into the rows, combined with the soil cultivation; the third fertilization in the top after, mu of three yuan compound fertilizer can be 30 kg.
Topping and centering: If you don't produce cut flowers you should top and center in time to control nutrient growth and reduce nutrient consumption. When the seedling grows to about 1 meter for topping, is conducive to nutrient transportation to the bulb.
Tillage and weeding: Till the buds of lilies should be cultivated several times, which is conducive to the preservation of fertilizers, root development and prevention of plant collapse and early decline. If it is deep planting should be thin cultivation, shallow planting should be deep cultivation. Combined with soil cultivation, in late May ~ early June for a plowing, to promote rooting. Before closing the rows should also be weed management, can be sprayed with large kill grass, quinquefolium, Nafpunxin and other agents, weed control effect is good on the lily is also relatively safe.
3, bud development management
If only to cultivate bulbs without flowers, in the buds from upright to low hanging, the buds can be removed by hand or scissors, which can save the consumption of nutrients. After removing the flower buds in a week should be timely sprayed seed bulb expansion of 3,000 times liquid + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 750 times liquid, every 10 days, sprayed three times in a row, to promote the development and expansion of the bulb.
4, nutrient accumulation period management
June to August is the nutrient accumulation period of the lily, the management goal is to harvest the bead buds in time, to avoid high temperature and high humidity, and to prevent early decline.
Timely harvesting of bead buds: If you don't use bead buds to breed seedpods, bead buds can be harvested in advance to reduce the consumption of nutrients, and generally speaking, the middle of June is the best time to harvest bead buds. After harvesting, the bead buds can be sprayed by foliar spraying foliar treasure + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, every 5 days, sprayed 4~5 times in a row, to increase the photosynthesis of the leaves at the same time can also be effective in preventing the leaf color premature yellowing.
Watering and drainage: summer is prone to drought or rainy weather, such as drought, conditions should be watered in a timely manner; in the event of more rain, it should be drained in a timely manner after the rain to achieve the rain stops the water dry.
Different kinds of lilies, different propagation methods of the growing period is different, if it is a multi-year growth, repeat the first year of management can be, can be commercial harvest varieties, to choose the timing, timely harvest.
Four, edible lily harvest
Edible lily underground bulb, can be harvested throughout the year, but according to the edible flavor, commercial value of the different harvest time is different.
Green Harvest: Generally in late June ~ early July, this period of time bulbs and scales and sugar content to the maximum value, in order to get the maximum yield, can be harvested early? Qingkai lily? for vegetable use.
Yellow harvest: generally harvested in late July, this time is the highest starch content of lily bulbs, mainly used for processing or medicinal purposes, processing of dry slices and a higher rate of powder.
Withered yellow harvest: Generally harvested around the beginning of winter, it is the time when the sweet flavor of the lily is the strongest, and the quality of the lily products harvested during this period is the best.
Edible lilies are planted for a long time, field management measures, at the same time is to harvest bulbs for the purpose, therefore, in the specific management, pay special attention to the balance of the above-ground and below-ground growth.