On this issue, I believe that nine times out of ten people will think that the United States. 1946, made by Americans Morceli and eckart? The first computer in the world? What is the name of this computer? Enjak? A behemoth with an area of 170 square meters and a weight of 30 tons 174 kilowatts is not as good as some advanced pocket calculators today, but its calculation speed is 200,000 times that of manual work.
Little known, however, is that the computer invented by Americans is not the first in the world, but only the third in the world. Before that, two other countries took the lead in inventing computers.
The second computer in the world
When Americans promoted the invention of the world's first computer, the British were not happy.
1940, in order to decipher the German code, Britain developed a large electronic computing device? Giant? Machine. Although? Giant? It is only a prototype of a computer, but it is really a computer, which has made great contributions to neutrality in World War II.
1940, British biography? Giant? Computer calculation, deciphering the German code, learned that the German air force will air strike the important industrial city of Coventry. For conservatism? Giant? The secret of the machine, Churchill flatly decided not to evacuate the residents of Coventry, and thus paid a heavy price.
However, it is not only reputation that worries Britain, but also more important application computers. Different from the first industrial revolution, Britain failed to seize the opportunity of computer-induced technological and industrial revolution, while the United States seized it.
the first computer in the world
British people are actually more depressed when they are upset, and this is Conrad, a German? Chuze.
Conrad? Chuze is a German engineer, majoring in civil engineering at Berlin Technical University, but this one has nothing to do with computers? Amateur? , but made the world's first computer.
1935, Conrad? Chuze got a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and entered an airplane factory in Berlin. His main task happens to be the strength analysis of his most scratching plane. Trivial and boring calculations have become his job, and only the slide rule can be used as an auxiliary tool. So Conrad. Chu Ze had the idea of making a computer. After working for it for several months, he resigned and went home to study.
Under the sponsorship of parents and friends, after two years of exploration, Conrad? Did Chuze really finish the programmable digital computer Z? 1, using binary numbers, can you complete 3? 3 matrix operation process.
But what about Conrad? Chuze only spent a few thousand marks, but he still couldn't buy more suitable parts, so z? 1 is actually just an experimental model and has never been put into use.
1939 with the support of friends, Conrad? Chuze assembled the second electromagnetic computer z? This is a computer that can work normally. This computer attracted the attention of the German Aircraft Experimental Research Institute, and then sponsored a sum of money for him to continue to improve.
194 1 year, Conrad? Chuze assembled the second electromagnetic computer z? 3, the computing power has made great progress, and it can reach the operation speed of 3 ~ 4 additions per second. 1942, Conrad? Chu Ze wrote the world's first computer program to play chess.
1944, the allies attacked Berlin and bombed z? 3, but in 1945 Conrad? Chuze assembled a more advanced z? 4, the storage unit is also expanded from 64 bits to 1024 bits. Even, in order to make the computer more efficient, he designed a programming language Plankalkuel.
For fear of allied air strikes, Conrad? Chu ze put z? Take it to Hinterstein, a small town in the Alps in southern Germany, where I will continue my invention research.
1945, the allied forces invaded the town of Hin Tellstam, claiming that an advanced computer developed by Germany was found in a granary cellar. Two British intelligence officials came in a hurry, and after careful study, they thought it was at best a typesetting machine abandoned by a printing house: Germans would never put such important equipment in a mountainous area with extremely inconvenient transportation. ?
Pearl powder, the world's first computer honor, bid farewell to Conrad temporarily? Chuze.
From 1949, Chuze installed his Z-4 computer in Zurich Institute of Technology, Switzerland, and it has been running stably until 1958. Until the 1960s, Germany's sophisticated machine tool technology was world-famous, and people in the computer field in the United States and Britain gradually believed that that humble machine was indeed the most advanced computer at that time, and it was also a more advanced program-controlled digital computer, which was 10 years earlier than similar inventions in the United States and Britain.
After the 1960s, Conrad? Chuze founded it? Chuze computer company? We have developed an enterprise with thousands of employees and sold nearly 300 computers of all kinds. 1966, his company was acquired by Siemens, and Chuze served as a consultant of Siemens. Chuze died at the age of 87.
In our impression, why do Americans always invent the world's first computer? There is a simple reason. Germany was not very popular with Americans after World War II, so even if Conrad was basically recognized in the computer world? Chu Ze, but the American media has always regarded Mocelli and eckart as the inventors of computers.
Even in the 1960s, when the media and the public were outraged, they insisted that the father of computers must be an American, not a German. It was not until June 1975 that Conrad appeared on the cover of Science, an authoritative weekly magazine in the United States. The photo of Chuze is the final conclusion. But even though it is confirmed by authoritative organizations, many Americans still firmly believe that Americans invented the first computer.