Chaoxian zu

Korean ethnic minority group

Population is 1923842.

Ethnic profile

The Koreans are mainly found in the provinces of Hei, Ji and Liao. The rest are scattered in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and large and medium-sized mainland cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Xi'an and Wuhan. Among them, most residents of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province use Korean language and Korean script. The ethnic Koreans in areas of mixed habitation use Chinese as a common language. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the population of the Koreans was 192,3842.

The ancestors of the Koreans in China were Koreans who migrated from the Korean Peninsula to the three northeastern provinces of China. After they settled down, they gradually developed into an ethnic group in China. the 1982 national census found that some of the ancestors of the Chinese Koreans had settled in the Northeast as early as the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. For example, the Koreans surnamed Park in Parkjiagou Village, Gai County, Liaoning Province, have been settled in the area for more than 300 years. From the middle of the 19th century, more Koreans moved in from the Korean Peninsula one after another, and this is the main source of the Koreans in China. Due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class in Korea, especially in 1869, when the northern part of Korea suffered from the catastrophe, some suffering Korean peasants came to China across the Yalu River and the Tumen River, reclaimed land along the two rivers, and lived with the Han, Manchu and other ethnic groups in a mixed community **** place. But at this time the number of people moved into not many, most of the spring and fall, living is not yet stable. With the intensification of Japanese imperialist aggression in Korea, a large number of residents in search of a way of life, despite the Qing government ban, have migrated into the border areas of northeastern China to settle down, according to statistics, in 1870 in the northern bank of the Yalu River has been 28 Korean settlement township. Qing Guangxu seven years (1881) Yanbian area Korean has reached more than 10,000 people. 1883 in Ji'an, Linjiang, Xinbin and other counties in the Korean residents have more than 37,000 people. In the same period, the Ussuri River along the coast also moved into a large number of Korean farmers.

The 1850s and 1860s, the Qing government on the entry of Korean farmers still take the policy of prohibition. Later changed the policy of recruiting people to reclaim the land. 1881 in Jilin, set up the Bureau of Desert Affairs, in Nangang (Hunchun), Yanji, Donggou and other places to set up the Bureau of Reclamation, recruitment of immigrants, who should be recruited to migrate into the Chinese subjects. 1885 the Qing government will be the north bank of the Tumen River, about 700 miles long and about 50 miles wide area for the exclusive reclamation of the Korean farmers, the more convenient for the large number of North Korean farmers to move into the northeastern part of the settlement.

In 1910, the Japanese imperialists annexed Korea, the Korean people and some patriots who could not bear the cruel oppression and exploitation of the imperialists, but also a large number of Korean people moved to the northeast of China, and in 1918, there were more than 360,000 people.

The Korean people have a glorious revolutionary tradition, after the Japanese imperialists invaded the Korean settlement in 1906, the Korean people began anti-Japanese activities, from spontaneous to organized anti-Japanese activities, and in October 1927, began to set up the organization of the Chinese ****anese Party in the Korean area. Under the leadership of the C***nese Communist Party, joint anti-Japanese guerrillas of the DPRK and Han were established in various places. In the second army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, Koreans accounted for the vast majority, and Korean fighters in the first and seventh armies also accounted for about half of the army. in the fall of 1938, eight Han and Korean female guerrillas sacrificed their lives in front of the powerful enemy by shooting the last bullet, smashing their weapons, and jumping into the Ushun River, a tributary of the Mudanjiang River, thus composing the famous tragic anti-Japanese story of the "Eight Daughters Throwing Themselves into the River". This is the heroic poem of "Eight Daughters Throwing Themselves Into the River". Tens of thousands of Korean soldiers died on the battlefield of anti-Japanese resistance. In the liberation war period, only Yanbian joined the army of the Korean people amounted to 50,000 people. After the outbreak of the Korean War, a large number of young and middle-aged Koreans responded to the "anti-U.S. support for North Korea, to protect the country" call, to participate in the Chinese People's Volunteers, across the Yalu River, and neighboring compatriots side by side to fight, and for the victory of the Korean War made a significant contribution.

Socio-economic

The area inhabited by the Korean people is fertile and rich in resources, and is one of the major forest areas in China. Under the Changbai Mountains, the Korean people pioneered this rich frontier. Korean people in the northeastern frontier development of wasteland at the beginning of the lack of food to wild fruits, wild vegetables to fill the hunger; live in a very simple thatched hut; with a wooden plow, no farm animals will rely on manpower to reclaim the top. By 1881, the land reclaimed in Yanbian area amounted to more than 5,300 hectares, and the land reclaimed in 1884 in the area dedicated to the reclamation of the Korean people had amounted to more than 12,000 hectares. For a long time, most of them are engaged in agricultural production, some of them are engaged in forestry, sideline industry. 1870s, they are in jilin province tonghua county big dianzi and other places, test planting of rice was successful, and then successively in linjiang, huairen, xingjing, liuhe, hailong and other places and part of yanbian area to expand the planting. 1906, the korean peasants in the heilong county yongzhi township, dajiaodong dug the channel, water irrigation, so that the paddy rice yield increased from then on. Yanbian area of rice paddy area increased year by year, become an important rice production area in northeast China. Rice processed with this rice white and oily, rich in nutrients, and Beijing and Tianjin's "small station rice" is famous in the world. However, a small number of Manchus and Han Chinese who held special power "occupy the mountain households" with various means to take over a large area of land developed by farmers with blood and sweat, so that the farmers become their own tenants or hired laborers. At the same time, a very small number of landowners also emerged among the Koreans. By the late 1940s, the Korean region was in the stage of development of feudal landlord economy with some capitalist economic components. There were two kinds of tenancy relationships: "live rent" and "fixed rent. The rate of "live rent" amounted to 50%. In addition, there were various kinds of super-economic exploitation. In the Republic of China, there were more than 30 kinds of taxes imposed by the local government in Yanbian area alone.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, the Korean areas were successively liberated, and a people's democratic regime was established under the leadership of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which carried out land reform in 1946. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese ****sanitary Party, the Korean people have undergone profound changes in all aspects, and people's lives have improved significantly.

On September 3, 1952, the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture was established in Jilin Province, and in 1958, the Changbai Korean Autonomous County was established in Jilin Province. Dozens of ethnic townships have also been established for the Koreans who live in different parts of the country.

In order to make full use of the above and below ground resources of the Korean settlement area and develop the national economy, the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture's industry, agriculture, transportation, postal and telecommunication undertakings flourished under the light of the Party's national policy. Yanbian Prefecture already has iron and steel, coal, electric power, machinery, non-ferrous metals, textile, rubber, fertilizer, paper, printing, food, ceramics, pharmaceuticals and other industrial and mining enterprises, the industrial system is beginning to take shape, and has become one of China's production bases of national special needs supplies. The total industrial output value increases year by year. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, vice, fishery production comprehensive development, Yanbian is the rice country in northern China, its excellent varieties, good weather conditions, they actively introduce science and technology. So that the rice production increased year after year. Fruit varieties, to the nationally renowned apple pear for the bulk. Tobacco production is also very considerable, is one of the main production areas of China's roasted cigarettes. Ginseng and antlers are also traditional products of the region, which have been famous for a long time. Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture has railroads and highways in all directions, and the county is accessible by train. With the further deepening of reform and opening up, Yanbian in opening up to the outside world to the advantage of the terrain. Hunchun Special Economic Zone has been approved by the State Council. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture's economic growth has a strong momentum.

Culture and art

The Korean people have a long and beautiful tradition of national culture and art, especially the ability to sing and dance, festivals or after work, all like to express their feelings with song and dance. Whenever there is a happy event in a family, they sing and dance, forming an interesting "Family Song and Dance Party". The traditional songs and dances, such as playing and singing on the gamelan, the water dance, the fan dance, the long encouragement dance, and the agricultural music dance, are all favorite programs. Korean dances are beautiful and elegant, and their dances are either soft and graceful, like cranes spreading their wings or willow branches brushing the water, or vigorous and lively, reflecting the bright and impassioned, delicate and euphemistic, and subtle and deep national character. Korean songs are characterized by smooth, melodious and clear melodies. Famous songs include the chorus "Song of Changbai" and the solo "Song of the Daughter", etc. Famous folk songs such as "Ballad of Kratom", "Arirang" and "Nodol River Side" can be sung by everyone.

Sports activities of the Korean people are also characterized. Wrestling is their ancient sport and recreational activity. Playing soccer is more men's general hobby sports activities, from the township to the village generally have their own soccer team, the general elementary school students above the fourth grade that is organized to play soccer. In recent years, some women's soccer teams have appeared. Every festival, holiday, often organized to soccer as the center of a variety of sports competitions. Due to the popularization of soccer, Yanbian has become a nationally known "soccer township". Swinging and springboard are women's favorite recreational and sports activities.

Korean people attach special importance to education, as early as the early 1930s, has organized a number of schools. There is a good tradition of "rather gnawing on the bark of a tree, but also to let their children go to school". After the liberation, all over the establishment of "Parents Association", "Board of Directors" and other private school organizations, self-financing, materials, set up hundreds of primary and secondary schools. As early as 1949, Yanbian University, the first comprehensive university for ethnic minorities in China, was founded in Yanji. Later, Yanbian Medical College, Yanbian Agricultural College, Yanbian School of Education and other institutions of higher learning were founded, as well as more than a dozen secondary specialized schools, such as Yanbian Art School, and more than 1,000 primary and secondary schools. The education network at all levels has been formed. Various types of institutions have produced generations of senior and middle-level intellectuals of the Korean nationality, spreading over all fronts of the central government, the province and the Korean nationality area. Various adult education schools have also been established in Yanbian area. Agriculture, forestry, literature, history, education and other kinds of scientific research groups, made an important contribution to the development of Yanbian.

Customs and Religious Beliefs

The marriage of the Korean people is monogamous. According to traditional custom, close relatives, same clan and same surname do not marry. It is a common custom that "the man is the master of the outside world and the woman is the master of the inside world". The father-son relationship is the basis of all human relationships. Fathers are expected to be kind and filial, and the eldest son supports his parents. The elderly are respected in society, and unfilial and disrespectful people and behaviors are greatly disdained. Most of the inhabitants are buried in the earth, while those living in towns and cities are cremated.

The Korean people prefer plain white clothes. Women wear short clothes and long skirts, called "Jagori" and "Chima". Men's clothing is a short top with a shoulder and wide trouser legs. When they go out, they often wear robes with slanted lapels and knotted cloth bands, but nowadays they wear uniforms or western-style clothes.

The main food of the Korean people is generally rice and millet, and Kyungjae (spicy kimchi) is an indispensable dish. They love to eat rice cake, cold noodles, soy sauce soup, chili and dog meat. Many people are now learning Han Chinese cooking techniques.

The villages of the Korean people are mostly located on the flat land under the mountain slopes. The buildings of houses in the village face southeast, south and southwest. There are tiled houses and straw houses, and the walls of the houses are mostly painted white. The houses are usually divided into bedrooms, guest rooms, kitchens, and warehouses. Inside the house, there is a flat kang, and when you enter the house, you take off your shoes and sit on the kang. In recent years, the furnishings in the house have become more sophisticated. The Korean people are very polite and hygienic, especially avoiding spitting. Houses, tableware, clothes and blankets are all very neat and tidy.

The festivals of the Korean people include the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The graves are visited to add soil at Chingming, and grass is weeded and sacrifices are made in the mid-autumn to show condolences to the deceased. There are also three family festivals, namely: the first anniversary of the birth of a baby, the "H?ng Ká Festival" (60th birthday), and the "H?ng Marriage Festival" (60th wedding anniversary). On each of the latter two joyous days, children, relatives, friends and neighbors wish the old man a happy birthday and blessings.

The Koreans are less religious. Some believe in Buddhism, some believe in Christianity or Catholicism. Buddhism has a long history among the Koreans, and certain rituals and customs of Buddhism have long permeated the lives of the Korean people and become national customs. However, Buddhism has little influence among the Koreans nowadays. In recent years, because of the influence of South Korea, there are more and more people who believe in Christianity among the Koreans in our country. But there is no universal unified religion among the Korean people.

Korean Culture and Customs

Korean Entertainment

The Korean people love sports very much. Wrestling is their ancient sport and recreation. Playing soccer is a popular sport among men. Yanbian is known as the "home of soccer". Swinging and springboard are the favorite recreational and sports activities of Korean women.

Skipping: the traditional sports of the Korean people. Popular in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning Korean settlement. More in the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Participants are mostly women, the competition is carried out in 2-4 people in a group, respectively, standing in a seesaw about 5 meters long at both ends, it has a "draw line" and "show" two kinds. "Drawing line" at each end of the seesaw a group of line, draw the line tied to the ankles of the contestants, in the prescribed time, the length of the line drawn by the contestants when bouncing, height, to determine the winner. The "show" has self-selected and prescribed action, mainly based on the contestant's jumping action difficulty and posture to score.

Swinging: It is also called "swinging" and is a traditional sport of the Korean people, which is especially loved by women and is often contested. There are several ways to evaluate the winners of the competition: one is to take the leaves or flowers on the high trees in front of the swing frame as the target, and the winner is the one who touches or bites off the leaves (flowers) with his feet; one is to hang a long rope under the pedal and measure the height of the swing, and the winner is the one who is taller; and the other is to put up two tree poles in front of the swing frame, and on the poles, pull a rope with a bell tied to it horizontally, so that the swinger decides to win by touching the bell as much as he wants to.

Wrestling: known as the "hometown of wrestling" known as the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, has a long history of wrestling. Every Dragon Boat Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival, the four wrestlers gathered to compete for the championship, people often choose a fat yellow ox as a prize to the winner. Competition, the two sides put on special clothing, the right leg tie a bunch of white bands, each will be the left hand set into each other's band, the right hand to grab each other's belt, the referee ordered, both sides at the same time to stand up, than the high and low, after a number of rounds of competition, the winner held the yellow ox in the drums and gongs in the week around the field.

Cheolianji: Korean martial arts have a history of more than five hundred years, and the martial arts routines are based on instruments, of which "Cheolianji" is a famous instrument. Tielianji is similar to the traditional martial arts of China's Dazuezi. At the end of a shoulder-high stick, there is a ring, the ring set connected to three side-by-side into a radial short section, the length of more than a foot, dancing up with both hands holding the stick, the style of the brave, control range, there are smashing, whirling, sweeping, wrapping, cover, frame, frame, etc., with a variety of figures, exceptionally wonderful.

Top urn walking: traditional Korean sports activities. Mainly popular in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. Often held after labor, the participants are women. Before the start of the race, the participants first head of a 10 pounds of water in the urn, standing in the starting line, the referee issued the order, that is, walking fast, each race for one hundred meters or two hundred meters. Walking, to tile urn does not fall, the water does not splash out and the first to reach the end of the winner.

Korean clothing

Koreans prefer white clothing, to show clean, clean, simple, generous, so the Korean people since ancient times, "white people", called "white compatriots". Women wear short clothes and long skirts, which is also a major feature of Korean women's clothing. Short clothes are called "Zegoli" in Korean, which is a kind of slanting collar, unbuttoned and knotted with a belt, covering only the chest; long skirts are also called "Chima" in Korean, with thin pleats at the waist and loose and flowing. Most of these clothes are made of silk and are brightly colored. Korean men usually wear a short, plain-colored shirt with a shoulder, and pants with wide legs and ribbons. When they go out, they often wear long robes with slanted lapels and knotted cloth bands, but now they wear uniforms or western-style clothes.

Diet of the Koreans

The main food of the Koreans is generally rice and millet. Fish, meat, eggs, dairy products and seafood products are supplemented by a basically vegetarian diet, which is distinctly different from that of the non-vegetarian ethnic groups. Spicy kimchi is an indispensable dish in the diet. In addition, they are also very fond of rice cake, cold noodles, soy sauce soup, chili and dog meat.

Taeguk: One of the favorite traditional foods of the Koreans. It has a long history and has been recorded in Korean literature as early as in the 18th century, when it was called "Jungjaebok" and called Jungjaebok as one of the traditional foods. Nowadays, every family serves rice cakes to their friends and relatives during festivals and celebrations. As the name suggests, the cake is made by beating. Glutinous rice is the main ingredient of the cake. Where glutinous rice is not produced, small yellow rice or millet is used; the sprinkled soybean flour raw materials, in addition to small red beans, you can also use soybeans, mung beans, pine nuts, chestnuts, red dates, sesame seeds and so on. Production, the first sticky rice steamed, placed in the cake groove or on the slate, with a cake mallet to break the rice grains bonded together into a piece. When you eat, use a knife dipped in water to cut it into small pieces and dip it into the cake.

Korean cold noodles: one of the traditional foods of the Korean people. Korean cold noodles have a long history. According to Japanese history books, in the first half of the 17th century, the Korean monk Cheon Jin had already transmitted the method of making cold noodles to Japan. Korean people love to eat cold noodles not only in the hot summer, but also in the cold winter months. Especially at noon on the fourth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, the Korean people have the custom of eating cold noodles with the whole family. According to folklore, if you eat noodles on this day, you can "live a long life", so cold noodles are also called "longevity noodles". Cold noodles are the main raw materials are buckwheat noodles, wheat flour and starch, but also available cornmeal, sorghum flour, elm bark noodles and potato starch production. Practice is in the buckwheat noodles with starch, water, and even into the noodles, boiled and cooled with cool water, add sesame oil, chili, pickles, soy sauce beef and beef broth made to eat cool and refreshing, delicious flavor.

Erming Wine: Drinking "Erming Wine" is a custom of the Korean people. On the morning of the fifteenth day of the first month, the empty stomach drink ear Ming wine, in order to wish the ear, this wine is not special, all in the morning of the fifteenth day of the first month to drink wine, are called "ear Ming wine".

Three Volts and Dog Meat Soup: Three Volts is the hottest season of the year. However, the Korean people have the custom of slaughtering dogs and eating hot dog soup on the day of three volts. This sauce soup has a unique flavor, eat dog meat sauce soup in the day of the three volts can be a great tonic. Most Korean people love to eat dog meat. However, during festivals, or to organize red and white wedding is absolutely not allowed to eat dog meat. This is a custom and a kind of etiquette.

Grain rice: the Joseon people have been eating grain rice for a long time. In the Silla Kingdom, the 15th day of the first lunar month was called "the day of the crows", and the crows were swept away with the grain rice. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, farmers made five grains of rice with river rice, rhubarb rice, millet, sorghum rice, small beans to eat. Also take some of them into the cattle trough, to see which one the cattle eat first, will indicate which kind of food this year can be a good harvest. This custom is still in folklore.

Rice wine: the Korean people love to drink a drink. Rice wine is the best thing they have to offer their guests. If a guest comes to visit, the host will always bring up a bowl of home-made rice wine. This wine is slightly whiter than yellow wine, and slightly sweet. This kind of rice wine has a strong aftertaste. When you drink with your elders, you should move your head to the side to drink, and you should not raise your glass to face your elders, otherwise it is disrespectful to your elders.

Spicy cabbage: one of the favorite traditional foods of the Korean people. Every winter, after the cabbage comes down, they start making spicy cabbage. At this time, whether in rural areas or towns, every family has to do, as little as a few hundred pounds, more than a thousand pounds, because it is necessary to continue to eat until the next spring. Spicy cabbage, fragrant and refreshing, has the effect of relieving fatigue and alcohol, digestion, increase appetite, both at home on weekdays, and can be on the banquet. Therefore, it is doubly popular, and has become an indispensable dish in the daily diet of the Korean people.

Housing of the Koreans

The villages of the Koreans are mostly located on the flat land under the mountain slopes. There are generally two types of houses in the countryside: straw houses and tiled houses. The houses in the village face south or southeast or southwest, and there are tile houses and straw houses, and the walls of the houses are painted white. The roofs are composed of four slopes, with the main room covered by a large zigzag, and the slopes of the two wings are smaller and covered by straw or gray tiles. The front of each house has one or four doors and windows. The back of the house is usually equipped with doors and windows as well. The houses are generally divided into sleeping rooms, guest rooms, kitchens and warehouses. In some cases, rooms are built in the main house to serve as housing and storage. Inside the house, the bed is made of earth bricks or flat stones. When you enter the house, you take off your shoes and sit on the bed. The foundation of the outdoor house is 60-70 centimeters above the ground, and there are steps outside.

Marriage of the Korean People

Marriage, the Korean people practiced monogamy, and according to traditional customs, close relatives, the same clan, the same surname shall not intermarry. It is a common custom that "the man is in charge of the outside world and the woman is in charge of the inside world". Before the liberation, marriages were arranged by parents, and early marriages were common, as well as son-in-laws and child brides. Korean marriage customs from matchmaking to marriage to go through six rituals, namely, "Nacai", "asking for the name", "Naji", "Najin The six ceremonies that must be performed from the time of marriage to the time of marriage are: "Natsai", "Inquiring about the name", "Naji", "Naji", "Naji", "Inviting the date" and "Welcoming the invitation. The "Nacai" gift is a gift given by the groom's family to the bride's family when they propose marriage. The "asking for the name" ceremony is the ritual of asking the bride's mother's name in order to divine her future good or bad fortune. The "Naji" ceremony is when the groom's family informs the bride's family of the auspicious date. The "Naji" ceremony is the bridegroom's family to the bride has sent the green satin, red satin and other gifts, "please date" ceremony is the groom's family to choose the wedding date in writing to the bride's family for advice, the bride's family according to the girl's specific circumstances to reply. "The bridegroom's family sends the chosen wedding date in writing to the bride's family for advice, and the bride's family responds according to the girl's specific situation. The ceremony of "welcoming the bride", in which the groom welcomes the bride, is the most solemn. Korean wedding ceremony is very complex, in Yanbian, the wedding is generally divided into two sections: first held in the bride's home, then held in the groom's home. Held in the bride's home is called "groom wedding", held in the groom's home is called "bride wedding". The groom's wedding is generally held according to the order of the ceremony of laying geese, paying respect, room and ceremony, banquet ceremony and so on. The bridegroom stays in the bride's house for three days, then he goes home alone, and then the bride waits for the chosen auspicious day to be welcomed to the bridegroom's house, where the bridegroom's house also sets up the Jiao Li Hall for the bride's wedding banquet, and the next day the bride recognizes her husband's family, performs the rituals, and is asked to go to the hospitality, and only then does the wedding come to an end. The Korean people generally do not divorce after marriage, they held in the wedding ceremony of offering wooden geese, symbolizing the couple's desire to grow old together.

Korean burials

The Koreans practise earth burials, and cremation is also practised in some areas. After the death of an elderly Korean, relatives are not allowed to wash their faces, cut their hair, or eat dry rice for three days, and must wear mourning. Friends and relatives come to offer condolences, first in front of the body three kowtow, and then with the relatives of the deceased mutual two kowtow. Burial must be held in a single day. Into the coffin when the deceased to wear new clothes, the original clothes are burned. Three days after the burial. Before burial, we should ask the feng shui master to choose the cemetery, the cemetery is mostly chosen in the sunny side of the hillside, head towards the top of the hill feet down. After the burial, offerings are placed before the grave and bowing is done. Afterwards, they have to make offerings for three consecutive days before meals: the first day of offerings is called the "first cloud", the second day is called the "worship cloud", and the third day is called the "third cloud" when they bring offerings to the gravesite. Later, every birthday of the deceased, the day of death, Ching Ming, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and so on are to be sacrificed.

Festivals of the Korean People

The festivals of the Korean people are basically the same as those of the Han people. The main festivals of the year are the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. There are also three family festivals, namely, the baby's first birthday, the "H?nga Festival" (the 60th birthday), and the "H?ngw?n Festival" (the 60th wedding anniversary).

Korean Spring Festival: The Korean people, who are good at singing and dancing, have a colorful festival life. On New Year's Eve, the whole family observes the New Year's Eve all night long, and the music of the ancient Gayageum and Dongxiao brings people into a new realm. During the festival, men, women and children sing and dance, press the springboard, tug-of-war, etc., on the competition field, lively and extraordinary, the people bring the old and the young to watch. On the night of the fifteenth day of the first month, a traditional celebration gathering is held, with several old men climbing onto a wooden "moon watch stand" to see the bright moon first, meaning that his children and grandchildren are healthy and all is well. Afterwards, everyone gathered around the lighted "moon roof", singing and dancing to the sound of long drums, dongxiao and suona music until the end of the day.

Sangwon Festival: A traditional Korean festival. Held annually on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, the festival period of one day, this day, the Korean put to send the first ancestral tomb lamps, and then in the Hallene "genus" lamps, hanging lanterns in the courtyard, hanging wall lamps on both sides of the courtyard door, but also to the river to release the lamp boat. On this day, we also have to eat medicine rice, five grains of rice, drink Conger wine. Medicine rice to the river rice, bee rice as the basic raw materials. Mixed with jujubes, chestnuts, pine nuts and other cooked. Because the medicine rice ingredients are more expensive, not easy to get together, generally to rice, millet, rhubarb rice, glutinous rice, rice beans made of five kinds of "five rice" instead. To look forward to that year's harvest. There are many games at the festival, in the past there are torch battle, car battle, tug-of-war and so on. Torch battle, that is, the race fire, to see whose torch is the brightest, burning the longest time. The car war is to compare whose car is strong. All recreational activities, the whole village to participate. Onlookers beat drums and cheered, lively and unusual. The winners sing, dance and celebrate their victory. In the evening, everyone carries a torch high up on the east hill to welcome the full moon, whoever is lucky that year will be able to see the rising full moon, after welcoming the moon, men, women and children step on the bridge under the moonlight. Treading the bridge is also called stomping the bridge. In the Korean language, the words "bridge" and "leg" have the same sound, and following the bridge means practicing the leg. When stepping on the bridge, each person must go back and forth on the bridge a few times to dozens of times, **** the number of times must be equal to their own age, in order to pray for good luck and avoid disasters.

Baby's Birthday Festival: Baby's birthday festival. Among the rites of life of the Korean people, the baby's first birthday is the most emphasized. The celebration of the baby's first birthday is also very grand. When the baby's birthday comes, the mother of the baby dresses herself up, puts on a set of elaborate national costume, and carries the baby to the prepared birthday table so that the baby can "look over" the "hunting things" set up especially for him. The table is set out with symbolic objects such as rice cakes, sweets, food, pens, books, guns, and so on. When the guests arrive, the baby's mother tells the child to take whatever he or she likes from the assortment of things on the table. When the child reaches out and takes something from the table, the guests get excited and say something to cheer them up. This process is called the baby's birthday table "ceremony". In some places, there is also the custom of the old man to the child's neck on a ball of white thread, to show that the child hope that the snow-white ball of thread as a white person, can be as long as the long line of life long life.

Head Washing Festival: The 15th day of the 6th lunar month is the Korean Head Washing Festival. This day is regarded as an auspicious day. Early in the morning, men, women and children go to the river to wash their heads. Legend has it that it is auspicious to wash one's head with water from a stream flowing eastward. In the evening, people also hold a head-washing feast in their homes, sing head-washing songs, and then the whole family sits happily together and eats a sumptuous dinner.

Huiwai Festival: Among the family festivals of the Korean people, the grandest one is the "Huiwai Festival", also known as the "Return to Marriage Festival", which is the 60th anniversary of the marriage. The following three conditions must be met in order for the festival to be held: first, the old couple is alive; second, the biological children are alive; and third, the grandchildren have not died prematurely. If any of the biological children or grandchildren die, the festival cannot be held. Therefore, whose family can be held back to the wedding festival, is a kind of great honor, friends and relatives have to come to congratulate, a pair of old people dressed in young wedding dress, helping each other into the table, we frequently raise a glass of blessing, than the young people's wedding is more lively and grand.

June 1: "June 1" is the International Children's Day, but in Yanbian has evolved into a new national holiday. In Yanbian, people take "June 1" Children's Day activities as a major child-friendly activities. "On June 1, people often flock to parks in festive attire for the day's activities.

Korean customs

Etiquette: The Koreans pay attention to the filial piety of the husband and son, the eldest son to support his parents, people very much despise the unfilial and disrespectful people and behavior. Korean elders must speak to their elders with respect, and the first time they see each other, they also use respect. When eating, the elders move their chopsticks before the rest of the family can eat. When eating, the spoon should be placed in the bowl of soup; if it is placed on the table, it means that it has been eaten. When traveling with elders, young people must walk behind them, and if there is an emergency that requires them to go ahead of the elders, they must explain to the elders the reason for the emergency.

HuaJia Banquet: Every Korean family attaches great importance to the old man's birthday. On the 60th anniversary of the birth of their parents, the children will hold a "flower armor banquet" (also called flower armor ceremony) for the elderly. At the feast, the children and relatives gather together, the elderly sit in the center in their new clothes, and the children, dressed in their costumes, are seated in a row in order of seniority. The birthday celebration begins, from the eldest son and wife, to the grandchildren stop, in turn, pouring wine to the old man kneeling blessing, thank the old man's hard work and the grace of upbringing. After the ceremony, the children entertained their friends and relatives.

Outstanding figures

Jung Rul-sung (1918-1976) composer. He was born on August 13, 1918, in Yanglim-cho, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, North Korea, to a poor farming family. in the spring of 1933, he came to Nanjing, China, with a group of progressive young Koreans, and enrolled in the Korean Revolutionary Cadre School run by the Korean Revolutionary Organization (KRO), the Yiryeo Regiment, where he studied. After graduation, he stayed in the Yiryeo Regiment to engage in secret anti-Japanese work, and met Xian Xinghai in the anti-Japanese salvation song movement of the Chinese people, and in early 1937, he joined the Korean National Liberation League in Shanghai. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he devoted himself to anti-Japanese propaganda activities, and composed his first song "Fighting Women's Song".In October 1937, Zheng Lucheng arrived in Yan'an, and entered the Shaanbei Public School and the Music Department of the Lu Xun Art Institute in Yan'an successively. During his tenure as a vocal instructor at LUAC, Zheng Lucheng created a series of important works, such as the song "Ode to Yan'an", and the chorus of military songs "Eighth Route Army Chorus", of which "Eighth Route Army March" (later renamed as "March of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" and "Eighth Route Army March"), which became the widely sung war song of the People's Army. In addition, there were also the songs "Ballad of Yanshui", "New Mountain Song" and the chorus "Anti-Japanese Cavalry", etc. In August 1942, Zheng Lucheng was sent to work at the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in the Taihang Mountains as the education director of the North China Korean Revolutionary Military School, where he took part in a number of battles.He returned to Yan'an in January 1944, where he was a member of the Eighth Route Army, a group that was formed by the Eighth Route Army. The main works of this period include the songs "Our March" and "Japanese Anti-War League Song".

In 1945-1950, Jung Yoo-sung returned to Korea to work. During this period, he composed works that glorified the struggle of the Korean people and the friendship between China and the DPRK. 1950, Jung settled in Beijing and became a Chinese citizen. In 1950, he settled in Beijing and became a Chinese citizen. He went into factories, rural areas and border defense, and composed a large number of musical works for the workers, peasants and soldiers. Some of the more important ones include the songs "March of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army", "Logging Song", "Snowflakes Floating on the Xing'an Ridge", "Mighty Fleet Marching on the Sea", "How Happy We Are", and "Song of the Stars", as well as the opera "Cloud of Hope" (1957).

In his lifetime, Zheng Lucheng*** composed more than 300 musical works in various vocal genres. He endeavored to consider the creation of music from the musical image, seeking accurate, distinctive and vivid musical language. His musical style is simple, unrestrained and full of passion. He is good at absorbing folk music materials and melting foreign music vocabularies to form his own simple, smooth, beautiful and friendly melodic characteristics. His songs were included in Zheng Lucheng's Songs Selection, which was published by the People's Music Publishing House and Liaoning People's Publishing House in 1978.

Zhao Nanqi (1926-) is a senior general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He was born in Yongji County, Jilin Province. Korean. September 1945 in Yongji joined the Chinese **** production party led by the Youth League, in December of the same year into the Northeast Volunteer Army Baidian 7th detachment, to participate in the purge of Japanese and pseudo-army remnants of the force and banditry of the struggle. In December of the same year, he joined the 7th detachment of Baidian of the Northeast Volunteer Army and took part in the struggle to purge the remnants of the Japanese army and bandits. In 1949, he became a policy researcher in the Jilin Provincial Committee Office, and in 1950, he became a staff member of the Intelligence Department of the Northeast Military Region Command. In the same year, he participated in the anti-U.S. war against North Korea and served as a staff officer in the Operations Department of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army Command. 1951, in the winter of the anti-U.S. Air Force's "War of the Strangles," he was involved in the organization of military transportation. 1955, he joined the Command Department of the People's Liberation Army Logistics College. 1957, he became the head of the Planning Section of the Organization and Planning Department of the Volunteer Army Logistics Command. 1958, he returned to China. In 1958, he returned to China, and later became the Political Department of Yanbian Military Sub-District of Jilin Military Region