Pinyin name y and Bei m incarnation

English name Sinkiang Fritillary Bulb

Alias Fritillaria, Fritillaria, and Raw Fritillaria

source

Source of medicinal materials: Bulbs of Fritillaria Fritillaria or Fritillaria Sinkiangensis of Liliaceae.

Latin plant and animal mineral names: Bulbus Fritillariae Pallidiflorae, Fritillaria Pallidiflora Schrenk; Fritillaria walujewii Regel，

Harvest and storage: 2-3 years for scale propagation and 3-4 years for seed propagation. When the stems and leaves wither after June, the bulbs are dug out, dried or dried.

Original form

1. Fritillaria Fritillaria: perennial herb, 30-60cm high. The bulb is composed of two scales, with a diameter of 1.5-3.5cm. The membranous substance at the upper end of the scales is thick. Leaves are usually scattered, sometimes subopposite or suborbicular; Leaf blade from narrow oval to lanceolate from bottom to top, about 7- 12cm long and 2-3.5cm wide, and the apex is not curled. Flowers 1-4, light yellow, with dark red spots inside, each flower has 1-3 leaflike bracts, and the apex is not curled. Perianth segments are 6, spoon-shaped, 3-4cm long, 1.2- 1.6cm wide, and light. Stamens are about 2/3 as long as tepals, anthers are inserted near the base, filaments are papilless, stigma lobes are about 2mm long, and capsules have broad wings on the edges. The flowering period is May.

2. Fritillaria Xinjiang: herb, 25-40cm high. Bulb diameter1-1.5cm. It is composed of scales with less hypertrophy. The leaves are opposite or whorled, the leaves are lanceolate or strip-shaped, 5-9cm long and 3- 10cm wide, with 3 whorled leaflike bracts at the uppermost part, and the tips of the bracts are extremely curly. The single flower is terminal, the perianth is bell-shaped, the perianth segment is 6, the outer surface is grayish purple, the inner surface is purple with white or yellow checkered stripes, there are concave nectaries above the base, and the stamens are1/2 of the perianth segment; The style is slightly longer than the ovary, the stigma is 3-lobed, and the lobes are about 1/4 of the style. Capsule length 1.8-3cm, wing width on the edge 4-5 mm. The flowering period is May-June and the fruiting period is July-August.

Habitat distribution

Ecological environment: 1. Fritillaria Fritillaria: born in the forest or on the grassy slope at an altitude of 1300- 1780m.

2. Fritillaria Sinkiang: Born in the shady wetland under the forest at an altitude of1300-2000 m..

Distribution of resources: 1. Fritillaria Fritillaria: distributed in the west of Xinjiang 2. Fritillaria Xinjiang: distributed in Xinjiang.

cultivate

1. Biological characteristics: like humid and cool climate, cold-resistant, afraid of high humidity, bulbs are not frozen at-10, and the suitable growth temperature is 5-20℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, but desert loam with good drainage, deep and loose soil layer and rich humus is the best.

2. Cultivation techniques: propagation methods: propagation with bulbs and seeds; Each bulb is composed of 2-3 scales, which are separated, and each scale is planted as 1 reproductive entity. Trenching is carried out in the border according to the row spacing of 20cm, and the depth of the trench depends on the size of the seed stem, with the plant spacing of 5- 10cm. Seed propagation: autumn sowing is in August-September, and the seeds do not need to be treated, but they will emerge in the following spring. Spring sowing seeds need to be mixed with wet sand for stratification treatment, and then they will be sown and drilled in March of the following year, with the row spacing of 15-20cm and the ditching depth of 0.5- 1cm. The seeds will be evenly spread into the ditch, covered with a thin layer of fine soil, and slightly pressed. Field management: loosen the soil and weed in time after emergence, and combine with topdressing, topdressing 22500kg of thin human and animal manure every 1 m(2) or 75kg of ammonium sulfate every 1 m(2), and spreading 22500-30000kg of overwintering fertilizer on the border before winter.

3. Pest control: gray mold occurs in high humidity and high temperature season, which damages the leaves. Spray with 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times, every 10 day/kloc-0 time, 3-4 times in a row.

Character Identification (1) Bulbs of Fritillaria Fritillaria are oval, oblate or ovoid-conical, with a height of 0.8- 1.8cm and a diameter of 1-2.3cm. The surface is yellowish or white-like, slightly rough, and sometimes yellow-brown spots or patches can be seen. The two scales on the outer layer are heart-shaped or crescent-shaped, thick, nearly the same size or larger, clasped, slightly pointed at the top, and rarely cracked. The texture is slightly loose and brittle, the cross section is white and silty. Slight gas and bitter taste. (2) Bulbs of Fritillaria Xinjiang are oblate or conical, with a height of 0.5- 1.5cm and a diameter of 0.6- 1.2cm. The surface is white or yellowish brown and smooth. The two scales in the outer layer are nearly equal in size or one is slightly larger and close together. The apex is obtuse and flat and cracked, and the base is obtuse, with large scales or residual stems and heart buds each 1 piece. Solid quality. The section is white and rich in powder. Slight breath and bitter taste. Microscopic identification of powder characteristics: white-like, mainly starch. (1) Fritillaria Fritillaria Fritillaria 1 starch granules are generally ovoid, triangular ovoid, shell-shaped or irregular, with a diameter of about 60μm, and the umbilicus is punctate, herringbone or cross-shaped. The diameter of the catheter is about 50μm m.. (2) Fritillaria Sinkiangsiensis 1 starch grains are oval, oval or shell-shaped, with a diameter of 5-54μm, punctate umbilicus, herringbone or short slit, and obvious tail lines; There are few compound grains, which are composed of 2 fractions. Epidermal cells are rectangle-like, the vertical wall is curved like microwave, and the cells contain tiny calcium oxalate cubes. 3 stomatal infinitive, accessory guard cells 4-6. 4. The diameter of threaded and annular conduit is 6-56 μ m..

Chemical composition 1. Bulb of Fritillaria Fritillaria contains imperialine, imperialine 3β-D- glucoside, peimisine, imperialine N- oxide, cyclopamine, 3- Glucosyl-1 1- cycloposine, imperialine, sipeimine, 1 1- deoxy -6 oxo -5α, 6- dihydromustard. The whole plant contains yibeinoside)A and b. 2. Bulbs of Fritillaria Xinjiang contain imperialine and sin-pemine A.. The whole plant contains 17- hydroxy bugabodine (valivine). 3. The whole grass of Fritillaria altaica contains imperialine. The stems contain indoleacetic acid. 4. Fritillaria Fritillaria contains fritillarine.

pharmacological action

1. Hypotensive effect: Sibelium contained in Fritillaria Fritillaria can dilate peripheral blood vessels in anesthetized dogs and show obvious hypotensive effect.

2. Spastic effect: It has obvious relaxing effect on isolated duodenum of guinea pig, uterus of rat and whole small intestine of dog. Its antispasmodic effect is similar to papaverine, and it can resist the spasm caused by acetylcholine chloride, histamine diphosphate and barium chloride. Sibelium contained in this product can dilate peripheral blood vessels and significantly lower blood pressure in anesthetized dogs. It has obvious relaxing effect on isolated guinea pig ileum, rabbit duodenum, rat uterus and whole dog small intestine. The antispasmodic effect is similar to papaverine, and it can resist the spasm caused by acetylcholine chloride, histamine diphosphate and barium hydride.

The lethal dose of toxic sibelium to rats is 90 mg/kg, and its hydrochloride 50 mg/kg has liver damage to rats after long-term administration. The median lethal dose of sibelium in rats was 90mg/kg and hydrochloride was 50 mg/kg; There is liver damage in rats after long-term administration.

Processing raw materials, removing impurities, cleaning, taking out, moistening and slicing.

Sexual taste is bitter and sweet; Slight cold

Meridian meridian and lung meridian

The function is to clear lung; Resolving phlegm; Break up. Indications: cough due to lung heat; Phlegm is sticky and chest tightness; Cough and hemoptysis; Laplacia; Carbuncle swelling

Administration and dosage for oral administration: decoction, 3-9g.

Pay attention to anti-aconite.

Excerpt from Chinese materia medica