The four main producing areas of Pu 'er tea are Pu 'er (formerly Simao) tea area, Xishuangbanna tea area, Baoshan tea area and Lincang tea area.
First, Pu 'er (formerly Simao) tea area
Simao is located in the south-central part of Yunnan Province, adjacent to Lincang, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Wei Chu, Yuxi City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Myanmar in the southwest and Laos and Vietnam in Jiangcheng County in the southeast, with an area of 45,385 and a population of more than two million. North latitude is 22 02'-24 50', which is the largest area in Yunnan Province. The mountains in the north are closely arranged and spread to the south, southeast and southwest, showing a broom shape, with high in the north and low in the south; The highest altitude is 3370 meters, and the lowest altitude is 3 17 meters. Lancang River, the main river, runs through the southwest of China from the northern border of Lincang. The Tropic of Cancer runs through Jinggu and Mojiang River, roughly dividing the whole area into north and south parts. The annual average temperature is 15~20℃, the annual average relative humidity is 77~85%, and the annual average rainfall is 1 100 ~ 2200mm. Each of the ten counties and cities under its jurisdiction produces one tea, among which Simao, Jingdong, Jinggu, Lancang and Jiangcheng are the main producing counties and cities, and Yunnan green and Yunnan green produce a large amount.
According to experts' investigation and demonstration, there are nearly 80,000 mu of wild ancient tea tree communities in 29 dense forests in 7 counties of Simao City, including 2 wild ancient tea trees in Qianjiazhai, zhenyuan county for more than 2,700 years and 2,500 years, 2 wild ancient tea trees in Lushan, Banshan 1000 years in Pu 'er County and Zhengxing 1000 years in Jinggu County.
Second, Xishuangbanna tea area
Xishuangbanna is known as the "Museum of National Culture". In this magical and beautiful land called "Montparanas", for thousands of years, all ethnic groups have thrived, lived in harmony and created a colorful, unique and vivid national culture in Xishuangbanna. Tea has been planted here for more than 1700 years, and there are many ancient tea trees, some of which are over 1700 years old. There are six ancient tea mountains, three ancient tea houses and an ancient tea-horse road connecting the mainland. Pu 'er tea contains 150 kinds of trace elements needed by human body, which has magical effects of prolonging life, losing weight and beautifying face, and is widely praised at home and abroad. Pu 'er famous teas mainly include Pu 'er tribute tea, Menghai kidney tea, Dayi brand Pu 'er tea, bamboo tube tea and so on.
Xishuangbanna has an annual average temperature of 18~2 1℃, an annual average relative humidity of 80~82%, and an annual average rainfall of 1200~ 1400 mm, which is the lowest latitude, the lowest average altitude, the highest temperature and the largest rainfall in Yunnan Province, but it has the longest production history and output. Subtropical climate, neither cold nor hot, with abundant sunshine, high relative humidity and abundant rainfall. The soil is mainly latosol and latosol, with deep soil layer and high organic matter content, which is very suitable for the growth of tea trees. Menghai, with unique conditions, enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of big leaf tea" and is also known as "the origin of Pu 'er tea". Jinghong City, Menghai County and Mengla County and their 1 1 state-owned farms. There is also the only tropical rain forest area near the tropic of cancer in the world, which enjoys the reputation of "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom" and "medicine kingdom" at home and abroad. It is a rare gene bank of animals and plants in the world, and was accepted as a member of the biological reserve by UNESCO in 1993.
In the past, the most famous producing area of traditional Pu 'er tea was Menghai Tea Factory, and the six tea-producing areas in this area were the most praised. All regions are located in Xishuangbanna, which has dominated the mainstream market of Pu 'er tea for hundreds of years with its excellent cultural background and high-quality climate and geographical environment. In recent years, due to the re-prosperity of Pu 'er tea market, excessive picking and fake tea products have caused heavy losses to this traditional brand; Without proper measures to protect the brand and origin, Xishuangbanna's excellent tea quality and brand for hundreds of years will become a historical term.
Third, Baoshan tea area.
Baoshan area was developed very early in Yunnan Province, and it is also a frontier multi-ethnic area with extremely rich history and culture. In the middle reaches of the Nujiang River with Baoshan as the center, there were ancient human activities about 8,000 years ago. Archaeology has proved that before the mid-Warring States period, "Ailao Yi" had formed a tribal alliance with a ruling mechanism, and then "Ailao State" was established, which was a prosperous slave state.
Baoshan City was called "Yongchang County" in the Han Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty, Jinya Military and Civilian Command and Ambassador Department and Yongchang Military and Civilian Government "Baoshan" were set up successively. In the third year of Jiajing this year (A.D. 1524), the name was used for the first time when Baoshan County set up the "Guofufu". Baoshan is an important post station of the famous "Southwest Silk Road" and the last section of China, with frequent commercial activities in ancient times. During the Anti-Japanese War, it was also the main battlefield of the western Yunnan campaign, and the famous "Yunnan-Myanmar Highway" passed through it, which further highlighted its important geographical position.
In the current Pu 'er tea producing areas in Yunnan, the sun-cured green tea produced in Baoshan is generally ignored. However, according to the author's understanding, there are still many cultivated wild tea areas in Baoshan area that have not been fully developed. Compared with the situation that Mengla, Jinghong, Menghai and other places in Xishuangbanna are over-picked, the quality of tea in this area is still very heavy and full. If it is properly managed and produced, it is still of great development value. At present, Tea Group has invested and set up a large-scale tea factory in Baoshan, and the purchased tea seeds cover most tea areas such as Baoshan, Lincang and Simao.
Fourth, Lincang tea area.
As an important gateway to Myanmar and Southeast Asia, it is known as the "border treasure land" in southwest Yunnan and the "golden port" to Southeast Asia and South Asia, and is named after Lancang River. Now it is under the jurisdiction of Lincang, and it was also under the jurisdiction of Yongchang County in ancient times. After the Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Yongchang Prefecture (Baoshan) for twelve years (1748). After the change of political power, in 1952, Mianning county in Dali area (now called Lincang county), Shuangjiang county in Baoshan area, Gengma county and Cangyuan county in Pu 'er area (now called Simao area) were divided to establish Mianning area. 1953, 1956, from Baoshan and Dali areas into Zhenkang, Shunning (now called Fengqing) and Yunxian. The name of the area was changed to Lincang area, and 1970 was officially renamed Lincang area.
The average annual temperature 15~20℃, the average annual relative humidity 70~82% and the average annual rainfall 920~ 1800 mm in Mengla County, a tea-growing area in Lincang, Fengqing, Yunxian, Yongde, Zhenkang, Shuangjiang, Gengma and Cangyuan. In addition to sun-dried green tea, Yunnan red produced in Fengqing and Yunxian can be said to be a crop with high economic value and a world-renowned specialty in Yunnan Province.
At present, Lincang is the place with the highest tea production in Yunnan Province. Originally, it was mainly green tea, followed by black tea. Since 2003, the upsurge of Yunnan Pu 'er tea has been triggered, and many tea areas mainly producing green tea have successively produced sun-dried green tea. At present, Mengku is famous for planting wild tea, and the south of Lincang is close to Yongde, which is a traditional producing area of a large number of green tea. Since 2004, many large and small tea factories have set up factories in Lincang, most of which are concentrated in the central and southern regions.