Where does carbon dioxide come from in the preparation of cinnamic acid

Cinnamic acid (C6H5-CH=CH-COOH) is generally derived from the oxidation of cinnamaldehyde (C6H5-CH=CH-CHO).

So only O is added to the molecule instead of CO2. The O is provided by an oxidizing agent. (Oxidizing agents can be potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, airborne oxygen, etc.).

Cinnamic acid can also be synthesized by the Perkin reaction: benzaldehyde + acetic anhydride + K2CO3=== C6H5-CH=CH-COOH + CH3COOH

If you go this route, the bubbles are produced by the decomposition of the K2CO3 into CO2 in the presence of acid:

K2CO3 + RCOOH = RCOOK + CO2 + KOH

. CO2 + KOH

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