1. The abstract should exclude content that has become common knowledge in the subject field; do not include content that should appear in the introduction in the abstract; generally do not interpret or comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation) ).

2. Do not simply repeat the information already in the title. For example, the title of an article is "Study on the occurrence of rhizomes of several Chinese orchid seeds in vitro culture". Do not write at the beginning of the abstract: "To..., study the occurrence of rhizomes of several Chinese orchid seeds in vitro culture." research”.

3. The structure is rigorous, the expression is concise, and the semantics is precise. What should be written first and what should be written later in the abstract should be arranged in a logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Use long sentences with caution in the abstract, and keep the sentence pattern simple. Each sentence should have a clear meaning, without any vague, general, or vague words. However, the abstract is a complete short article after all, and telegraph-style writing is not advisable. The abstract is not divided into paragraphs.

4. Use the third person. It is recommended to use description methods such as "conducted research on...", "reported on the current situation of...", "conducted... investigation", etc. to indicate the nature and theme of the document. It is not necessary to use "this article", "author", etc. as the subject .