Scientific name (Apocynum. )
Morphological characteristics: deciduous erect semi-shrub, 1-2 meters high. The opposite leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, with a length of1.5-5.5cm and a width of 0.5-1.5cm.. Conical cymes are terminal or lateral, with purplish red flowers and a diameter of 5-7 mm. 2 apophysis, long cylindrical, forked and drooping. The seeds are oval with white hairs on the top. Advanced spinnable fibers can be stripped from the stem bark. Xinjiang and other regions have large production areas and rich resources, which are important projects for developing the western region.
Sweet, bitter, slightly cold.
Roots contain cardiac glycosides and leaves contain rubber, and the highest content before flowering can reach 4-5%. In addition to cardiac glycosides, recent analysis showed the reaction of flavonoid glycosides, Zi compounds, tannins, acidic substances, polysaccharides and protein.
Functional leaves: lower blood pressure, roots and leaves have a cardiotonic effect.
[Hypertension, head diseases and insomnia]
3-6g of apocynum venetum leaves and 3-6g of Uncaria rhynchophylla, and 4 pieces of red dates are decocted in water twice a day.
[Prevention and treatment of colds]
500 grams of Apocynum venetum leaves for prevention, 5000 ml of water, decocted to 2500 ml, and 0.25 g of benzoic acid for later use. Take 100 ml per person every day, twice a week for two days.
bluish dogbane
(1) Overview
Also known as kenaf, camellia, willow seeds, lamb tripe, etc.
Apocynum venetum is a perennial herb of Camellia of Apocynaceae. Take roots and leaves as medicine. It tastes bitter and cold. It has the effects of lowering blood pressure, strengthening heart, clearing fire and diuresis. Can be used for treating heart disease, hypertension, neurasthenia, hepatitis, abdominal distension, nephritis and edema. It is distributed all over the country, mainly in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Shandong provinces.
(2) Plant characteristics
Plant height 100 ~ 200 cm, and the whole plant contains viscous white milk. The taproot is stout and dark brown. The sunny side of the stem is usually purplish red, and the stem skin is tough, which is a good raw material for wild fiber. The leaves are opposite, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, with short spines at the top and the whole edge. Cymes are epiphytic; Flowers and corolla 5-lobed, corolla narrow bell-shaped, with short hair inside and outside; The five anthers of the stamen are connected to form a cone. The protuberance is horny and can be as long as 20 cm. There are many seeds, with a bunch of white slender hairs at the top.
(3) Growth characteristics
Apocynum venetum is not strict with the environment. A large number of patches are distributed in saline-alkali and desert areas, which are cold-resistant, drought-resistant, alkali-resistant and wind-resistant, and adapt to various climates and soils.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1. Propagation method
There are seed reproduction and asexual reproduction.
(1) seed propagation
It can also be divided into direct seeding and seedling raising.
Live broadcast: Apocynum venetum seeds are small, 2000 seeds per gram, and it is not easy to be unearthed after germination. Therefore, direct seeding should be carried out on sandy loam with low salt content. At the beginning of April, we should prepare the soil, water it, sow 7.5 kilograms per hectare, and sow wet sand one finger deep. Avoid surface soil hardening, resulting in seedling loss and death. After the seedlings are unearthed, weeding and loosening the soil, and strengthening management, more than 6,543,800 seedlings can be left per hectare, and the rest can be transplanted to other places.
Seedling raising: Northwest China and windy and dusty areas, the soil is dry in early spring, so it is not suitable for direct seeding, and it is suitable for seedling raising and transplanting. Choose fertile and loose soil, apply foot fertilizer, make a small bed, water, soak the seeds to accelerate germination, pick up the seeds and spread them out when the white root tips are exposed, and keep the temperature at about 20℃. When the buds grow out, they can be planted. Covering them with millet stubble can not only water but also prevent the soil from hardening. After emergence, pick 5 pairs of stubbles.
(2) asexual reproduction
Rootstock cutting propagation: both straight roots and horizontal roots of apocynum venetum can be used for propagation. The method is to cut it into small segments of 10 ~ 15 cm, and each segment has adventitious buds. Select the fresh, uncorrupted root segments of 1 and 2, and put them into the soil holes with the depth of 10 and 12 cm.
Propagation by ramets: shovel the plants from the roots near the ground, take a small amount of fibrous roots, transplant them by ramets, and keep the soil moist after planting to facilitate the generation of new roots. Plant division should be carried out in spring and autumn, and the survival rate is low when the temperature is high in summer.
2. Tian Tuan management
After the emergence of Apocynum venetum, weeding and thinning should be done as soon as possible, and sulfuric acid should be applied once. Five pairs of true leaves can be transplanted and planted, and the number of seedlings per hectare should not be too much. Because it is a perennial root, its transverse roots can constantly send out new seedlings, and the fertile land has more than 6.5438+0.5 million plants per hectare, so the plants naturally adjust. In the later stage, a large number of dead seedlings appeared, and the growth of hemp field became weak, which was 45% per hectare under natural wild conditions.
3. Pest control
(1) stem spot disease
Dark spots appear on the stems and leaves, and when the disease is serious, seedlings and field plants die in large areas. At the initial stage of the disease, Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed for prevention and treatment.
(2) Rusting
It has been popular since August. 25% triadimefon 1000 times can be sprayed.
(5) harvesting and processing
Both the roots and leaves of Apocynum venetum can be used as medicine. Wild ones usually dig hemp roots. If it is cultivated artificially, it can be combined with field management to dig a certain amount of hemp roots and shake the soil to dry. Leaves are picked in autumn, hugged along the stem with hands, and dried in the shade in a ventilated place.