1, curcumin: a perennial herb, called gold or turmeric, with yellow pigment as the main component in its rhizome. Pure curcumin is yellow crystalline powder. Strong coloring ability, especially suitable for protein coloring.
2. Shellac pigment: Shellac pigment is the pigment component in the original gum secreted by shellac on its parasitic plants. Shellac pigments can be divided into two categories: water soluble and water insoluble. Water soluble is shellac red acid. When acidic, it is stable to light and heat. The hue changes with the degree of acid reduction.
3. Safflower Yellow Pigment: It is the yellow pigment in safflower pigment. Soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in oil.
4. Sodium copper chlorophyllin: It is a blue-black powder with golden luster and an amine-like taste. It is easily soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is blue-green, with stronger light resistance than chlorophyll.
5. Monascus rice is one of the natural red pigments traditionally used in China. The production method is to inoculate monascus on rice and cultivate it. Mainly used for dyeing barbecued pork, red enema, red fermented bean curd and some mixed wines.
6. Sauce color: caramel is one of the traditional natural pigments used in China, and it is brown or dark brown liquid. Liquid caramel is made by heating sucrose or malt syrup at 160 ~ 180℃ for 3 hours to make it caramelization, and then neutralizing it with alkali. In order to accelerate the reaction, ammonium salts are sometimes added as catalysts. Caramel itself is non-toxic, but the caramel produced by adding ammonium salt contains a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound 4- methylimidazole, which has convulsion effect and is harmful to people in high content.
7. Carotene: As a normal ingredient in human food, it is one of the nutrients people need and can be used as a cream colorant.
8. Capsaicin and beet red: red pigments extracted from pepper and beet root respectively. The former is a carotenoid, but carrot A is primitive. Non-toxic to people, used in canned food.