1. Choose varieties and arrange farming time reasonably.
After transplanting, the growth period of Chinese cabbage is generally about 60 ~100 days, which belongs to the medium-mature type. Generally, the sowing date of plain Chinese cabbage is July15 ~ 23, and the harvest time is11~1February due to different varieties.
2. Cultivate strong seedlings and advocate plug seedling.
The sowing date of Chinese cabbage often coincides with high temperature and rainy season, so it is necessary to choose a field with high terrain, difficult flooding and convenient irrigation and drainage as the seedbed, and the seedling raising method can adopt two-stage seedling raising method, nutrient block method or plug seedling raising method.
Advocate plug seedling. Choose 50 or 72-hole hole trays, mix soilless substrates such as peat+perlite+vermiculite in a certain proportion, add a small amount of soil bactericide and trace compound fertilizer, water and mix them evenly, and then put them into trays. Sowing depth is about 0.5 cm, sowing1~ 2 seeds per hole, covering with a layer of substrate after sowing, watering with water, and covering with sunshade net to keep moisture. In summer, the trellis is covered with 50% light-transmitting sunshade net, so water management is particularly important. Pay attention to that the water in the plug matrix should not be too wet or too dry for a long time. At the seedling stage, 1000 times of Jinyunhe can be used to prevent damping-off and damping-off, and to control Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Plutella xylostella, flea beetle and aphid. Generally, the seedling age is controlled at about 23 days, and the seedlings are tempered one week before transplanting.
3. Rational close planting and scientific application of fertilizer and water.
Before transplanting, 500 kg of organic fertilizer, 40 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and borax 1 kg were applied to the production field per mu. According to the topography, soil fertility and management level, the border width is determined. Generally, the width of the border is1.2m, and the spacing between plants is 0.48 ~ 0.6m. Because of the variety difference, there are 800 ~ 2,400 plants per mu/kloc-0. 33% Shi Tianpu100 ~150ml/50kg weeding.
Planting is carried out in the afternoon or on cloudy days, and chlorpyrifos particles are applied to the acupoint, and root water is continuously poured (thoroughly poured) after planting. Topdressing is carried out in 2 ~ 3 times, with urea 5 ~ 10 kg or decomposed biogas slurry 1500 kg per mu on 1 0 day after planting, and 40 kg of 45% compound fertilizer is applied per mu before and after closing (after transplanting1month) in combination with intertillage, and topdressing is applied per mu at the initial stage of heading. Drain water in time after heavy rain to prevent water accumulation in the field, and keep the soil moist during the nodulation period.
4. Use drugs safely and comprehensively control pests and diseases.
The main pests and diseases of Chinese cabbage are root rot, downy mildew, soft rot, cabbage caterpillar, aphid, whitefly, beetle, diamondback moth, beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura and so on. Select disease-resistant varieties, distinguish the types of fungal and bacterial diseases, implement crop rotation, and drain water in time. After continuous rainy days, actively control root rot, downy mildew and soft rot, 7 days/kloc-0 times, 2 ~ 3 times in a row. According to the information of pests and diseases, we should actively adopt moth sex attractants, lighting and other pest control methods, make clear the feeding characteristics of pests, use drugs in a targeted manner, choose biological pesticides as far as possible, reduce the dosage of pesticides, and strictly abide by the safety interval of pesticides.
5. Frost protection
6. Timely harvesting and timely treatment of residual leaves.
Generally, the harvest period is about 20 days after the flowering of pine vegetables. In order to make the flower ball white, when the flower ball is 5 cm big, the method of folding leaves or binding leaves can be adopted to protect the flower ball from direct sunlight. When the flower ball is fully expanded and the periphery begins to loosen, it is the suitable harvest time for fresh-eating pine cabbage, and the harvest of the flower ball for dehydration processing can be delayed appropriately. 3 ~ 5 leaves can be left when harvesting to protect the flower ball and avoid mechanical damage or contamination during storage and transportation. Sell it as soon as possible after harvesting, or pre-cool it in a cold storage at about 4℃.
After the flower ball is harvested, the residual roots and leaves in the field should be treated in time for harmless treatment to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Rootstocks and leaves are excellent green fodder for sheep and rabbits.