At the same time, Zhu Youjian vigorously removed eunuchs. In November of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Zhu Youjian took the opportunity to uproot Wei Zhongxian's wings, leaving Wei Zhongxian in a helpless situation. Then, a paper imperial edict demoted Wei Zhongxian Fengyang's wake and ordered his arrest. After he hanged himself, he ordered the body to be buried in the river. Since then, more than 260 eunuchs have been executed, aggravated or imprisoned for life, which has dealt a fatal blow to the arrogant eunuchs. Restore unjust imprisonment and re-enable officials who were dismissed during the apocalypse. Yuan Chonghuan was appointed Minister of War, gave Fang a sword, and entrusted him with the task of recovering all Liao. From the first year of Chongzhen (1628), there was a drought in the north of China, with a thousand miles of land and no grass growing. "Annals of Hannan County" records: "In the first year of Chongzhen, the whole of Shaanxi was red. Five years of famine, six years of floods, seven years of autumn locust famine, eight years of drought in Xixiang and flood in Lueyang in September, all the houses were gone. Nine years of drought, ten years of autumn harvest, eleven years of summer locusts covering the sky ... thirteen years of drought ... fourteen years of drought. " Since Chongzhen Dynasty, serious drought has occurred in Shaanxi every year, and many people have been displaced. In May of the second year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng, a soldier of Northern Shaanxi Post Station, was laid off. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), there was another famine in Shaanxi. Ma Maocai, an inspector in Shaanxi Province, said in his book "Preparing for Chen Da Hunger" that the people are fighting for grass in the mountains. After eating grass, peeling skin and eating skin, I could only eat Guanyin soil and finally died of bloating. In the sixth year of Chongzhen, "every drought locust in Shaanxi, Yaozhou and Chengcheng counties,
In the seventh year of Chongzhen, Wei Qi Lv, a former minister of the Ministry of War and now living in Henan, wrote to the court: "In recent years, I have not suffered from my hometown, soldiers and every day. Wu Geng (Chongzhen three years) drought; Xin is not dry; Renshen is dry. There is no grass in the wild, and ten rooms are empty. ..... There are no barking dogs in the village, but they are still knocking on the urging door; There are crows in the tree. They are bleeding with whips. Huang Chen Xidi, the villages and towns are deserted; The bones are blue and phosphorus, and they cry like ghosts every night. It is impossible to turn the poor into thieves. " The drought triggered a plague of locusts again, making the disaster worse. In the tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth years of Chongzhen, Henan Province, a plague of locusts occurred. "People eat people, grass and trees are soldiers, and bandits rise together." Most of the hungry people came from Li Zicheng, King of Yue. In the thirteenth and fourteenth years of Chongzhen, "the Great Northern Wilderness ... the dead abandoned their children and the river blocked the road." In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, when the plague broke out, the left governor urged the grain and said halfway, "From Jinghai to Linqing, I saw the people starved to death three times, dyed to death three times and thieves four times. Twenty-four taels of rice, stone and silver are eaten by people to death. Only Ming Sheng mourns. " When Xu Biao, the governor of Baoding, was called into Beijing, he said, "I pushed thousands of miles from the river and found that the city was empty, that is, there were only four walls left in the city, and I had no rest. The road is covered with Artemisia, chickens and dogs are silent, and there is no ploughing. What a world! " At this time, there was another epidemic disease in the provinces of North China, and they died at night. "overnight, people went to the building,"
In July of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, the epidemic disease spread from Hebei to Beijing, and the disease was called "pimple disease". In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, nearly 40% of Beijing's population died and ten rooms were vacant.
In August of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, pneumonic plague broke out in Tianjin: "There was a great disaster from heaven and the plague was prevalent. From August to now (September 15), it has spread to Sheng. Some died in a day or two, and some died at night. Every day, there are no fewer than hundreds of people, and even no one in the whole family dies. From house to house, no one is saved. "
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Luo Yangxing, the military supervisor of Tianjin, said, "Yesterday, there was a plague in the capital, and ten rooms were empty, and even the households were exhausted, and no one converged."
Jiangnan was flooded in Chongzhen for thirteen years, drought locust in Chongzhen for fourteen years and drought epidemic in fifteen years. The local society is in a very fragile state, with bandits and refugees rising together and civil strife erupting constantly.
In order to suppress hooligans, Zhu Youjian first used Yang He as the main tactic, then Hong Chengchou, Cao Wenzhao, Chen Qiyu, Hong Chengchou, Lu Xiangsheng, Yang Sichang, Xiong Wencan and Yang Sichang. In thirteen years, the generals of the invading army changed frequently. Among them, except Xiong Wencan, everyone else showed outstanding talent. However, there are doubts about employing people, and even the responsibility exists in name only. After several disasters, Li Zicheng went to Henan to gather people for development.
At this time, Huang Taiji in the north constantly harassed and invaded, and the Ming court suffered from fighting on both sides. Every year, the "three salaries" military expenditure is as high as 22 million, and the national finance has long been unable to make ends meet, and the phenomenon of lack of salary is widespread, which often leads to riots and mutinies within the Ming army. Zhu Youjian was anxious to seek treatment. "Dream in the Spring of Ming Dynasty" describes: "In November of the second year of Chongzhen, the eunuch Shen Liangju was the prefect and the imperial gate was nine, and the eunuch governor Li Fengxiang was brave." In the middle and late period, Jin countered, self-destructed the Great Wall, and unjustly killed Yuan Chonghuan.
With the increasingly severe situation, Zhu Youjian's indiscriminate killing is becoming more and more serious. Seven governors were punished and 1 1 were massacred. Zhu Youjian also knew that he could not fight both sides and privately agreed to make peace. However, in view of the lessons of the Southern Song Dynasty, the literati of the Ming Dynasty thought it shameful to negotiate with Manchu. Therefore, Zhu Youjian has been in a dilemma on the issue of peace talks. He secretly agreed to Yang Sichang's peace talks, but Lu Xiangsheng immediately told the emperor: "Your Majesty ordered me to supervise the division, and I only know how to fight!" Zhu Youjian can only argue that there is no peace, and Lu Xiangsheng finally died in battle. At the end of Ming dynasty, between the dilemma of peace and war, it entered the road of extinction.
In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Songshan and Jinzhou fell, Hong Chengchou fell to the Qing Dynasty, and Zhu Youjian tried to make peace with Manchu. Chen Xinjia, the minister of the Ministry of War, was executed for leaking the news of the peace talks, and the chance of making peace with the Qing army was finally dashed. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Ming Dynasty faced a catastrophe. Zhu Youjian summoned his ministers and lamented, "I am not the king of national subjugation, but you are all ministers of national subjugation. I won't be unkind to my scholars. Today, why doesn't any of my ministers follow me? " Under the opposition of Chen Yan and Shi Guangheng, he failed to make up his mind to move the capital to Nanjing.
At this time, the peasant army uprising has been more than ten years, from Beijing in the south to Nanjing in the north, with thousands of miles of bones all over the ground, inaccessible and few pedestrians. Emperor Chongzhen called Baoding Governor Xu Biao to meet him in Beijing. Xu Biao said, "I come from Jianghuai, thousands of miles away. Even where there is a city, there are only walls all around. It looks like weeds at first sight, but you can't hear chickens and dogs barking. I can't see a man who cultivates the land. How will your majesty govern the world like this? " After hearing this, Emperor Chongzhen burst into tears and sighed: So, in order to offer sacrifices to refugees, fallen soldiers and murdered princes, Emperor Chongzhen performed Buddhist services in the palace, praying for peace in the world, and wrote himself a letter urging Du Shi and Sun Chuanting to quickly surround the peasant army. Jingshan Park was martyred.
In the first month of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng captured Xiangyang, Jingzhou, De 'an and Chengtian, Zhang was trapped and fled Zuo Liangyu to Chizhou, Anhui. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), on March 1st, Datong fell and Beijing was in danger. On the fourth day, Zhu Youjian appointed Wu Sangui as Pingxibo, flew to the capital, and used Wu Xiang as the prefect of Beijing camp. On the 6th, Li Zicheng captured Fu Xuan, and the eunuch Du Xun surrendered. /kloc-on 0/5, Li Jiantai, a university student, surrendered, and the Li Zicheng Department began to surround Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty faced a catastrophe. Eunuch Cao Huachun said, "If Zhong Xian were here, current affairs wouldn't be here." In the two-front battle with the peasant uprising army and the Qing army, the Ming army has completely lost its combat effectiveness.
On March 17, peasant rebels surrounded the capital. /kloc-On the evening of 0/8, Zhu Youjian and his personal eunuch Wang Chengen boarded Jingshan Park (also known as Wanshou Mountain, now Jingshan, Beijing) and looked at the bonfires outside the city and around Zhangyimen, just sighing and wandering silently. Li Zicheng's army invaded Beijing. Eunuch Wang Lian told the emperor that Zhu Youjian was drinking in the palace and sighed, "My people have suffered!" Eunuch Zhang Yin advised the emperor to surrender and was stabbed to death with a sword. Zhu Youjian ordered the Prince, Wang Yong and Wang Ding to meet their families in Xun You, Zhou Kui and Tian Hong. After returning to the palace, he wrote down the imperial edict and ordered lord protector Zhu to lead the troops, while Fu Jun led the troops. He also ordered Queen Zhou, Yuan Guifei and three sons to enter the palace. He simply told his son a few words and ordered the eunuch to send them to his consorts' home to escape. He cried and said to Queen Zhou, "You are the mother of the country and should be a martyr." Queen Zhou also cried and said, "I have followed you since 18, and your majesty has never heard a word from me, which led to today." Since your majesty ordered me to die, how dare I not die? "Then he untied himself and hanged himself. Zhu Youjian turned to Yuan Guifei and said, "Go with the Queen! "Yuan Guifei cried goodbye and hanged herself. Zhu Youjian called Princess Changping, who is 15 years old, and said with tears, "Why did you come to the emperor's house? "After she covered her face with her left sleeve, her right hand pulled out a knife and cut her left arm and her right shoulder, and she fainted. At the same time, he stabbed his six-year-old daughter Princess Akihito to death with his sword.
Several concubines were hacked to death, and Queen Zhang was ordered to commit suicide. Yi An and Queen Zhang made several bows across the curtain, and then hanged themselves. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/9, Li Zicheng insurgents entered Beijing from Zhangyimen. Zhu Youjian came out of Donghuamen with three guns and dozens of eunuchs, and was shot dead by random arrows. Then he ran to Qihuamen (Chaoyangmen), where lord protector Zhu turned to Andingmen. The defenders here are scattered, the gates are locked, and eunuchs can't chop axes. At dawn on March 19, the fire started and returned to the palace. It's already a sea of fire outside the city. At this time, the sky will be bright, Zhu Youjian will ring the bell in the front hall to call 100 officials, but no one will come. Zhu Youjian said, "The ministers misunderstood me. The monarch died in 277. Once abandoned, it is the fault of the traitor, that's all. " Finally, he hanged himself on a crooked-neck tree in Jingshan, with his left foot bare and his right foot wearing a red shoe. At the age of 33. Only the prefect eunuch Wang Chengen accompanied.
Before hanging himself, he put a big book on the blue robe:
"Since I began to reign for 17 years, I have been angry with the bandits, but all the ministers have mistaken me, taking the thief as the capital. When I died, I had no face to meet my ancestors in the underground, so I took off my crown and covered my face with my hair. Let the thief chop my body and don't hurt the people. "
Ministers were shocked to hear of this change. College student Fan and his wife and concubines, Shang Shu Ni and his family of 13 people, Zuo Yushi Li Banghua, Deputy Yushi Shi Bangzhao, Ling Yi Qu, Right Assistant Minister Wang, Right Assistant Minister Meng, Right Assistant Minister Meng and his wife Meng and his daughter-in-law left instructions respectively to ask De and his concubines Zhu Shi, Li and Zuo Zhongyun Liu to rectify. Zhou Fengxiang, his son, and his two concubines inspected Wang Wei and his wives Gengshi, Wu Ganlai, Chen Liangmo and his concubines, Chen Chunde, Cheng Shenjiayun, the official minister, Xu Zhi, the minister of war, his wife and son Zhang, and Jin Xuan, the minister of war. There are sixteen men and women, including Wen Yao, his sister and descendants, Xu Gong Gu Yong, Princess Le 'an and her fifth son, Hui 'an Bo Zhang Qingzhen and his men and women, Xuancheng Bo Wei and his family in Spring, and Royal Guards are in charge of Wang Guoxing. Royal Guards are in charge of Li Tongzhi Ruojue. Royal Guards have 1000 families with high literary talent, and one family has 17 people. Shuntianfu Governor Chen Zhenda and Deputy Military Division Commander Yao. All the ministers died, but Meng was guarding the Zhengyang Gate and died at the city gate. Zhao died of cursing the enemy. Fan, Shen Jiayun, Liu Wenbing and Wei Shichun went into the well, Jin Xuan, Teng Zhisuo, Ruan Wengui, Zhang Tou, Shi Bangyao drank medicine, Lingyiqu choked to death, Gong, Princess Le 'an and Zhang Qingzhen set themselves on fire. The rest hanged themselves in the ring.
On March 2 1 day, when the body was found, Dashunjun moved the coffin of Empress Zhou out of the Forbidden City and displayed it in Donghuamen. "Thirty ministers bowed in tears, sixty did not cry, and the rest were all admired." Zigong is temporarily located by the river in the north of the Forbidden City. Local civilians buried him in Tian Guifei's tomb. After the Qing army entered the customs, it was buried in Siling, and later changed to Emperor Zhuang Lie. The Nanming regime called him the four emperors, and later renamed him Zong Yi, also known as Emperor Chongzhen in history.
After the death of Emperor Sizong of Ming Dynasty, officials who committed suicide included Shang Shu Ni, Fan, Zuo Du Banghua, Zuo Du Bangyao, Yi Qu of Qingling in Dali Temple, Shunzhi in Taichang Temple, Meng Zhaoxiang, right assistant minister of Zuo Legal Department, and other Xu Hegong family members who committed suicide. /kloc-hundreds of eunuchs committed suicide among more than 0/000 people. More than 300 ladies-in-waiting committed suicide. More than 700 families including gentry and students committed suicide. On April 4th, Zhao Yigui, an official of Changping Prefecture, and others buried Chongzhen and Empress in Tian Guifei's tomb in Changping County. In the Qing dynasty, "the emperor was reburied, and his subjects mourned for three days, which was called Zhuang Liedi and Ling Si Ling".
The Ming Dynasty's rule in northern China was on the verge of collapse. Later, Nanming forces fostered Axe King and Zhu Yousong in Nanjing to establish Nanming regime. In November of the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), posthumous title, the name of the temple, went to Huaizong Temple and changed its name to Zhuanglie Emperor. History books in Qing Dynasty are often referred to as "Emperor Zhuang Lie".
The title of the Four Spirit Gods is: Ming Qin Tianshou Dao Min Yidun Sword, Hong Wen Wu Xiang ruled over Emperor Xiao Zhuang, which should be the total death of posthumous title in Qing Dynasty.
The other book is devoted to keeping the Tao, respecting frugality and forgiving benevolence. Wu Tiren is a thrifty letter to Emperor Xiao Zhuang or Guo Yidun. Hong Wen Wu Xiang ladder people wrote to Emperor Xiao Zhuang, and the temple name was changed to Qinzong. And there are also temples that are fierce or respectful. posthumous title is the emperor.
Zhang, the minister of Anzong in Nanming, initially discussed the Chongzhen Emperor Hall in posthumous title, which was a fierce emperor of Zongmin, and Gu Xichou discussed the name of Ganzong or Ganzong. But not adopted. Finally, in June of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, posthumous title, the first emperor, was appointed as the Emperor of Shaotian. He was upright, thrifty, and had four temple names. In February of the first year of Hong Guang, Bingzi was renamed Zong Yi. The king of the Tang Dynasty was appointed as Zong Wei.