Italian climate Most parts of Italy belong to subtropical Mediterranean climate. Italy is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and the Alps in the north block the attack of the cold current on the peninsula in winter, so the climate is mild and sunny. According to the different topography and geographical location, Italy is divided into the following three climate zones: southern peninsula and island zone, Madan plain zone and Alps zone. The climate in these three areas has different characteristics. The southern peninsula and islands have a typical Mediterranean climate, dominated by Atlantic air mass, tropical air mass in summer and temperate air mass in winter. The average temperature in southern Italy is 2~ 10℃ in June and 23~26℃ in July. Bataan Plain belongs to the transitional climate between subtropical zone and temperate zone, and has the characteristics of continental climate, low pressure and humid climate. In Milan and Bologna, it is often foggy in winter, and sometimes it snows. Bataan Plain is hot in summer and cold in winter. The average temperature of 65438+ 10 is 2~4℃ in October and 20~24℃ in July. Cold is the lowest temperature area in China, with an average temperature of-12℃~ 1℃ in winter and 4~20℃ in July. The climate in the Alps has obvious vertical distribution characteristics. With the addition of terrain, the temperature gradually drops. In the lake area at the foot of the Alps, the climate is mild, because the mountains block the cold current from northern Europe, and the lake regulates the cold current. In the Liguria region in the northwest, the climate is very pleasant due to the influence of mountains and seawater. In June+10/October, 5438, the average temperature in Genoa was 7℃, and various southern crops, such as olives, grapes, oranges and peaches, could be planted in this area. There are many exotic flowers and grasses in this area. San Remo is a famous flower center in China, and all kinds of flowers grown by local people are exported to all parts of the world every year.
Rainfall Due to the differences in climate, the rainfall distribution in Italy is not very uniform. The annual rainfall in most parts of the southern part of the peninsula is between 500 ~ 1500mm, with more rain in winter. However, in southern Sicily and Sardinia, the annual rainfall is very small, with an average of less than 500 mm, which is very unfavorable to agricultural production. In Bataan Plain, the annual rainfall is about 600 ~ 1000mm, and the rainy season is concentrated in summer. The rainfall in Alps is the largest in China, mainly concentrated in summer, with the annual rainfall exceeding 1000mm, and even exceeding 3,000mm in some places.
Chile is located in the southwest of South America, at the western foot of the Andes. It borders Argentina in the east, Peru and Bolivia in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the west and Antarctica across the sea in the south. The total length of coastline is about 10000 km. It is the narrowest country in the world, with a length of 4,352 kilometers from north to south and a width of 96.8~362.3 kilometers from east to west. There are many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes in the territory. The climate varies greatly from place to place: the northern part has a tropical desert climate with no rain all the year round; Central subtropical Mediterranean climate, rainy in winter and dry in summer; The climate in the south is rainy temperate broad-leaved forest and frigid grassland. The annual average minimum and maximum temperatures are 8.6℃ and 265438 0.8℃ respectively.
When I travel in Chile, I know that I am immersed in a colorful world and integrated with nature.
All kinds of gorgeous and charming scenery will gather in this narrow country full of contrast, bringing tourists a safe tourist environment, shocking natural scenery and excellent service.
Santiago, the capital of Chile, is the gateway to Chile. San Diego is an international city with a population of 3 million, and all kinds of modern and charming buildings stand in all urban areas of the city. They are the result of the sustained and rapid development of Chile's economy in recent decades, and these buildings constitute the main characteristics of Santiago. Moreover, all kinds of modern buildings here live in harmony with19th century and colonial architecture.
San Diego is a diversified city, but more importantly, it is absolutely safe to travel here: convenient subway transportation network, food gathering place, modern shopping center, excellent infrastructure and advanced engineering construction all guarantee this. San Diego is also the first choice for holding various conferences. Here, you can not only enjoy the scenery of southern and northern Chile, but also experience the scenery of suburbs or mountains a few kilometers away.
Because San Diego is located at the foot of the Andes, it takes less than an hour to enjoy the endless fun of snow sports. Another feature is that when the northern hemisphere is in summer, it is a paradise for skiers. All the year round is the peak season for sports, such as long-distance travel, rock climbing, skydiving, horse riding and so on. Besides, in nearby Cahon? Del? In Mayibo Canyon, you can also practice rafting and kayaking in the ever-changing mountain scenery.
In addition to these charming scenery, you can also taste all kinds of crops, especially wine, which grow on the fertile land of horizontal canyons. While tasting wine, visitors can follow the designed route or visit all vineyards, wineries, bosses' homes and local museums at will. This is the rural area of Chile, and a rider can reflect this world full of folk customs: people wear traditional costumes, drive cattle, live in manors or dance the happy Quetta dance? The traditional dance of the Chilean people.
For those who love beaches, you can enjoy comfortable and relaxing hot springs on the Pacific coast by walking along expressway for about an hour and a half. In a traditional city like Vineyard Mar, known as "Vineyard of the Sea", there are rich nightlife and lively clubs. Mar, a vineyard, is adjacent to the port of Valparaiso. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and most of the buildings were built on the mountains in the19th century, which are still in use today.
Of course, there are also quiet seaside hot springs, such as Black Island. Although the baths here are gentle, they are charming. In the baths of Cachagua and Sapayar, you will occasionally see fishermen fishing leisurely, which gives the Chilean people a belief in the marine tradition.
On the central coast, it is not difficult to enjoy mouth-watering food: special dishes made from local fish and seafood.
Everyone will never forget Easter Island. It takes five hours to fly from San Diego to reach this world-famous tourist attraction. This mysterious and legendary island is famous for its huge stone carvings and is called Moai by the locals. This culture is still full of vitality, which embodies the symbolic significance of Polynesian tradition and integrates with other cultures in the South Pacific. Therefore, for lovers of geology, archaeology and sports, Easter Island must not be missed. Similarly, it is also an ideal place for hiking, horseback riding, fishing and leisure. In addition, visitors here can dive with colorful fish and corals and enjoy a unique experience. The folk arts and exquisite handicrafts on Easter Island are also very famous.
There is also Juan Fernandez Islands, which is not as world-famous as Easter Island, but it is a very distinctive place. It takes about two hours to reach the islands by plane. It consists of three parts: Robinson? Grossod, Santa Clara and Lehand Rosequiko. The name of the first island comes from Lehand? The story of Selkiko's shipwreck is Daniel? Defoe collected it in his novel Robinson Crusoe. This island is also considered as the virgin land of the earth's biosphere.
Starting from San Diego, it takes five hours by car or one hour by plane to reach Serene City, which is a population settlement in the small northern region. In this city, countless beaches and the mysterious Elki Grand Canyon are perfectly and harmoniously combined into a wonderful picture. In Elki Canyon, a grape juice called pisco is produced, which has become a special product of Chile because of its excellent quality and taste.
From San Diego to the north, it takes about two hours to fly to Atacama. Antofagasta is the most densely populated city in the north, the most important mineral port in Chile and the main copper producing area. Further inland is the Atacama Desert. It can be said that there are the most fascinating scenery in Chile shaped by nature: vast and magnificent saline-alkali land, eternal snow volcano and rich lakes. In this vast desert, you will find some small villages with beautiful scenery. Surrounded by oases and nourished by flowing water, people still retain indigenous culture and customs for thousands of years. If you want to travel here, you must pass through Karama, which is 2 15 kilometers away from Atacama. It takes two hours to fly from San Diego.
The capital of Atacama is San Pedro de Atacama, which is a charming city. Don't underestimate the house made of adobe. The facilities inside are first-class and quite complete. It's an hour's drive from Karama. Saint? Pedro? De? Atacama has the highest geothermal field in the world? Tajo geyser, its spray hole can reach several meters high. In addition, visitors can also enjoy the beautiful sunsets and charming natural sculptures formed by salt infiltration and erosion in the moon valley. After the sun went down, the volcanic peaks drew strange patterns around them, forming the moon scenery. Visit the defensive castle built in the12nd century, Father Lepec Archaeological Museum or experience the picturesque oasis for yourself.
Continue north along the coast, and you will reach Iquique, which is 492 kilometers away from Antofagasta and takes two and a half hours by plane from San Diego. With its vast coastline and unique tax-free zone, the city's economy has developed quite rapidly. Another miracle here is the history of the ancient city that is still visible. In the past, the city reached the peak of economic development because of its rich saltpeter. Later, saltpeter was suddenly replaced by chemical technology, and the process gradually disappeared, leaving some illusions for these towns to prove their glory.
After that, others also left their traces. Northern Chile is famous for its abundant "ground paintings", which is a proof of civilization before the discovery of the New World. Atacama Desert, except for its natural barrenness, all its oases have been the source of life in the long history. These oases are the only places where crops can be grown, and it is these oases that breed picturesque villages? Bika and Mattia. In addition, the religious parade of Dyrane Festival commemorates an Inca princess who tried her best to escape from the clutches of the colonists and hid in the Tamaruko forest in the desert.
The northernmost part of Chile is Allica, 307 kilometers away from Iquique, or three and a half hours by plane from Santiago. Because of the unique border location of this city, you can visit Peru and Bolivia at the same time. You can enjoy a fascinating archaeological trip in Assapa Canyon, located in the suburb of Allica. Near the coast of this area, the most amazing cultural relic was unearthed: the mummy of Qinqiaoluo, which is the oldest mummy in the world. These mummies and other 10 thousand-year-old monuments are collected in San? Miguel. De? Asapa Archaeological Museum is 4 km away from Aarika/Kloc-0. If you want to visit plateau areas, starting from Aarika is also a good choice. There are a flat plateau with an average elevation of 4000 meters, a wide variety of animals, lakes, hot springs, snow volcanoes and charming small villages and towns with a long tradition of Aymara culture. Some villages still have16th century churches, which should be part of the religious wealth left by Spanish colonial rule.
After a three-hour drive from Aarika, you will arrive at Chunkara, which is located in Laouca National Park, the highest lake in the world and has become a symbol of the Chilean Plateau. This is the ideal area for observing birds, such as wild ducks, flamenco, alpacas and Guanago.
Once again, take San Diego as the starting point, go south, and enter the lake volcano area from Temuco. After flying from San Diego for more than an hour, a magnificent scenery will immediately appear before our eyes? South American fir virgin forest with a history of thousands of years and countless national parks around it. This is Mapuche town. During the conquest of the New World, people here fought the Spanish for 300 years. Until now, some villages still retain their own language, their mystery and their own customs.
112km away from Tomuk, there are Pukong and Balyarika Lake Baths. On both sides of the lake named after the same name, tourists attracted by its charming beaches, comfortable hotels, entertainment clubs, lively nightlife and the most abundant short trips are gathered. Visit national parks, drift on the Trangula River or ski in the winter center of Vallyalika volcano. This is a paradise for people who like sports, adventure, nature and fishing. There are twelve rivers and lakes around these cities.
At the southern end of lakes and volcanic areas, there are other human wonders. The buildings and food here strongly prove German immigrants. Among the coastal cities, the beautiful city of valdivia is more prominent. It is located at 0/45 km from Puken/Kloc-and it takes two hours to fly from San Diego. Valdivia City runs through the Kayekaye River and its surrounding areas, and people who come here can even enjoy the charming scenery described by ancient Spaniards. Apart from picturesque national parks and interesting rivers such as Puyeue, it is 265,438+00 kilometers away from valdivia, and it takes two hours to fly from San Diego to puerto montt. It is also an ideal place for the picturesque Arnel Helmo to travel and taste local specialties.
On both sides of Ajue Lake, there are beautiful Flod Yaer City, Balas Port and salto Port. De? Outside Pedro Wei and the Sages Lake, there are jewel-like clear water and dense vegetation. There are also Puyeue, Vicente Perez Rosal and Allese Antino National Parks, because these parks protect a large area of grasslands, moist tropical forests, volcanoes, waterfalls and clear rivers, all of which will leave unforgettable memories for the trip.
Starting from Puerto Barras or puerto montt, you can make a trip combining sea navigation and land walking, so you can reach the Argentine city of Baliros Che. Quirrell Island is 90 kilometers from Monteport. This is an island full of myths and legends produced by the integration of indigenous beliefs and Catholic beliefs. There are 150 churches preserved here, all of which were built by Jesus missionaries in 18 and 19 centuries, among which 16 churches have been included in the world human heritage. In addition to its architectural features, in ancient times, people here still kept the marine custom of building houses on wooden pillars, so the water houses here have also become the witness of this custom. The Chilo diet is a mixture of seafood and local crops. The most representative dish on the island is Goral Tuo, which is rich in ingredients, simmered slowly and delicious. Usually this dish is cooked in a pit on the ground.
On this island, several famous villages and towns are Ankut, Castro and Dalkaue. There will be a market in Dalkauai village, where you can enjoy the exquisite handicrafts of the Chiloe people? Some are woven with flax, hand-woven and carved on wood.
Extending southward from puerto montt is the polar highway, with a total length of 1000 km, which passes through lakes, rivers, glaciers, canyons, hot springs and national parks. From here you can enter Patagonia, Chile. It is the southernmost tip of the American continent, and the vast and lush areas on both sides of the mountain range are called Patagonia. This area is basically uninhabited, and only about 2% Chileans live here. Divided into North Patagonia and South Patagonia. To go to northern Patagonia, you can fly from San Diego and pass through Seta in Balma. The journey takes about three hours.
Balmaceta, 55 kilometers away from Koiayikai, is the control center for developing these beautiful scenery and visiting Lake Saint Lafar National Park, where there are drifting drums and San Paredin Glacier. To visit the national park, you can take a boat and enjoy the amazing scenery with the deafening sound of falling ice. Patagonia can be called a real paradise: dense virgin forests, excellent environment for fishing in lakes and rivers. It is also a favorite place for sports and adventure lovers. You can also go rafting or kayaking on the world-famous Furthaler River and Baker River.
A good starting point for visiting southern Patagonia is Punta? Arenas, it takes about four and a half hours to get here from San Diego. From Punta? From the Colosseum to strait of magellan, you can see penguins. Bernays, fortes, was the first enclave established in the polar region of Chile in 1843. There is also a shearing manor in the local area. Of course, you can also take a boat trip here to visit glaciers, Bigger Canal, Tierra del Fuego or visit the port of Williams, which is the southernmost point where human beings can live.
However, the most worth visiting in this area is Panetta National Park. In this biosphere reserve, you can see huge rock and granite towers and horns, which makes this national park famous all over the world. Beautiful lakes, wetlands and glaciers are accompanied by these beautiful scenery, which has the richest fauna in Chile. Panita National Park has one of the most famous drifting routes in the world. Of course, you can also drive or ride horses here to enjoy this unique and beautiful polar scenery. Before arriving at Paini Tower National Park, you must first come to Natales Port, which is far from Punta? Arena is three hours away from here, and it takes three hours to drive to Paini Tower National Park. There are also some short trips from Natales Port, such as going to Miroton Cave. It is in this magical cave that people found the remains of prehistoric animals. Besides, among the many scenic spots in Patagonia, you can also sail to Serrana and Seta Glacier in Balma. From Punta? From the arena, you can also visit the South Pole. To reach this white continent, you can take a plane or a luxurious ship, so that you can pass through several islands and coastal scientific bases on the way and directly contact a primitive life that is completely strange to human beings!
Italian custom
custom
Italians are hospitable and casual, but they don't have a strong sense of time and often miss appointments or are late.
When dining in Italy, it is an Italian custom for men and women to sit separately. Generally speaking, the order of eating is cold dishes first, then the first course, including pasta, soup, rice or other staple foods; The second course includes fish, meat and so on. Then dessert or fruit, ice cream, etc. Finally, coffee.
Pay attention to etiquette when eating, and don't ask too much at a time. Don't let the knife and fork jingle when eating. When eating noodles, roll it up with a fork and send it to your mouth. Don't suck with your mouth, especially when using soup. After each dish is used up, put the knife and fork side by side on the plate, indicating that the dish has been used up. Even if there is any left, the waiter will withdraw the plate.
Italians like to drink, and they are very particular. Usually drink aperitif before eating, order wine according to dishes at dinner, drink white wine when eating fish, drink red wine when eating meat, and drink beer and water at dinner. Drink a small amount of hard liquor with ice after meals. Italians seldom drink too much, and they don't have the habit of persuading wine when eating, so they are very casual.
When invited to a friend's house, especially on holidays, you should bring some gifts or souvenirs to your host. Pay attention to the packaging of gifts. After receiving the gift, the host will open it in front of the guests and say some polite words or thanks. In addition, don't arrive early when you are visiting an Italian family. It's better to be a little late.
(full name)
Italian names consist of surnames and first names. When filling out official documents, I should add your father's name in addition to my own name, and sometimes I should write your mother's name in the order of my surname, my father's name and finally my mother's name.
Dress
Italy's food, clothing, housing and transportation are similar to those of neighboring France. Everyday clothes are mainly suits, but jackets, T-shirts and jeans have now become national uniforms. I usually dress casually, but at work, I pay great attention to dressing up. Some hotels stipulate that you must wear a tie to wear a suit. Even in summer, it is not allowed to wear shirt seats, but it is not necessary to wear national costumes.
prescribe a diet
Italian food is characterized by mellow and fragrant taste, famous for its original flavor, and its cooking skills can be comparable to those of France, while pasta is above France, with more than 400 varieties. Italian breakfast is simple, dinner is dinner, and the meal time is usually very late.
stay
The housing conditions of Italians are similar to those of France, but the rent is much lower than that of France. Generally speaking, the housing conditions in northern Italy are better than those in the south. Not many Italians own a second house.
wedding
Italy is a country greatly influenced by Catholicism. According to the Catholic tradition, weddings should be held in churches, but now more and more people register their marriages in the city hall.
funeral
Since the prevalence of Catholicism, Italians have been buried mainly after their death, and there are cemeteries everywhere. The average Italian will hold a simple religious ceremony in the church after death, and then put the coffin in the prepared grave.
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Fashion etiquette
Chile's clothing industry is developed, and there are various styles of popular clothing on the market, so some people think that Chilean clothing leads the trend in South America. Some local ethnic minorities still wear traditional costumes with distinctive national characteristics. For example, men in Araucan wear wool cloaks.
Etiquette and manners
Chileans are generous and very polite. When working in some local offices, well-trained secretaries are always polite to visitors. They don't usually pick their teeth with toothpicks in front of everyone. If they have to use toothpicks, they can go to the bathroom.
Meeting etiquette
Chileans' nickname for boys is Chinido, which means little China, and Chinida is a nickname for girls, which means little China girl. Chileans usually shake hands as a gift when meeting guests in social situations. When friends and relatives meet, they often hug. Women meet by kissing each other's faces.
dining etiquette
Chileans mainly eat pasta and sometimes rice. They like to eat seafood, beef and mutton, and the vegetables they often eat are potatoes and cucumbers. Chileans eat four meals a day, one in the morning, one at noon, one at 4 pm and one at 9 pm. This meal is easier at four o'clock in the afternoon. Have some snacks.
Wedding and funeral etiquette
Weddings and funerals of Catholics in Chile are handled in accordance with Catholic etiquette. If the wedding is held by a priest in a church, the priest needs to ask both men and women if they agree to get married. The funeral etiquette of the local Arauca people is to bury the deceased in the grave and put some funerary objects beside it. Generally, men put weapons and women put daily necessities.