Importance of logistics distribution service

Urban distribution refers to the logistics distribution service for urban residents, units and enterprises. With the development of urbanization in modern society, the urban population has been increasing, and the importance of urban distribution has been improving day by day.

relevant statistics show that among the 18 million domestic cargo vehicles, there are less than 4 million large tractors (tractors) used in feeder transportation, and the number of medium and heavy trucks (11-15 tons) is basically the same, and the sum of them is also less than half of the total number of freight vehicles. However, in urban distribution, due to the influence of traffic control factors such as traffic restrictions and parking restrictions, some vans (monthly sales are 1.3 million).

transparent management of transportation process of urban distribution is an important application of transparent management practice. Especially after the country forces transport vehicles with more than 8 tons to install satellite navigation and positioning monitoring equipment, vehicles with less than 8 tons as the main body and local non-operating vehicles participate in the grand distribution vehicle category, which has become the main position for market-oriented operators in navigation and positioning industry to carry out commercial service renovation.

the practice of transparent management of transportation process requires that the information about people, vehicles and goods related to transportation be transparently shared with customers, managers and operators, so as to achieve the goals of improving transportation efficiency, reducing operating costs and enhancing customer experience.

data docking of order system, transportation management system, vehicle positioning system and personal handheld intelligent terminals (or smart phone APP, wechat, etc.) of logistics enterprises is the basic skill to realize transparent governance of urban distribution. Optimizing governance system and process, and conducting necessary skills training and performance inspection for employees are the institutional guarantee to realize transparent governance, and both of them are indispensable.

According to the organizational situation of transportation management, urban distribution can be divided into the following categories:

1. Delivery:

It is used in highway special lines and third-party logistics enterprises, and it is important to pick up the goods at the place where they are located and deliver them to the door. The goods belong to the LTL category, which is the logistics operation link between the carrier's warehouse and the origin (or destination) of the goods.

delivery: the carrier receives the customer's instructions, hands over the goods to the designated contact person at the customer's designated place, and loads the goods back to the loading place for temporary storage.

delivery: according to the agreement of the order, the goods are loaded from the warehouse at the place of arrival, transported to the delivery place specified in the order, and delivered to the designated consignee, and the receipt signed by the consignee is returned to the warehouse.

For delivery vehicles of logistics enterprises, individual and short-distance vehicles leave the management (distribution fleet and short-distance fleet). Sometimes, when a customer has a small amount of goods, they can use short-distance feeder vehicles to operate in the city, which can save costs. The delivery business can integrate orders by scheduling, and try to avoid empty driving on the return or departure.

delivery operation is an essential part of road LTL transportation, and it is also the part that can best show the morality of logistics service. At present, the degree of informatization is low, and transparent governance through informatization can greatly enhance the service experience.

second, supermarket distribution:

it is used for the distribution from supermarkets' logistics centers or product suppliers' sub-warehouses to supermarkets, and the transportation from supermarkets to consumers' locations does not belong to this category (belonging to community distribution).

judging from the planning of Shangchao Logistics Center, its distribution radius is within 511KM, vehicles can be returned within one day without considering the return of goods, and some stores in remote cities of enterprises will exceed this interval, which is a helpless special case. Another factor to consider the planning density of logistics distribution center is the density of supermarkets. In practice, it is important to consider the uniform distribution cost at the store.

the distribution from the logistics center to the supermarket is called self-operated distribution, and the distribution from the consumer to the supermarket can be called internal distribution. Its essence is basically the same, only in the order attack and warehousing links are different.

The return trip of Shangchao distribution will bring back a small number of returned goods, pallets and turnover boxes. In order to save costs, some supermarkets can realize the strategy of giving more and returning one, so that the return transportation capacity can take over work and increase local expenses.

most shangchao logistics centers have their own fleets, but more or less there will be several temporary cooperative carriers, and the number of their own vehicles will not exceed the business trough, so as to maximize the utilization rate of vehicles, and the increased goods brought by the business peak will be delivered by the carriers. There are also most supermarkets that outsource the whole distribution.

for the models delivered by Shangchao, large-tonnage vehicles, such as tractors and ton trucks, are mostly delivered by one vehicle and many stores (not more than three in some cases), and most of them are delivered by complete vehicles. Individuals take one delivery every day or two days. In case of emergency, some categories are out of stock, and small vehicles are used for emergency distribution.

3. Distribution in convenience stores:

Convenience stores are characterized by high density and small batch, and their distribution vehicles are individually small trucks (less than 5 tons) or vans, and food such as breakfast is transported by special incubators or refrigerated trucks.

the density of logistics centers in convenience stores is relatively high, and there will be one or more logistics distribution centers in individual provincial capitals, with a distribution radius of 51-111 kilometers, especially for foods that need to be kept fresh and kept warm, and the distribution time limit is very high, and the distribution interval should not be too far.

the route choice of convenience store distribution has great influence on operating cost and timeliness. There are two kinds of line strategies, one is to divide the points and the other is to connect the points into lines. The former is taken when the logistics center is far away from the city center, and the latter is taken when the distribution center is in the center of the distribution network.

When matching vehicle routes in convenience stores, we should consider the balance between drivers' business and expenses, and the familiarity between drivers and convenience store personnel. It is true that the comparison of fixed lines is beneficial to improve the effectiveness of distribution, but the temporary fixing of lines will lead to high local expenses, which will become the reason for other drivers to complain, which is not good for managing drivers. How to balance this conflict is the smart performance of dispatchers.

there is basically no problem of returning goods distribution in convenience stores, because most of its transportation is delivered by turnover boxes, so that every time a certain number of boxes of goods are delivered, the empty boxes delivered in the previous time will be transported back. The turnover box handover is a good way to improve the unloading efficiency of the store, increase the handover fault and increase the waiting time of the vehicle. However, it is necessary to confirm the delivery order in advance when loading, otherwise the unloading will have to be reversed, which will reduce the delivery efficiency, and reserve the necessary space to avoid the dilemma caused by returning to the turnover box for a long time.

The above is the distribution situation of chain convenience stores. Most of the convenience stores in the market are collectively operated. These stores basically have their own replenishment channels, and the suppliers or dealers deliver the goods or the shopkeepers pick them up at the dealer's warehouse. Distributor distribution can be the same as store distribution.

4. Distribution in specialty stores:

The distribution in specialty stores is also complicated, such as tobacco, alcohol, tea, clothing, sporting goods, household appliances, consumer electronics, building materials and household appliances, etc., and its shops are also diverse, including street shops, shopping malls, high-end hotels and retail markets. The distribution of collective convenience stores mentioned above is similar to that of specialty stores.

the distribution characteristics of specialty stores have a great relationship with the products they operate. The important factors that affect the distribution organization are: store planning, lot models and parking restrictions, the quantity of goods ordered by a single store, the complexity of categories and so on.

some specialty store carriers also have to bear the feeder transportation from the manufacturer's warehouse to their own warehouses.

5. cold chain distribution:

cold chain distribution is used in many fields, such as novel fruits and vegetables, dairy products, food (aquatic products, cooked food, meat products, high-grade liquor, etc.), medicine, etc., and it is important to touch the formats of restaurants, supermarkets, convenience stores, pharmacies, etc. Now some advanced cold chain e-commerce companies have also started cold chain express business.

The natural concern of cold chain distribution is temperature. Besides the cold machine, the door opening and closing also have a great influence on the temperature. The influence on the temperature can be minimized by minimizing the opening time and the air replacement amount when opening the door.

cold chain delivery vehicles individually adopt multi-temperature compartments (the compartments are connected into multiple independent spaces, and the temperature in each space is controlled differently), so as to realize the same batch delivery of different products. If goods with different temperature requirements are transported by vehicles in a single temperature zone, different products can also be put into different incubators by adopting a constant temperature box. If the temperature requirements of most goods are consistent, as long as some goods have special requirements, they can be handled by putting the incubator in the refrigerated truck. Goods that are not sensitive to short-term temperature changes can be transported by insulated trucks (such as dried fruits and chocolate products).

The special vehicle of cold chain distribution is the vehicle for transporting aquatic products. In order to ensure freshness, it is necessary to ensure the supply of water and oxygen and the conditioning of temperature during transportation. All these vehicles have special appliances.

VI. Express delivery:

It is divided into two links: shuttle bus and delivery. Shuttle bus refers to the transportation from the transshipment center to the outlet, and delivery refers to the operation between the outlet and the customer by the courier (picking up or delivering).

the operation situation of express shuttle bus can be divided into two types: fixed vehicles at outlets and shuttle bus in series outlets. Individuals adopt fixed vehicle type when the business volume of outlets is large (single volume in one cycle), and when the single volume of outlets is small in one cycle, in order to improve the vehicle utilization rate, or to improve the aging and shorten the cycle time, one vehicle is used to serve multiple outlets, which belongs to the shuttle bus series outlets. Express companies can adopt mixed situations according to the single quantity of different outlets in the region, so as to maximize the timeliness and reduce the cost.

at present, the bus dispatching adopts the prefabricated situation operation, that is, it is certain that the bus operation situation will remain unchanged in an era. This situation is beneficial to the progress of the operation team's work effectiveness by comparing with the standard. The number of express outlets often changes with the difference of day (such as holidays), season change and industry competition. It is obviously unreasonable to realize the ever-changing business with a constant situation.

many companies have begun to try intelligent scheduling, that is, the system can guess the change of cargo volume according to the outlets, and change the lines, outlets and models of shuttle bus operation in real time, so as to achieve the best timeliness and the lowest operating cost.

the courier's picking-up and delivery operations are dexterous and diverse. It is rare that the courier picks up the parts at the outlet, arrives at the distribution area by means of transportation (or driving a vehicle, riding an electric bicycle, walking, public transportation, etc.), and delivers the express mail to the customer in turn and obtains the receipt.

The delivery operation of express delivery can be carried out in a mixed way, but the express delivery companies that pay attention to the timeliness mostly take the situation of delivering and taking.

for express delivery of individual customers, the customer service number is often used to recover the demand information, and the courier will sign the express delivery form and hand it over after he comes to the door. Most commercial customers have express orders shelved by the express company afterwards, and there are couriers who are familiar with them. The customers sign them and put them at the front desk, and agree on a pick-up time. The couriers can pick them up on time.

VII. Community delivery:

Community delivery refers to all non-mail and non-express delivery of goods to consumers' homes. Gas tanks, pure water, fresh milk, newspapers, supermarkets, moving houses, home appliances, take-away and so on all belong to community distribution.

hot fried in the future? O2O? A large part of the concept is related to community distribution. Making good use of traditional offline resources (shops, property management, mailboxes, newspaper delivery, electrical appliances maintenance, etc.) is the crux, and buying the last mile and optimizing the logistics channels for community consumers are the basic goals.

according to different industries (the important thing is different products), the models of community distribution vary widely. Furniture and household appliances use about 5~11 tons of vehicles individually, and electric bicycles are used for express delivery, take-out and water delivery, while shops usually walk to households.

the community distribution in collaboration with the property is absolutely in contrast to the standard, and its information system is also easy to enjoy information. ;