Bai etiquette
Descendants of Dali kingdom
Among the numerous ethnic minorities in Yunnan, the Bai nationality should be the most proud one, because they once established their own kingdom. In 937, Duan Enping, the leader of Bai nationality, was established? Dali kingdom? . Since then, the Bai people have formed a nation with its own language and a long cultural tradition. Yunnan Bai people are mainly distributed in Dali, Lijiang, Baoshan, Nanhua, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Anning and other places.
At present, they still mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, enjoying the leisure of the ancient city of southern Xinjiang in their houses with white walls and blue tiles. Because of the broadcast of five golden flowers, Bai girls are also affectionately called? Jinhua? Young people will naturally become? Peng? .
a love affair
Bai people advocate white and are proud of it. Therefore, men often wear white double-breasted shirts, white or blue loose trousers and a white headband on their heads. Bai women, old and young, like to wear white shirts. The young woman wears a braid on her head and a bright red rope around her white hat.
Since ancient times, Dali has been talked about by the world for its Xiaguanfeng, Shangguanhua, Cangshan Snow and Erhai Moon. Correspondingly, the hats of Bai women are also called? Romantic? .
The tassel of the hat hangs down at will and floats around, which represents the cold of the Xiaguan wind blowing on the face; The hat is embroidered with blooming camellias, azaleas and those unbeaten flowers in four seasons. There are also carefully combed white fluff on the hat, which undoubtedly represents the snow in Cangshan, pure and clean, and does not melt in the hot sun. The arc of the whole hat is a beautiful moon shining on Erhai Lake.
Tea smells good.
The Bai people are hospitable and treat their guests with tea. Is it owned by the people Wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit? Say, so people can't pour tea for guests. The guests are here. Will the Bai people come? Three cups of tea? Hospitality, this way of drinking tea belongs to the category of tea culture.
The daily diet of Bai people in Dali varies with local products. People in Pingba area live on rice and wheat, while people in mountainous areas live on corn and buckwheat. Common vegetables are cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans, peppers and so on. Among the dietary customs of the Bai people, the following have national characteristics.
speciality
There are many specialties of Bai nationality, but the most famous ones are bait blocks and milk fans. Bait blocks, also called Baba, are wrapped in steamed rice balls, such as walnuts, sugar and marinated rot, and baked on charcoal fire. After baking, eat it while it's hot. It's soft and fragrant.
The milk fan is a dairy product, which is it? Eighteen eccentrics in Yunnan? Are you online? Milk is sold by the piece? The high-quality milk produced in Eryuan is made into thin slices after solidification and air drying. It can be eaten raw or fried, with attractive color, instant taste and endless aftertaste.
Secondly, rawhide is a unique dish of Bai nationality. This is roasting a whole pig or sheep on a straw fire. When it is half-cooked, remove the hair and bake it until the flesh is golden yellow. When eating, cut the meat into shredded pork or sliced meat, and add ginger, onion, garlic, stewed plum, pepper, glutinous rice and other seasonings. It is delicious and fresh, and it is a national delicacy for entertaining guests.
Raw skin, also called white skin? Haig? On holidays, Bai people always have a very special home-cooked dish, cold rice noodles. There are generally two ways to eat raw skin and raw meat: one is that raw skin and seasoning are not put together and eaten together with seasoning; One is to mix raw skin and raw meat with seasoning, so Dali raw skin is a unique delicacy. In addition, there are carved plum, stewed plum and roasted tea? Many snacks are waiting for you to taste!
Sing a song for love
Although many ethnic minorities are famous for their ability to sing and dance, the singing method like Bai nationality is unique. Whether it is March Street in Dali from March 15 to 20, or Erhai West Coast Opera from July 23 to August 23, it is inseparable from singing and dancing.
Every year, from July 26th to August 1 day of the lunar calendar, thousands of young men and women from all over Dali spontaneously gather together to attend the Shi Baoshan Song Festival. They rang the three strings of the tap and used songs to find the opposite sex that suited them. At this time, everyone will pay attention to singing, which can narrow the distance and get the attention of the opposite sex.
The lead singer Black Boy, sometimes in order to compete for singing, achieved? Fight? Victory will even be sung for three days and nights until the other party gives up or becomes hoarse. This persistent spirit blends with the tenacity of pursuing love.
After pregnancy, Bai women wear a two-room apron with hinges and fold the first page in half at their waist to show happiness. Outsiders should know how to pay attention to key protection when meeting. If a pregnant woman is accidentally injured, it should ensure the safety of mother and child after delivery. If you accidentally break into the parturient's house, you must send the parturient a bowl of fresh thick rice soup, brown sugar, eggs, sweet white wine and a pot of trotters stewed leek roots.
Bai etiquette taboo
Bai people's hospitality, courtesy before guests is the etiquette of Bai people. The guests came home and entertained each other with wine and tea. The famous three tea is the hospitality of the Bai people. Bai people generally only pour half a cup of tea, but they need a full cup of wine. They think that wine is full of respect and tea is full of deception. Being warmly received by the Bai people, we should say "thank you" and express our gratitude and gratitude.
Respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of the Bai people. When you see the old man, you should take the initiative to say hello, say hello, give up your seat, and offer tea and cigarettes. The first cup of morning tea after getting up should be given to the elderly first. When eating, let the old man sit on the table and let the old man move chopsticks first. Don't swear in front of the old people, and don't cross your legs. In some mountainous areas, Bai family members have relatively fixed seats. Generally, male elders sit on the upper left, female elders sit on the upper right, and guests and younger generations sit on the upper and lower sides. The fireplace of Bai people's family is a sacred place. It is forbidden to spit in the fireplace, and it is forbidden to cross the fireplace. The threshold of Bai people's families is also taboo to sit on people. Tools used by men should not be worn by women. People who wear mourning clothes are forbidden to enter the family, thinking that it will bring impurity to the family.
Etiquette and Taboo in Festivals and Sacrificial Activities
March Street is a grand festival for the Bai people, which lasts from March 15 to the 20th of the lunar calendar every year. In addition, the Bai people, like the Han people, celebrate the Spring Festival every year from the first day to the tenth day of the first lunar month, and the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is the ancestor worship festival. Bai people have many etiquette taboos in festivals. Killing is prohibited during the annual March rally of the Bai people in Yuanjiang County or during the Tian Zi Temple Fair. Bai people in Dali are not allowed to use knives, carry water, splash water or sweep the floor on the first day of the Lunar New Year. Bai people in Nujiang worship their ancestors before dinner on New Year's Eve. It is forbidden for outsiders to ask for what they lend to others on New Year's Eve, otherwise the regime change will not be smooth and the food will not be abundant in the coming year. Therefore, things borrowed from other people's homes must be returned to others before the New Year's Eve. The seventh day of the lunar calendar is Women's Day. Women don't cook, carry water or do any other work, but entertain themselves. Men's Day is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, and men rest. Bai people in Yunlong county are not allowed to wander around in July and a half.
Etiquette and Taboo in Wedding, Funeral and Wedding
After pregnancy, Bai women wear a two-room apron with hinges and fold the first page in half at their waist to show happiness. Outsiders should know how to pay attention to key protection when meeting. If a pregnant woman is accidentally injured, it should ensure the safety of mother and child after delivery. In some places, pregnant Bai women cannot enter the bridal chamber of the bride and groom. After the baby falls to the ground, whoever steps into the door of the maternal home first is stepping on life. Bai people believe that whoever tramples on life will be like a child in the future. Bai people are most afraid of people stepping on their lives, so after the child is born, the family should immediately spread three arcs at the door with white lime and tie a green bamboo strip on the threshold. If a boy is born, a straw sandal should be added under the green bamboo slips, and some even nail a basket bottom on the gate to show taboo. If you accidentally break into the parturient's house, you must send the parturient a bowl of fresh thick rice soup, brown sugar, eggs, sweet white wine and a pot of trotters stewed leek roots. On the morning of the third day after delivery, the maternal family members should invite porridge guests or porridge guests. Guests who go to Bai people's homes to cook porridge and rice should pack eggs, brown sugar, children's clothes and children's hats in bamboo baskets to show their congratulations. In Dali and Jianchuan, after giving birth, the host will invite the first guest to eat poached egg jiaozi, and the guest can't refuse, otherwise the host will be angry.