Outline of geography review for the next semester in Grade Two

Chapter 5:

1. There are many different types of geographical areas, some of which are natural areas, such as the Pearl River Delta; Some are economic areas, such as industrial areas; Some are administrative regions, such as Xizang Autonomous Region. The same geographical area may have multiple "identities" at the same time.

2. According to the different geographical location, natural and human geographical characteristics, China can be divided into four geographical regions, namely, northern region, southern region, northwest region and Qinghai-Tibet region. Among them, the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River are the dividing lines between the northern region and the southern region.

3. There are obvious differences in topography, climate, river flow and vegetation types between the northern and southern regions of China. Affected by the natural environment, people in the northern and southern regions also have great differences in production methods, living habits and cultural traditions.

Comparison of differences between southern China and northern China:

Comparison project Qinling-North of Huaihe River-South of Huaihe River

Average temperature in October (higher than 1/lower than 1) is lower than 1 and higher than 1

Annual precipitation is much less

The main topographic plains and plateaus are mainly plains, basins and plateaus, Hilly crisscross

Vegetation type temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Small river flow

Farming system: one crop per year or three crops per year or three crops per year

Cultivated land type: dryland paddy field

Food crops: wheat and rice

Traditional transportation: horse and carriage

Traditional sports: skiing, ice skating, dragon boat racing and swimming

4. The topography of northwest China is plateau and basin. The eastern part is dominated by grassland and desert landscape; There is a large area of desert in the western basin; Only rare oases appear at the edge of the basin. All this shows that the northwest region is a region with drought as its main natural feature.

5. Qinghai-Tibet region is a unique region because of its high terrain, and another remarkable natural feature that comes with "high" is "cold".

6. Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet are the main pastoral areas in China. Inner Mongolia is mainly temperate grassland pasture; Xinjiang is mainly mountainous pasture; Qinghai and Tibet are mainly alpine pastures. Three hippos and three cattle in Inner Mongolia, fine-wool sheep in Xinjiang, yak in Qinghai-Tibet, Tibetan sheep and Tan sheep in Ningxia are all famous livestock breeds.

7. In addition to animal husbandry, people in northwest China use river water and melted water from mountains and snow to develop irrigated agriculture.

Chapter VI:

1. Beijing is the political and cultural center of the whole country and also the center of international exchanges. The Great Hall of the People is the seat of the NPC Standing Committee, and Zhongnanhai is the seat of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.

2. The urban pattern of Beijing Imperial Palace is a "convex" shape, which is the representative work of the planning and construction of Chinese capitals in past dynasties.

3. There are countless places of interest in Beijing, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Temple of Heaven, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site,

Among them, the Forbidden City in Beijing is the largest and most well-preserved palace complex in the world.

4. In order to enhance international competitiveness and service functions, on the one hand, Beijing has stepped up infrastructure construction, planned and built key functional areas including the Central Business District and the International Media Avenue, as well as urban rapid rail transit and expressway; On the other hand, actively develop high-tech industries, improve urban management efficiency and service quality, and build an urban environment where people and the environment are harmonious.

5. Hong Kong consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and New Territories and more than 211 islands around them, while Macau consists of Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island. Hong Kong and Macao are among the regions with the highest population density in the world.

6. Hong Kong and Macao are two special administrative regions in China. Our government has formulated the policy of "one country, two systems", and the mainland of our country implements the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Macao implement the capitalist system.

7. Hong Kong has a large population and a small population. "Going to heaven"-building high-rise buildings and "going to sea"-reclaiming land from the sea have become two important ways for Hong Kong to expand its urban construction land.

8. The tertiary industry in Hong Kong and Macao is very developed. Hong Kong is an international trade center, transportation center, financial center, information service center and tourism center. Gambling tourism is an important pillar industry of Macao's economic development.

9. For a long time, Hong Kong and Macao have maintained close economic ties with the mainland of China, especially in Hong Kong. Mainland China is rich in natural resources and labor resources, while Hong Kong is rich in capital, technology, talents and management experience. The economic cooperation between Hong Kong and the mainland of China is complementary and mutually beneficial.

11. entrepot trade refers to a form of trade in which goods purchased from one country are sold directly to other countries without being sold locally. The mainland of China is Hong Kong's largest entrepot trading partner.

11. Taiwan Province Province includes Taiwan Province Island, and many small islands such as Penghu Islands and Diaoyu Islands nearby. Taiwan Province Island is the largest island in China, bordering the East China Sea in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, the South China Sea in the south and Fujian Province across the Taiwan Province Strait in the west.

12, Taiwan Province Island is a rich treasure island, known as "the pearl of the southeast sea of the motherland". About half of the land on the island is covered with dense forests and has the reputation of "Asian Natural Botanical Garden". Cinnamomum camphora is the most famous tree species in Taiwan Province, and its camphor production ranks first in the world.

13. Before 1961s, Taiwan Province's economy was dominated by agriculture and agricultural products, and it exported cane sugar, pineapple, rice and camphor. Since 1961s, Taiwan Province has focused on developing export processing industry, forming an "import-processing-export" economy.

14. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is the largest province in China. The mountains and basins in Xinjiang are distributed alternately, forming the topographic feature of "three mountains and two basins". The majestic Tianshan Mountains span the central part of Xinjiang, with Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin on the north and south sides respectively.

15. There are thousands of oases in Xinjiang, which are the most important agricultural production bases. Wheat, corn, sorghum and so on are the main crops here, and cotton, sugar beet and many kinds of melons and fruits have become the characteristic agricultural products of Xinjiang oases. Karez is an ancient water diversion project, which has been used by oasis residents in Xinjiang for a long time.

16. It is predicted that Xinjiang's oil and natural gas reserves account for about 1/3 of the country's total land reserves. With the gradual implementation of the national energy strategic decision of "stabilizing the east and vigorously developing the west", Xinjiang is expected to become an important oil and natural gas industrial base in China. The implementation of the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project will rapidly increase the local fiscal revenue and alleviate the energy shortage in the eastern region.

Chapter VII:

1. The Pearl River Delta is located in the southeast of Guangdong Province, with convenient land and sea transportation, and is called the "South Gate" of China.

The Pearl River Delta has formed a multi-level open system, including special economic zones (Shenzhen and Zhuhai), coastal open cities (Guangzhou) and economic open areas (the whole Pearl River Delta).

2. Taking advantage of the superior conditions here, the Pearl River Delta has attracted a lot of overseas Chinese investment (the main source of foreign investment in the Pearl River Delta is Hong Kong and Macao) and has become the frontier of China's opening up.

3. Since 1981s, the Pearl River Delta has taken advantage of its superior geographical position close to Hong Kong and Macao, accepted the industrial diffusion of Hong Kong and Macao nearby, introduced a large amount of foreign capital, and at the same time introduced advanced technology and equipment, management methods and the latest industrial and commercial science and technology information, established a large number of processing and manufacturing enterprises, and developed an export-oriented economy.

4. The products produced in the Pearl River Delta are mainly exported to Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa, America, Oceania and other regions through Hong Kong and Macao trade channels, earning a lot of foreign exchange. By the end of the 21th century, it has become one of the largest production and export bases of electronic and daily consumer goods in the world.

5. The cooperation between Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta region is based on "store in front and factory in back". Hong Kong takes advantage of overseas trade window, carries out marketing and external sales, and plays the role of "store". The Pearl River Delta region takes advantage of land, natural resources and labor force to process, manufacture and assemble products and play the role of "factory".

6. The development of processing and manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta has promoted the development of catering, entertainment, transportation and other service industries. These non-agricultural industries have provided a large number of employment opportunities for local surplus labor, and also absorbed millions of foreign labor.

7. With the development of non-agricultural industries and the migration of population, more and more agricultural land in the Pearl River Delta has been changed into industrial, transportation and urban construction land. These non-agricultural land is adjacent to the remaining agricultural land, forming a unique land use landscape with staggered distribution of residential land, industrial land, infrastructure land and agricultural land.

8. Xishuangbanna is the most intact place in China except Hainan Province. Tall and straight trees looking up to heaven, huge plate roots, cruel strangulation plants, and majestic "single tree into a forest" are all unique landscapes of the rainforest.

9. There are thousands of kinds of animals living in Xishuangbanna, including Asian elephants, green peacocks and other national key protected animals. People vividly call it the "Tropical Animal Kingdom".

11. Xishuangbanna is also a place where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, and the diverse ethnic customs with the Dai as the main body have added infinite charm to Xishuangbanna.

11. For a long time, Xishuangbanna has been dominated by agricultural production. Since the mid-1981s, with the encouragement of the relevant policies of the state and Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna has made tourism rapidly rise to become an important pillar industry by virtue of its unique location and resource advantages.

Chapter 8:

1. The largest loess accumulation area in the world is the Loess Plateau, which is one of the regions with the most serious soil erosion in the world.

2. Soil erosion has taken away the fertile soil on the surface and reduced the crop yield; Increase, expand and deepen the valleys, thus reducing the cultivated land area; It also transports a lot of sediment to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, causing great difficulties in river regulation and flood control.

3. The loess plateau has a broken terrain and a relatively dry climate, which not only causes serious soil erosion, but also causes a variety of natural disasters frequently. Drought and flood disasters are the most important natural disasters in the loess plateau, so the ecological environment of the loess plateau is very fragile.

4. In order to achieve sustainable social and economic development in the Loess Plateau, we must strengthen ecological construction and improve the environment. On the one hand, biological measures such as planting trees and grass should be combined with engineering measures such as building terraces and repairing earth dams to control soil erosion; On the other hand, reasonable arrangements should be made for production activities, such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands on steep slopes, and reducing the number of grazing livestock in overgrazing areas.

5. The area along the Yangtze River is a typical "banded" area, which is not only superior in geographical position, but also endowed with unique natural conditions, laying a solid foundation for the development of this area, which is the focus of national economic development.

6. The area along the Yangtze River connects the economically developed coastal areas with the resource-rich western areas, forming an English letter "H" pattern, which is the link between the east and the west.

7. The area along the Yangtze River is an important agricultural area in China, and has a solid industrial base. At present, it has developed into one of the most dynamic high-tech industrial development zones in China. Through many north-south tributaries and traffic arteries, these economic and technological advantages can radiate to the north and south, making the north-south economy of our country integrated.

8. There are many cities along the Yangtze River, with dense towns in the middle and lower reaches and few cities in the upper reaches. Among them, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing are the regional economic, cultural and transportation centers, which have a strong radiation and driving effect on regional economic development. On the basis of these four megacities, four urban agglomerations centered on them have been formed respectively.

9. The Yangtze River is a highly developed comprehensive industrial zone in China. At present, four industrial bases have been formed from east to west. Industrial bases such as steel, petrochemical, automobile and textile are distributed along the river, which constitutes the embryonic form of the "industrial corridor" stretching from east to west in China.

11. In the process of large-scale development along the Yangtze River, a series of ecological and environmental problems have emerged, such as soil erosion, floods (the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the most concentrated, serious and frequent areas of floods in the Yangtze River basin), water pollution and acid rain.

11. Acid rain can lead to acidification of water and soil, causing corrosive harm to plants and buildings. The acid rain area in Central China has the largest acid rain pollution range and the highest central intensity, while the acid rain area in Southwest China is the second most serious acid rain area, and the pollution intensity in East China is lower than that in Central China and Southwest China.

Chapter 9:

1. Vast territory and great regional differences are a basic national condition of our country. In order to achieve sustainable development, a region needs to develop its economy according to local conditions and strengthen the links between regions.

2. A large population and a low per capita GNP is another basic national condition of our country. The world in the 21th century is a world of economic globalization. China should actively integrate into the process of economic globalization and seek development in the world.