Huitong county is located in the southwest of Hunan province, with Xuefeng Mountain in the east and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the south. It is a well-known "hometown of trees" in China. It covers an area of 2,244.46 square kilometers, governs 7 towns and 18 townships, and has a population of 342,111, with the population of 17 ethnic minorities including Dong, Miao, Yao and Man accounting for 63.6%. Canal and witch rainwater flows through the whole territory.
Huitong has a long history. Ancestors flourished as early as the Neolithic Age. In the Western Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, it was the county of Juancheng. In the eighth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, it was located in Langxi County. In the second year of Chongning in Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1113), it was changed to Huitong County. Hard-working and brave people have worked hard in this rich land, creating brilliant culture and brilliant achievements.
Huitong, with its unique location and convenient transportation, has always been the throat of political, economic and cultural exchanges in the border areas of Hunan and Guizhou. Roads, railways and waterways in the territory are criss-crossed, with mountains and forests in the territory. National Highway 219 runs through the north and south of the county, and Qushui and Wushui rivers run through the whole territory from south to north and merge into Yuanjiang River.
Huitong county is rich in natural resources. There are more than 21 kinds of metal and nonmetal mineral deposits, among which gold products rank in the forefront of the province; Forest covers a wide area and is one of the national commodity timber bases; The output of Phyllostachys pubescens ranks first in the province; The citrus area is 71,111 mu, with an annual output of 1.5 million tons, which is the basic county of citrus in the province. Huitong county is the hometown of tea, Langjiang tea is a royal tribute to the Qing court, and Baotian green tea is a famous tea in the province.
the industry in Huitong county is on the rise, initially forming a relatively complete industrial system with forestry, building materials, machinery, electric power, chemical industry, mining and food processing as its pillars. In close cooperation with 128, an industrial enterprise at or above the township level in the county, there are 8 enterprises that produce export products, and together with 6 kinds of products such as pumps, they have successively won the titles of provincial and ministerial excellence; 12 kinds of products, such as electrolytic manganese, inositol, rosin, canned food, wood and bamboo weaving technology, are sold in 36 countries and regions and are well received by foreign businessmen.
Huitong county has developed transportation and communication, abundant energy and increasingly perfect investment environment. Zhiliu Railway and National Highway 219 run through the whole territory, with four highways extending in all directions and intertwined as a network; There are 57 large and small docks in the drainage area, and the cargo shipping can go straight to Nanjing and Shanghai. The total installed capacity of 35 hydropower stations such as Langjiang Power Station and Huitong Power Plant reached 42,111 kilowatts; Open 5111 program-controlled telephones, which can be directly used at home and abroad; Yuyuan Hotel, Yinhe Bar and other high-grade and mid-range hotels, restaurants, dance halls and bars are rich in content and thoughtful in service; Commodity market, material market, talent labor market and other markets are unprecedentedly prosperous.
In conjunction with traditional local products, there are mainly tung tree, camellia oleifera, mushroom, auricularia, magnolia slice, orange, navel orange, waxberry and kiwi fruit. At the same time, the territory is rich in mineral resources and hydraulic resources, and more than 21 kinds of minerals such as gold, aluminum and bituminous coal have been proved, especially gold and bituminous coal. There are many streams, and the water system is developed. There are 725 big streams and rivers, with a total length of 2,331 kilometers, including 7 rivers with a basin area of more than 1,111 square kilometers. Sheep breeding in forest grassland has reached a scale, with an annual feeding capacity of more than 311 thousand. Relying on the advantages of mountain resources, Huitong has established an industrial system focusing on bamboo and wood, hydropower, minerals and agricultural products processing.
It belongs to the humid climate zone of mid-subtropical monsoon, with an average annual temperature of 16.7℃, moderate cold and summer, and distinct four seasons. Shan Qi, Huitong County, is beautiful in water and beautiful in scenery. There are nearly 21 places of interest in the territory that can be visited, with lush forests, rich folk customs and far-reaching history and culture. The main tourist attractions are: the high-chair ancient village known as the "treasure of Chinese culture", the "architectural history book" of ancient houses and the "folk museum"; * * * The former residence and memorial hall of Su Yu, the first general of the Republic of China; The ecologically beautiful Eagle Mouth National Nature Reserve; Leisure and romantic ecological drifting in Jinlong Gorge. The rich and colorful cultural landscape and unique ecological environment here are a resort for people to relax, sightseeing, summer vacation and recuperate, which makes people linger.
Physical geography Huitong County belongs to the middle and low mountainous area, with the terrain slowly inclining from north to south, from east and west sides to the middle, and the exposure to the south is slightly west, with a general gradient of 21-41 degrees and an elevation of about 511 meters. There are several small basins in the territory. There are three mountains lying in the northwest of Huitong County (Xuefeng Mountain is 1477.4m, Jinlong Mountain is 1175m and Baxian Mountain is 744m)
Xuefeng Mountain
The two different natural landscapes in Hunan Province and the watershed between Yuanjiang and Zishui. Located in the west of the central part of the province, the southern turning zone of the second-class terrain ladder in China, the eastern slope of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau transits to the eastern side of Jiangnan hills; It is a unique geographical unit.
Xuefeng Mountain belongs to the southwest section of "primitive Jiangnan ancient land", showing an arc structure protruding to the northwest. A set of strata composed of shallow metamorphic slate, metamorphic sandstone and phyllite are widely distributed in Lengjiaxi Group and Banxi Group of the Pre-Sinian system, and metamorphic clastic rocks of the Sinian system are also well developed, with outcrops among strata composed of slate, limestone and fine sandstone of the Early Paleozoic Cambrian-Silurian system. Due to the uplift of Caledonian movement, a series of north-north-east to north-east uplift and depression were formed; Under the strong influence of Yanshan movement, a series of NE-trending faults and folds were produced, which further laid the structural and geomorphological pattern of Xuefeng Mountain.
Xuefeng Mountain is an ancient uplift mountain with a positive structure, which starts from Da Nanshan on the border of Hunan and Guangxi in the south, and its tail is inclined in Dongting Lake area, stretching over 311 kilometers and spanning 81-121 kilometers. It has a ridge of peaks and mountains over 1,111 meters, with the elevation of the middle ridge of 1,211-1,711 meters, and the elevation of Subaoding of the main peak Luoweng Bamian Mountain is 1,934 meters. Affected by the intermittent uplift and external force, the mountain presents multi-level stripping surfaces such as 911 ~ 1111 meters, 651 ~ 811 meters, 451 ~ 551 meters and 241 ~ 351 meters. The cutting depth of ravines varies from 1.51 to 751 meters, and with the development of faults, the ridges and valleys alternate with each other. On both sides of the whole mountain, the terrain is steep on the east slope and gently inclined on the west slope. The tributaries of Yuanjiang River, such as Wushui, Xushui and Yiwangxi, Zishui Xiyuan and its tributaries, Pingxi and Chenxi, all come from both sides of the mountain. The two main streams cut through the north-central section of Xuefeng Mountain, and the river turns in an "S" shape, forming a canyon.
Leng Xia is cool, humid and rainy in winter in mountainous areas. The average annual temperature of Xuefeng Meteorological Station at a height of 1,415 meters is 11.5℃, the average monthly temperature in October is-1.5℃, the average annual temperature in July is 18.3℃, the annual precipitation is 1,781 mm, the relative humidity is 87%, the foggy days are 247 days, the annual sunshine hours are 1,144 hours, and the annual snow days are 19 days. The main soil in the mountainous area is yellow soil, which is distributed at an altitude of 211 ~ 1111 meters; Yellow brown soil is distributed in the area of 1111 ~ 1411 meters, and the top is mountain meadow soil. Forest vegetation has obvious vertical belt spectrum, which is located at the intersection of central China flora and southern China flora, and has more Guizhou-Guangxi flora components, belonging to the middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt. Forest resources account for about 51-61% of the province's total. Cephalotaxus fortunei, Phoebe bournei, Fragrant Fruit Tree, Schima superba, Taxus chinensis and Golden Leaf can be seen in primary secondary forest areas such as □ stream (Dongkou), Bamian Mountain (Qianyang), Huangshuang Mountain (Suining), Zhucha Mountain (Chengbu), Yunshan Mountain (Wugang) and Jiefushan Mountain (Xinning). Forest musk deer, hairy-crowned deer, water deer, South China tiger, leopard, golden pheasant, yellow-bellied pheasant, golden pheasant, silver pheasant, lovesickness and other rare birds and animals often inhabit it. Minerals include iron, manganese, antimony, tungsten, lead, zinc, copper and gold. The rivers that originate from and flow through mountainous areas are rich in hydropower resources, and there are many water conservancy and hydropower projects such as Zhexi Hydropower Station and Dazhen Reservoir. Land transportation has highway trunk lines from Shaoyang and Changde in the east, crossing the mountain pass and entering the western Hunan area; The Hunan-Guizhou Railway connects the east and west sides along the mountain pass between Zishui and Yuanjiang.
land resources
according to the latest statistics of Huitong county land and resources bureau in 2112, the total land area of Huitong county is 2244.46 square kilometers. In which:
cultivated land: the actual cultivated land area at the end of the year was 22,116.52 hectares, accounting for 9.85% of the total land area. The area of cultivated land increased by 1.63 hectares in that year, including 1.63 hectares of newly opened wasteland. The cultivated land area reduced in that year was 62.44 hectares. The per capita arable land is 1.75 mu.
Garden: covers an area of 4,191.62 hectares, accounting for 1.82% of the total land area. Among them, the orchard area is 3982.31 hectares and the tea garden area is 119.31 hectares. Woodland: It covers an area of 1.77935.56 hectares, accounting for 79.28% of the total land area, with a timber accumulation of 5.29 million cubic meters and a bamboo accumulation of 42.39 million. It is a national commodity timber base county and a bamboo base county, especially the Chinese fir, which is tall, straight, knotless, fast-growing and high-yielding, and is famous both inside and outside the province. Grassland: covers an area of 16.35 hectares, including natural grassland of 15.99 hectares.
residential area and industrial and mining land: the area is 3,759.43 hectares, accounting for 1.67% of the total land area. Among them, there are 238.66 hectares of urban areas, 263.71 hectares of independent industrial and mining land, 3164.95 hectares of rural settlements, and the rest are special land. Traffic land: the area is 1,415.33 hectares, accounting for 1.63% of the total land area. Including 92.74 hectares of railways, 542.12 hectares of highways and 781.47 hectares of rural roads. Water area: 5959.4 hectares, accounting for 2.66% of the total land area. Among them, the river water surface is 2941.55 hectares, the reservoir water surface is 319.67 hectares, the pit water surface is 285.98 hectares, and the tidal flat is 2413.2 hectares. Unused land: 9162.17 hectares, accounting for 4.19% of the total land area. Among them, the grassland is 1532.84 hectares. There are 342.67 hectares of bare soil and 7286.59 hectares of bare rock and gravel terrain.
mineral resources
There are more than 61 kinds of proven mineral resources, mainly gold, limestone and coal. The main controlled deposits are barite, gold, limestone, phosphorus, antimony, manganese, zinc, cobalt, iron, vanadium, uranium, sulfur, coal, crystal and clay.
Animal and plant resources
There are 1729 species of animal and plant resources, including 618 species of trees, more than 411 species of wild medicinal materials, and more than 51 species of trees in precious trees, among which, 5 species are listed as second-class national protection, 6 species are third-class protection and 11 species are provincial key protection. There are more than 31 species of precious wild animals, 1 species under national second-class protection, 4 species under third-class protection and 12 species under provincial key protection. There are 2.38 million mu of grassland in China, with a theoretical reserve of 1.91 million kilowatts of hydropower and 1.21 million kilowatts that can be developed and utilized. Historical evolution
Huitong County has a long history, and ancestors flourished as early as the Neolithic Age. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to Chu State. The Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms belong to Wuling County. In the period of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was Wuyang County, Liangwei Longxi County, and Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty for eight years. In Song Ningyuan, Sanjiang County was established, and in two years it was renamed Huitong County, belonging to Jingzhou. In October, 1949, Huitong County belonged to Huitong District. Since then, its subordinate relationship has changed with the change of the name of the district (place name).
customs
October 27th (October 26th of the lunar calendar) is the anniversary of the death of Yang Zaisi, the leader of ethnic minorities in history (869-957 AD). In Shaxi Township, Huitong County, Hunan Province, drums sounded, colorful flags hunted, crowds gathered, and gunfire burst. The local people held a grand folk sacrifice to commemorate the 1148th anniversary of the death of the ancestor Yang Zaisi-carrying a wooden statue of Yang Zaisi around the market town of Shaxi Township in a sedan chair, commonly known as "carrying Yang Taigong Bodhisattva" as a memorial.
Yang Zaisi was born on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month in the 11th year of Tang Xiantong (AD 869) and died on October 26th in the 4th year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (AD 957). He was 88 years old and was buried in Changlinggang, Liping County, Guizhou Province. He was the chief of Feishanman in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and was called "Feishanman". In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the vassal regions became independent, the royal family declined, and there were disputes all over the world. At that time, Miao and Dong ethnic groups in the southern part of Xuzhou (now Qiancheng, hongjiang city) gradually flourished under the leadership of leaders Pan Jinsheng and Yang Zaisi, forming a national group centered on Jingzhou Feishan-"Feishanman". In the third year of Tang Gan-ning (AD 896), Ma Yin first occupied Hunan, arrogated to himself the King of Chu, and sent troops to invade Chengzhou. In the third year of Kaiping in Houliang (AD 919), Song Ye, a man in Chenzhou (now Yuanling), and Pan Chengsheng, a man in Syria, supported each other. Song led his troops to attack Xiangtan and Pan led his troops to attack Wugang. In the first year of Houliang Ganhua (AD 911), Ma Yin sent Lu Shizhou, the secretariat of Zhaozhou (now Pingle County, Guangxi), and led five thousand troops of Hengshan to beg for it. Lu Shizhou led his troops from the city path to Feishan, climbed the vine and stone, divided the army and laid a fence, went to the cave to behead Yang Yonglei, captured Pan Jinsheng and killed him in Wugang, killing 3,111 people and destroying his camp.
forced by this situation, in order to save his strength and avoid being completely destroyed by the Ministry of Ma Yin, Yang Zaisi commanded the rest of the "Flying Mountain Man" and attached his land to Chu, which made him the secretariat of Chengzhou. This not only saved Feishanman, who was on the verge of death, but also made him gain legal status and laid a solid political foundation for his development. After Yang Zaisi took over from Chu, he set up ten caves, such as Guzhou (now Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province), Longli, Tanxi, Hongzhou, Bajiao, Huer, Zhonglin, Liangzhai Ouyang and Xinhua (all of which belong to Liping County, Guizhou Province), and took charge of them with their family names. His twelfth son (including his younger brother's second son) was divided into Yunnan and Guizhou by land; The eldest son, Zheng Long, granted Zhizhou, and Tong Yun lived in Wugang; The second son, Zheng Tao, granted knowledge of the county and lived in Luomeng (now Tongdao County); The third son was politically repaired, granted a secretariat, and lived and defended the truth (now Suining); The fourth son made a political agreement, granted the prefecture, and lived in Chenzhou (now Yuanling); Wu Zi was politically inflammatory, had no official, and lived in Luoyan (now in the northeast of Tongdao County, formerly known as Luoyandong); Six sons were in charge of the government, granted the knowledge of the state, and lived in Dongshan (now northwest of Sui County); Seven sons of political rock, granted to the Lord, lived in Huer (now Liping County) and merged into Qujiang River (now Jingzhou County); Eight sons, Zheng Song, granted the capital department and lived in the Yellow River (now southwest of Liping County); Jiuzi regime, granted too much comfort, lived in Tanxi (now the eastern part of Liping County); The ten sons were in charge of the government, granted the capital system, and lived in the promised land (now southwest of Liping County); Eleven sons were honored and appeased, and stationed in Lizhou (now Lixian County, Hunan Province); Twelve sons of political balance, grant all the envoys, and live in Xifan. At the same time, Yang also established a feudal territorial system with the seven characters of "Zai, Zheng, Tong, Guang, Chang, Sheng and Xiu", which promoted and accelerated the harmony of all ethnic groups in China. During the Five Dynasties' Rebellion, the world suffered a lot. The soldiers and the people of Ducheng gathered in Tunju, merchants came and went, and the people in the territory changed their colors, and there were cultural relics of rites and music, which was all due to Yang's contribution.
After the demise of the Machu regime, Yang's descendants successively carried forward their ancestral businesses. According to "Song Shi Man Yi Er Cheng Huizhou", "Cheng Huizhou, Tangxi Cave, where Yang lived in the early Song Dynasty, was named the leader of the tenth cave, and scattered the state cave with his family name." Yang Yun, the leader of the fourth year of Taiping and Xingguo (AD 979), was attached. In five years, Yang Tongbao began to pay tribute and was appointed as the secretariat of Chengzhou. In the second year of Chunhua (AD 991), Yang Zhengyan, the secretariat of Chunhua, returned to pay tribute. He was a political rock pawn at the age of 21, and his son Tong Ying succeeded Zhizhou. Since then, the rule of "Feishanman" has gradually expanded to southwest Hunan, southeast Guizhou and northeast Guangxi (including Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, Hongjiang, Huaihua, Xupu, Mayang, Zhijiang, Xinhuang, Xinhua, Xinning, Wugang, Chengbu, Suining, Guizhou Jinping, Liping, Tianzhu, Congcong).
Yang Zaisi was awarded the title of Emperor Huihou of Song Kaibaozhong (AD 968-976) because he was able to unite brothers and nationalities from all over the country to submit to the imperial court, run the country and make the country prosperous. In the 31th year of Shaoxing (AD 1161), it was named Weiyuan Hou; Chunxi fifteen years (AD 118