How to write a business plan ?

For a venture business looking for funding, the startup plan is the calling card for the business. A good or bad business plan often determines the success or failure of an investment deal.

For the start-up venture, the role of the business plan is particularly important, a brewing project, often very vague, through the development of business plans, the positive and negative reasons are written down. See it and then push it through line by line. Entrepreneurs so that they can have a clearer understanding of this project. It can be said that the business plan is the first plan to create a business to sell the entrepreneurs themselves.

Secondly, the business plan also helps to market the planned venture to venture capitalists, and one of the main purposes of a company business plan is to raise capital. Therefore, the business plan must state:

(1) The purpose of starting the business? Why take the risk and spend energy, time, resources and money to start a venture?

(2) How much money is needed to start the business? Why do you need so much money? Why is it worthwhile for investors to inject money for this purpose? For established ventures, a business plan can set a more specific direction and focus for the development of the enterprise, thus enabling employees to understand the business objectives and motivating them to work towards the *** same goals. More importantly, it can make the enterprise's contributors and suppliers, vendors, etc. to understand the business situation and business objectives, to persuade the contributors (original or new) for the further development of the enterprise to provide funds.

It is for these reasons that the business plan will be one of the most important business documents written by the entrepreneur. So, how do you develop a business plan?

I. How to write a good business plan

Business plans that neither inform nor excite investors can only end up in the trash. To ensure that the startup plan will? hit the mark? , entrepreneurs should do the following:

1. Focus on the product

In the business plan, all the details related to the business's product or service should be provided, including all the investigations carried out by the business. These questions include: what stage of development is the product in? How unique is it? What is the business's method of distributing the product? Who will use the product and why? What are the production costs of the product and what is its selling price? What are the plans of the enterprise to develop new modern products? Pull funders into the business's product or service so that the funders will be as interested in the product as the entrepreneur. In the business plan, the entrepreneur should try to describe everything in simple terms? The definitions of goods and their attributes are very clear to the entrepreneur, but it is not always clear to others what they mean. The purpose of developing a business plan is not only to convince funders that the product of the business will have a revolutionary impact in the world, but also to convince them that the business has the arguments to prove it. The business plan's articulation of the product should make the funder think: ? Oh, how wonderful and inspiring this product is!!!?

2. Dare to compete

In the business plan, entrepreneurs should carefully analyze the situation of competitors. Who are the competitors? How do their products work? What are the similarities and differences between the competitors' products and the products of this business? What are the marketing strategies used by the competitors? Identify each competitor's sales, gross profit, revenue, and market share, and then discuss the competitive advantages the business has over each competitor. Show investors that customers prefer the business because of the quality of the product, the speed of delivery, the positioning of the business, and the price, etc., and convince its readers that the business is not only a strong competitor in its industry, but also In the future, it will be a leader in setting industry standards. In the business plan, the entrepreneur should also spell out the risks posed by competitors to the business and the countermeasures taken by the business.

3. Understanding the market

The business plan should provide investors with an in-depth analysis and understanding of the target market. To carefully analyze the economic, geographic, occupational, and psychological factors on the consumer's choice to buy the product of the enterprise this behavior, and the role played by each factor. The business plan should also include a major marketing plan that lists the areas in which the business intends to conduct advertising, promotional, and public **** relations activities, identifying the budget and benefits of each activity. The business plan should also briefly describe the business's sales strategy: will the business use outside sales representatives or internal staff? Will the business use resellers, distributors, or franchisees? What type of sales training will the business provide? In addition, the business plan should pay special attention to the details of sales.

4. Show a course of action

The business plan should be unambiguous. The business plan should make clear the following questions: How will the company bring the product to the market? How will the production line be designed and how will the product be assembled? What raw materials does the enterprise need for production? What production resources does the business have and what production resources are needed? What are the costs of production and equipment? Does the company buy or rent equipment? Explain the fixed and variable costs associated with assembling, storing, and delivering the product.

5. Demonstrate your management team

A key factor in turning an idea into a successful venture is to have a strong management team. Members of this team must have a high level of professional and technical knowledge, management talent and years of experience, to give investors such a feeling: ? Look who is on this team! If this company were a soccer team, they would have made it all the way to the World Cup finals!!!? The function of a manager is to plan, organize, control and direct the actions of the company to achieve its goals. In the business plan, you should first describe the entire management team and their responsibilities, and then describe each manager's special talents, characteristics and achievements, describing in detail the contribution that each manager will make to the company. The business plan should also specify the management objectives and organizational chart.

6. Excellent plan summary

The plan summary in the business plan is also very important. It must keep the reader interested and eager for more information, and it will leave a lasting impression on the reader. The summary will be the last part of the plan that the entrepreneur writes, but it is the first thing that the funder will look at, and it will extract from the plan the details that are most relevant to raising capital: including a concise but vivid summary of the basics of the company's internal situation, the company's capabilities as well as its limitations, the company's competitors, the marketing and financial strategies, and the company's management team. If the company is a book, it is like the cover of the book, and when done well it can attract investors. It will give venture capitalists the impression that? This company is going to be a giant in the industry, and I can't wait to read the rest of the plan.

Second, the content of the business plan

1. Summary of the plan

The summary of the plan is listed in the business plan at the top of the book, which is condensed the essence of the business plan. It covers the key points of the plan at a glance, so that the reader can review the plan and make a judgment in the shortest possible time.

The summary of the plan should generally include the following: company profile; main products and business scope; market overview; marketing strategy; sales plan; production management plan; managers and their organizations; financial plan; financial needs and so on.

In the introduction of the enterprise, first of all, to explain the idea of founding a new business, the process of formation of new ideas, as well as the goals and development strategy of the enterprise. Secondly, it is necessary to give an account of the current situation of the enterprise, the background of the past and the scope of business of the enterprise. In this section, it is important to make an objective comment on the past situation of the business without avoiding mistakes. A pertinent analysis tends to win more trust, thus making it easy to identify with the business startup plan. Finally, there is also a description of the entrepreneur's own background, experience, experience and specialties. The quality of the entrepreneur often plays a key role in the performance of the business. Here, the entrepreneur should try to highlight his or her strengths and express his or her strong enterprising spirit in order to leave a good impression on investors.

In the summary of the plan, the enterprise must also answer the following questions: (1) the industry in which the enterprise is located, the nature and scope of the enterprise's business; (2) the content of the enterprise's main products; (3) the enterprise's market is there, who are the enterprise's customers, what are their needs; (4) the enterprise's partners, who are the investors; (5) the enterprise's competitors who are the competition, and what effect do competitors have on the development of the enterprise. what impact they have on the development of the business.

The abstract should be as concise and vivid as possible. In particular, it should detail what is different about your own business and the market factors that have led to the success of your business. If the entrepreneur understands what he is doing, a 2-page summary is sufficient. If the entrepreneur does not know what he is doing, the summary may take more than 20 pages. Therefore, some investors follow the length of the summary? Pick the wheat from the chaff?

2. Product (service) introduction

One of the most important concerns of investors when evaluating an investment project is whether and to what extent the venture's product, technology, or service can solve a real-life problem, or whether the venture's product (service) can help the customer to save money and increase revenue. Therefore, the product description is an essential element of the venture plan. Usually, the product introduction should include the following: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; the main product introduction; the market competitiveness of the product; the product's research and development process; the development of new products and cost analysis of the plan; the product's market outlook prediction; the product's brand and patent.

In the product (service) introduction part, the entrepreneur should make a detailed description of the product (service), the description should be accurate, but also easy to understand, so that investors who are not professionals can also understand. Generally, the product presentation must be accompanied by a prototype, photograph or other description of the product. Generally, the product introduction must answer the following questions: (1) What problem does the customer expect the enterprise's product to solve, and what benefit can the customer get from the enterprise's product? (2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the enterprise's products compared with those of its competitors, and why do customers choose the enterprise's products? (3) What protective measures does the enterprise take for its products, and what patents, licenses, or agreements does the enterprise have with manufacturers who have applied for patents? (4) Why does the firm price its products in such a way as to generate sufficient profits for the firm, and why do users buy the firm's products in large quantities? (5) What methods are used by the enterprise to improve the quality and performance of the product, and what plans does the enterprise have for the development of new products, and so on. The content of the product (service) introduction is more specific and therefore relatively easy to write. Although praising their products is necessary for sales promotion, it should be noted that every commitment made by the enterprise is ? a debt? , all of which should be honored diligently. Keep in mind that what entrepreneurs and investors build is a long-term partnership. Empty promises are only good for a while. If the enterprise can not fulfill the promise, can not repay the debt, the credibility of the enterprise is bound to be greatly damaged, and therefore the real entrepreneurs do not care for.

3. Personnel and organizational structure

With the product, the entrepreneur's second step to do is to form a fighting management team. Good or bad business management, directly determines the size of the business risk. And high-quality management personnel and good organizational structure is an important guarantee of good management of the enterprise. Therefore, venture capitalists will pay special attention to the evaluation of the management team.

A company's managers should be complementary and have a team spirit. An enterprise must have specialists responsible for product design and development, marketing, production operations management, and corporate finance. In the business plan book, it is important to spell out the key management personnel, describing the competencies they possess, their positions and responsibilities in the business, details of their past experience and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, should also be a brief introduction to the structure of the company, including: the company's organizational chart; the functions and responsibilities of each department; the head of each department and the main members; the company's compensation system; the company's shareholders list, including shareholdings, proportionality and privileges; the company's board of directors; the directors of the background information.

4. Market forecast

When a company wants to develop a new product or expand into a new market, it must first conduct a market forecast. If the results of the forecast are not optimistic, or the credibility of the forecast is doubtful, then the investor has to take greater risks, which is unacceptable to most venture capitalists. Market forecasting begins with a demand forecast: is there a demand for the product? Is the level of demand such that it will bring the desired benefits to the business? What is the size of the new market? What are the future trends and status of demand development? What are the factors influencing demand. Secondly, the market forecast also includes the market competition situation? Enterprises face the competitive landscape to analyze: what are the main competitors in the market? Are there any market niches in favor of the company's products? What is the expected market share of the enterprise? The enterprise into the market will cause the competitors how to react, these reactions to the enterprise will have what effect? And so on.

In the business plan, the market forecast should include the following: an overview of the current state of the market; an overview of competing vendors; target customers and target markets; the market position of the enterprise's products; market geography and characteristics, and so on. Venture enterprises on the market forecast should be built on the basis of rigorous, scientific market research. Venture enterprises face the market, there are more variable, elusive characteristics. Therefore, venture enterprises should try to expand the scope of information collection, pay attention to the prediction of the environment and adopt scientific prediction means and methods. Entrepreneurs should keep in mind is that the market forecast is not out of thin air, the wrong understanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for business failure.

5. Marketing strategy

Marketing is the most challenging part of business operations, the main factors affecting the marketing strategy are: (1) the characteristics of the consumer; (2) the characteristics of the product; (3) the company's own situation; (4) the market environment factors. Ultimately, it is the marketing cost and marketing benefit factors that affect the marketing strategy. In the entrepreneurial plan, the marketing strategy should include the following: (1) the choice of market organization and marketing channel; (2) marketing team and management; (3) promotion plan and advertising strategy; (4) price decision. For entrepreneurial firms, it is difficult to enter into sales channels that have been stabilized by other firms due to the low visibility of their products and firms. Therefore, the enterprise has to temporarily adopt high-cost and low-efficiency marketing strategies, such as door-to-door sales, big advertisements of goods, concessions to wholesalers and retailers, or handing over sales to any enterprise willing to distribute. For developing enterprises, it can utilize the original sales channels on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also develop new sales channels to adapt to the development of the enterprise.

6. Manufacturing plan

The manufacturing plan in the business plan should include the following: the current status of product manufacturing and technical equipment; new product production plan; technology upgrades and equipment update requirements; quality control and quality improvement plan.

In the process of seeking funding, in order to increase the value of the enterprise in the pre-investment assessment, entrepreneurs should try to make the manufacturing plan more detailed. In general, the manufacturing plan should answer the following questions: the enterprise manufacturing plant and equipment needed for the situation; how to ensure that new products in the scale of production into the stability and availability of *; the introduction of equipment and installation of the situation, who is the supplier; the design of the production line and the product assembly is how; the supplier's lead time and the demand for resources; the development of standards for the production cycle as well as the preparation of the production operations plan; the material requirements plan and its assurance measures; the production of the production cycle and the preparation of the operation plan. Material requirements planning and its assurance measures; quality control methods are how; related other issues.

7. Financial planning

Financial planning requires more effort to do a specific analysis, including the preparation of cash flow statements, balance sheets and income statements. Liquidity is the lifeline of the enterprise, so the enterprise in the beginning or expansion, the liquidity needs to have a detailed plan in advance and in the process of strict control; profit and loss statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, it is the enterprise in a period of time after the operation of the business results; balance sheet reflects the status of the enterprise at a certain point in time, the investor can be used to get the data in the balance sheet of the ratio index to measure the operating conditions and possible return on investment. The balance sheet reflects the status of the enterprise at a certain point in time.

Financial planning should generally include the following: (1) assumptions about the conditions of the business plan; (2) projected balance sheet; projected income statement; cash flow analysis; sources and uses of funds.

It can be said that a business plan outlines what the entrepreneur needs to do in the fundraising process, while a financial plan supports and illustrates the business plan. Therefore, a good financial plan is critical in assessing the amount of capital the venture needs and increasing the likelihood that the venture will obtain funding. If the financial plan is not well prepared, it will give investors the impression that the business managers are inexperienced, reduce the assessment value of the venture enterprise, and also increase the business risk of the enterprise, so how to develop a good financial plan? This first depends on the vision of the venture enterprise? Is to create a new product for a new market, or to enter an existing market with more financial information.

A startup focusing on a new technology or innovative product is unlikely to be able to refer to existing market data, prices and marketing methods. Therefore, it has to forecast the growth rate and likely net profitability of the market it enters, and sell its vision, management team, and financial model to investors. In contrast, a venture that is preparing to enter an existing market can easily illustrate the size of the overall market and the ways in which it can be improved. The venture can plan for the size of the business's first year of sales based on information about the target market.

The financial planning of the venture should ensure that it is consistent with the assumptions of the business plan. In fact, financial planning is inextricably linked to the production plan, human resource plan, and marketing plan of the business. To accomplish financial planning, the following questions must be clarified: (1) How much product will be issued in each period? (2) When will product line expansion begin? (3) What is the production cost per product? (4) What is the pricing of each product? (5) What distribution channels will be used and what are the expected costs and profits? (6) What types of people need to be employed? (7) When will the hiring begin and what is the budget for wages? And so on.

Third, check

After the business plan is written, the entrepreneur is best to check the plan again, to see if the plan can accurately answer the questions of investors, and strive for investor confidence in the enterprise. Usually, you can check the plan from the following aspects:

1. Whether your business plan shows that you have experience in managing a company. If you lack the ability to manage the company yourself, then be sure to clearly state that you have hired a business guru to manage your company.

2. Does your business plan book show that you are capable of repaying the loan. Be sure to provide a complete ratio analysis to prospective investors.

3. Does your business plan show that you have done a complete market analysis. Make sure the investor is confident that the demand for the product you have articulated in your plan is real.

4. Your business plan is easy for investors to understand. The business plan book should have an index and table of contents so that investors can easily access the various sections. In addition, make sure that the flow of information in the table of contents is logical and realistic.

5. Your business plan book has a summary of the plan at the top, which is the equivalent of the cover of the company's business plan book and is the first thing investors will look at. In order to keep investor interest, the summary should be written in a compelling way.

6. Is your business plan all grammatically correct. If you can't guarantee it, then it's best to have someone check it for you. Spelling mistakes and typographical errors in a plan can quickly cost an entrepreneur an opportunity.

7. Will your business plan be able to assuage investors' doubts about the product/service. If necessary, you can prepare a model of the product. All aspects of your business plan will have an impact on the success of fundraising. Therefore, if you lack confidence in the success of your business plan, then it is best to go through a plan writing guide or ask for advice from a specialized consultant.

Sample Business Plan

Name of Fast Food Restaurant: Yipin Sanxiao

Introduction of the Company's Operators: xxx,xxx,xxx,xxx

First, the company's overview:

This restaurant is mainly targeting at college students, residents in the neighboring area, and part-time workers. The business area is about fifty square meters. It mainly provides breakfast, lunch, dinner, as well as special cold drinks and casual dining. Breakfast is characterized by Zhejiang and other southern snacks, of course, northern snacks are also indispensable. There are many varieties, full flavors and rich nutrition, so that diners have more choices. For lunch and dinner, there are dishes with different flavors from north and south. And non-meal and provide a variety of cold drinks, such as juice, thin ice, ice porridge, ice bean sweet soup, frozen coffee, fruit platters and so on. The restaurant adopts the self-service fast food way, so that customers have a more relaxed dining environment and more space for choice.

Second, the fast food restaurant profile

1. The restaurant hair belongs to the catering services industry, the name is a product of three smiles fast food restaurant, is a joint venture. Mainly provides Chinese breakfast, such as doughnuts, small dumplings and other Chinese snacks and small dishes, lunch and dinner are mostly fried vegetables, smokeless grill.

2. Yipin Sanxiao fast food restaurant is located in the South Street Commercial Pedestrian Street, the inaugural period is a small-grade fast food restaurant, the future will gradually develop into a Chinese fast food chain like KFC, McDonald's.

3.

3, employing chefs with many years of experience, with our wisdom, talent professional management knowledge and dedication to the cause of this heart, will certainly lead the way in this industry.　

? Third, the business objectives

1. Due to the location in the commercial street, the source of relatively rich, but there are many competitors, especially the store has just opened, want to open the market, must be in the quality of service and product quality, and to further expand the scope of business to meet the different needs of consumers. The short-term goal is to stand firm in the South Street Commercial Walking Street, and strive for 1 year to recover costs.

2. The store will be in 3 years to set up 3 branches, and gradually develop into a strong economic strength and have a certain market share of fast food chain group, in the island city of many fast food brands to break out of a piece of heaven and earth, and into the catering market, a well-known brand.

Fourth, market analysis

1. Customer source: urban fast food store target customers are: shopping and entertainment to the South Street Commercial Walking Street, general consumers, accounting for about 50%; nearby school students, store staff, neighborhood residents, accounting for about 50%. Sufficient number of sources of customers, the consumption level of low-grade.

2. Competitors: A three-smile fast-food restaurant near **** there are four major competitors, including a larger one, the other three are small fast-food restaurant. These 4 restaurants are operating period of more than 2 years.? The fast food restaurants are both Chinese and Western, more expensive, and have a sparse clientele fountain. The other 3 small fast food restaurants have poor hygiene, poor service quality and crowded and dirty dining environment. We have seized the existing shortcomings of these 4 fast food stores and launched the "Good Price, Low Cost" program. Good quality and low price? and other marketing strategies, and strive to occupy a place in the fierce market competition.

V. Business Plan

1. Fast food restaurants are mainly for the public, so the price of food is not too high, is a low price.

2. Vigorously develop convenient snacks, breakfast should be varied, inexpensive, according to the local conditions of the introduction of Chinese breakfast packages.

3. Lunch and dinner provide economical, nutritious dishes, and provide an elegant dining environment.

4. Always ready to develop new products to adapt to changing market demand, such as the establishment of this year's goal is? Meal delivery to home? service.

5. Operating hours: morning? Evening.

6. For the above plan, we will divide the work and do our part. We will be in the health, service, price, nutrition and other aspects of the concerted effort to get more customers

V. Personnel plan is arranged as follows:

xxx cashier xxx pre-publicity, waiter xxx chef xxx purchaser, deliveryman

VI. Sales plan

1. A series of publicity before the opening of the business enterprise work to consumers. Introduce the store? Good quality and low price? The sales strategy, will also issue questionnaires, according to consumer demand, improve the store's products and services.

2. The introduction of memberships, quarterly cards, monthly cards, so as to attract more customers.

3. Monthly cumulative consumption of 1,000 yuan can participate in the end of the month lottery, the winner (1) can get a gift certificate worth 888 yuan.

4. Monthly cumulative consumption of $ 100 people, gift certificates worth $ 10, $ 200 gift certificates of $ 20, and so on.

VII, financial planning

For the accounts, to do day-to-day accounts, monthly accounts, quarterly accounts, year-end accounts, so that the profit and loss of the enterprise in the accounts at a glance, to avoid the blindness of the management work.

Note: Because just opened, so in a variety of expenses to be carefully calculated, but to ensure the quality of meals, try to put the price down.

VIII, Appendix

Appendix 1 Legal Requirements

In order to ensure food hygiene, to prevent contamination of commodities and harmful factors on the human body, to protect the health of the people, to enhance the physical fitness of the people, in strict compliance with the state, the relevant local laws and regulations require specific as follows:

A food production and management enterprises and food vendors must first obtain the health administrative department issued a Health license, before applying for registration to the administrative department for industry and commerce, without a health license, shall not engage in food production and business activities.

Food production and operation shall not be forged, altered, lending health license.

Second, the process of food production and management must meet the following health requirements:

(a) keep the internal and external environment clean, take measures to remove flies, rats, cockroaches and other harmful insects and their breeding conditions.

(b) food production and management enterprises should have with the product variety, the number of food raw materials appropriate handling, processing, packaging, storage and boarding plant type places.

(C) there should be appropriate disinfection, changing clothes, washing, picking up, lighting, ventilation, antiseptic, dust, fly, rodent, washing, sewage discharge, storage of garbage and waste facilities.

(d) tableware, drinking utensils and containers for direct-entry food must be washed and sanitized before use, and cooking utensils and appliances must be washed and kept clean after use.

(e) direct access to food should have small packages or use non-toxic, clean packaging materials.

(F) food production and management personnel should always maintain personal hygiene, production, sales of food is necessary to wash their hands, wear clean clothes; sales of direct access to food, you must use the sales tool.

(VII) container packaging dirty and unclean, seriously damaged or unclean means of transportation caused by contamination.

(H) adulteration, adulteration, forgery, affecting the nutritional health.

Menu:

Address of the fast food restaurant: South Street Pedestrian Street

Tel: 83478568

Business hours of the fast food restaurant; 6:00 ---------22:00

Fast food restaurant offers a variety of special fried dishes, fast food, drinks and so on

Service Tenet: To provide the most delicious and delicious food to satisfy customers. Customer satisfaction as the goal, to provide the most delicious catering food, so that you eat happy, affordable prices, a product of three smiles