Jiang Tianyi was born in Shexian County, Huizhou. It is essential to lose your father less, serve your mother and take care of your brother. The sommelier said, "If a scholar has no good products, there will be no articles." During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Fu Yanqi, the county magistrate, was very talented and won the first prize in every attempt. I'm 36 years old, and I have to make up lessons for my students. If the family is poor and the house is defeated, bow down and build a wall to live in. If you can't finish covering the tiles, it will get cold in summer. When it rains, the snake is dripping water or covering it. Family members have grievances and sighs, but when it comes to reading, they are also self-sufficient.
Although Tianyi is famous as a scholar, it is profound and wise, especially known to the public in the same county. At that time, there were many thieves in the emblem, and one side helped the public and used military law to unite the villagers' children for defense. With Zhang Hui, Wuchang was broken, and the company commanders officer Zuo Liangyu went to Dong Dun, and the wolf soldiers crashed into the road, burning and looting. Will arrive at the emblem, the emblem will be surprised, and the people will seek to refuse it, so as to make an appointment. On the first day of the lunar new year, he bowed his head with a broadsword. In the dark, he mounted a war horse, led a strong man to gallop for dozens of miles, fought with wolf soldiers in Qimen, beheaded most of them, and took away his cattle and horse equipment with his emblem on it.
In the second year of Shunzhi, in the summer of May, the south of the Yangtze River was broken, and the winds attached to the counties, and the Hui people refused to keep it. In June, Tang Fan stood on his own in Fuzhou, was named Tian Wen, and was awarded the post of army supervisor. First of all, the sky said to the public: "The emblem is a place of victory, and all counties have obstacles to rely on, and Jixi is a tunnel, and its place is Ma Pingchuan. It is advisable to build more troops on this to compete with other counties. " So I built a mountain pass. After the Qing division captured Jixi, reinforcements arrived day and night, and many people were lazy. Occasionally there is a counterattack, and the damage is slightly equal. Therefore, the Qing division rode less in Jixi, instead of entering from Xinling. The defenders on the ridge collapsed first, and the city fell.
The guard is anxious to buy one day. There was nothing the governor could do, so he went home, told his mother to go out and shouted, "I'm Jiang Tianyi!" "He was arrested. He who knows heaven wants to release it. Tianyi said, "What if I'm afraid of death? If I don't die, it will be a disaster. When the matter was made public at the gate of the camp, everyone said, "aragonite! A woman with an old mother cannot die! He smiled and thanked him, and then said, "How can one escape the difficulties of dealing with others? "Don't worry about my mother." When I arrived in Jiangning, the governor wanted to ask, and the next day he said proudly, "If I do it, I might as well kill me;" If I don't die, I will start over! "So I walked through this door with this idea. After arriving, he shouted at the emperor, went to the south to worship again, sat down and was punished. The audience sighed and shed tears. A few days later, Tian Biao went to collect the body and smashed it. I'm dying.
Ma Shiying, the governor of Fengyang, was furious when the wolf soldiers were killed. The soldiers were killed in the form of loyal ministers, which would lead to public death. On the day of heaven, it is difficult to divide and go up; Copy "Xu Tian said", crying to plead with the nobles, it began to understand. Since he started, he has been in charge of the township soldiers for three years, which is all business. At that time, there were hundreds of chivalrous men and soldiers in the curtain, and the public alone pushed the sky forward, and both inside and outside relied on it. Then he died with Gong. Although the ancient people are fierce, they are incomparable. It was given to Weng Jun Hanjin and handed down. Jiang Tianyi, the translator and editor of Jiang Tianyi, was born in Shexian County, Huizhou. His father died when he was a child. It is pure nature to serve his mother and raise his younger brother. He once said to others: "If a scholar does not establish good moral conduct, there will be no good articles." During the Chongzhen period in the late Ming Dynasty, Yan Fu, the county magistrate of Shexian County, thought that his talent was peculiar, and he was always selected as the first in the annual examination for the children of the county. But it was not until the age of 36 that an intern was added. His family was poor and his house was in ruins, so he began to build a wall with a dustpan. The tiles on the house are not complete, and they are exposed to the hot sun on a hot day; On rainy days, my whole body is curled up in the rain like a snake, and sometimes I open a broken umbrella to keep out the wind and rain. The family members complained and sighed, but the next day, as usual, they read aloud with books in their hands.
Although Tianyi is famous as a scholar, he is profound, calm and resourceful, which is especially appreciated by the county magistrate Jinsheng. At that time, there were many bandits in Huizhou, so Jiang Tianyi helped Jinsheng to organize the young people in the village with the army and make a good defense plan. When Zhang attacked Wuchang, Zuo Liangyu, the company commander, fled eastward, and his Guangxi Tusi troops rebelled on the way, setting fire to everything they passed. When they arrived in Huizhou, Huizhou people were very shocked and scared. Jinsheng decided to send troops to resist and entrusted the matter to Tianyi. Wearing broadswords and headscarves in the morning, riding horses in the dark, leading a group of warriors to run for dozens of miles, fighting fiercely with the rebellious Guangxi Tusi army in Qimen, killing more than half of the rebels and seizing all their horses, cattle and weapons. Huizhou city was saved by this battle.
In the summer and May of the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan was invaded by Qing soldiers, and various counties and counties joined the Qing Dynasty one after another, but Huizhou people insisted on fighting for the sake of Ming Dynasty. In June, Ming Chengzu Zhu proclaimed himself emperor in Fuzhou. Hearing of Jiang Tianyi's reputation, he appointed him as a discipline supervisor. Before this, Yi Tian said to Jinsheng: "Huizhou is a place with superior terrain, and all counties have dangerous places to rely on, but Jixi is a legitimate traffic artery, where the terrain is particularly flat. We should build a pass there and send more troops to station it, so as to cooperate with other counties and contain the enemy." So Cong Shan was built in Jixi. Soon, the Qing soldiers attacked Jixi, and Jiang Tian went to the city to defend with weapons all day long, without relaxing. Sometimes going out of the city to fight, the casualties on both sides are roughly equal. So the Qing soldiers took several cavalry to contain Jiang Tianyi in Jixi and attacked Xinling. The people guarding the ridge fled first, and the chicken west city finally fell.
The commander-in-chief of the Qing army offered a reward for the capture of Tianyi, which is urgent. Jiang Tianyi knew that there was no hope of resisting Qing Dynasty, so he went home immediately, entrusted his mother to his younger brother Tianbiao, and shouted when he went out: "I am Jiang Tianyi!" So he was arrested. Someone in the Qing army knew about Tianyi and wanted to let him go. Tianyi said, "Do you think I'm afraid of death? If I don't die, the disaster is that the whole family is killed! " I met Jinsheng at the gate of the camp. Jinsheng looked at him and said, "Shi Wen, you still have your old mother. You can't die. " Jiang Tianyi smiled and declined politely: "Where can you escape to cooperate with others in an emergency?" I hope you don't worry about my mother. "When he arrived in Nanking, Governor Hong Chengchou tried to plead not guilty. Jiang Tianyi looked up and said, "For you, I'd better kill me.": If I don't die, I will definitely start again! " So he was dragged to the execution ground of Tongjimen. When he got there, Jiang Tianyi shouted "Emperor Gao" three times, bowed to the south and sat down to accept the punishment. There is not a bystander who doesn't sigh and cry. A few days later, Tianbiao went to collect Tianyi's body and buried him. It was also on this day that Jinsheng was killed.
When the rebels of Guangxi Tusi were killed by Jiang Tianyi, Ma Shiying, the governor of Fengyang, was very angry and wrote a letter to the emperor, exposing the accusation that Huizhou people stopped and killed the loyalist, hoping to kill Jinsheng. To this end, Jiang Tianyi went to the court and presented a letter of innocence. He wrote "Xu Tian said" and complained to the powerful minister with tears, and the matter was clarified. Starting from the Qing soldiers and the Ming Dynasty war, they trained rural soldiers for three years, all in the Jinsheng shogunate. At that time, there were hundreds of knights who claimed to be proficient in the art of war in the shogunate, but Jinsheng only emphasized that all confidential matters at home and abroad depended on Tianyi. Then Tianyi and Jinsheng died at the same time. No one can surpass a man like Tianyi, even the righteous in ancient times. I learned about Jiang Tianyi's life story from Weng Hanjin, so I wrote this biography for him.
Wang Wan said: In the last years of the former dynasty, Wang Wei, Hannah Quinlivan and Jin Sheng were loyal ministers who died in Xin 'an, and only Jiang Tian was a student who died for his country. I heard that Jiang Tian and his party passed by Huai 'an, and a peasant woman named Feng cut her liver to save her mother-in-law. After Jiang Tianyi learned about this, he invited many celebrities to write poems and essays for her, hoping to make a memorial to the court. Finally, she failed. This person likes strangeness and advocates integrity, something like this. Tianyi was originally famous for its scenery, and it was also called "stone marries a woodcutter", which was also said by Weng Hanjin. The author's brief introduction was edited by Wang Wan, an essayist in the early Qing Dynasty (1624 ~ 169 1). The word Wen Yi, No.1 Dulong Temple, lived in seclusion in Yao Fengshan, Taihu Lake in his later years, and scholars called him Mr. Yao Feng. Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), he was a scholar. He was a minister of the Ministry of Finance and a doctor of the Ministry of Punishment. Later, he resigned due to illness and returned to China. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (1679), he was called to try out the subject of erudition and was awarded the compilation of Ming History by the Hanlin Academy. He stayed in the museum for more than 60 days and then begged to get sick.
Wang Wan, Hou Fangyu and Wei are also known as the "three masters" of prose in the early Qing Dynasty. His prose is free and clear. He advocated that talent should be attributed to the doctrine of the mean, so as to echo the opening and closing, manipulate the ups and downs and avoid being scattered. As the saying goes, "the desire to raise is high, and the desire to receive is deep" ("Answer Shu Er"). He opposed "taking novels as an ancient form of literary expression" and thought that "if you are unruly, you will return to popular studies and you will only become popular studies" (Postscript Wang Ji). This view tends to be orthodox. Generally speaking, his writing style is influenced by Ouyang Xiu, which is close to the Southern Song Dynasty. Ji Dong wrote The Outline of Birth, but he thought, "If his articles date back to the Song and Tang Dynasties. Excellent understanding, like Li Xizhi (Yao); "Concise and lively, like Liu Zihou (Zongyuan). His representative works include Chen Fenbiao, Yaofeng Villa, Selected Poems of Qili, Biography of Jiang Tianyi, Shen Tales and so on.
Wang Wan can also write poetry, taking beauty as his religion, and his achievements and influence are not as good as his writing style. He is the author of 62 volumes of The Blunt Draft and 56 volumes of The Continued Draft. In his later years, he edited 50 volumes of Yao Feng Wen Chao, including poetry 10 and prose 40. Comment and edit this passage. Jiang Tianyi passed it on (1)
Jiang Tianyi was born in Shexian County, Huizhou. Losing your father less, taking care of your mother and taking care of your brother's appearance are the most important things. Four people who taste language said, "A scholar who doesn't stand on product 5 will have no articles." During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Fu Yanqi, the county magistrate, was brilliant and chose the first place in every test. Thirty-six years old, I want to make up for all the students. A poor house is defeated, but a house made of earth is built to live in. If you can't finish covering the tiles, it will get cold in summer. When it rains, it drips snakes (1 1), or it covers itself with an open lid (12). Family members are complaining and sighing, but the next day they are holding books and reciting them freely (13).
Although Tianyi is a well-known scholar, he is profound and wise, especially known to the public in the same county (14). At that time, there were many thieves in the emblem, and one side of heaven helped the villagers to do things. Using military law (15) to unite villagers' children is a defense plan. Zhang defeated Wuchang (16) and fled east with Zuo Liangyu, the company commander (17). His wolf soldiers are detailed in Dao (18), burning, killing and looting. Will arrive at the emblem, the emblem will be surprised, and the people will seek to refuse it, so as to make an appointment. On the first day, the broadsword was the first (19), and it attacked the horse at night, leading the strong men to gallop for dozens of miles, fighting with the wolf soldiers in Qimen, beheading most of them (20), seizing their horses and cattle equipment, and relying on their emblems.
In the summer and May of the second year of Shunzhi, there was chaos in the south of the Yangtze River (2 1), and the counties and counties looked at the wind (22), but the Hui people still refused to keep it. In June, Tang Fan stood on his own in Fuzhou (23) and became a field, and was awarded the post of supervisor of the country (24). First of all, it is said that "the emblem is the land of victory (25), each county has barriers (26), Jixi is the tunnel (27), and others are independent (28). It is advisable to build more troops on this basis to compete with other counties. Therefore, the Cong Shan Pass (30) was built. After the Qing division captured Jixi (365,438+0), the reinforcements delayed day and night (32) and occasionally counterattacked (33), and the losses were slightly equal. Therefore, the Qing division rode a few days less to Jixi (34) instead of entering from Xinling (35), and the defenders of the ridge collapsed first and the city fell.
The doorman is in a hurry to buy days (36). The Governor of Tianyi was helpless. When he returned home, he told his mother to go to Tianbiao (37), and when he went out, he shouted, "I am Jiang Tianyi." He was arrested. People who know Tianyi (38) want to be released. Tianyi said, "If I am afraid of death (39)? If I don't die, it will be a disaster (40). " When it was made public at the gate of the camp, everyone said, "Shi Wen, a woman with an old mother (4 1), can't die." He smiled and thanked him, and said, "How can anyone escape the difficulties of interacting with others?" ? Please don't worry about my mother. "When I arrived in Jiangning (44), the governor asked (45). The day before, he said proudly," If I do it, I might as well kill me; If I don't die, I will start over. "Therefore, I will lead to Tongji Gate (46). When he arrived, he shouted at Emperor III (47), bowed to the south again, and sat down to be punished. The audience sighed and shed tears. A few days later, Tian Biao went to collect the body, and it was (48). I'm dying.
Wolf soldiers killed, Fengyang satrap Ma Shiying angry (49), Hui soldiers killed (50), will lead to public death. Distinguish between Heaven and Shu (565,438+0), be lofty (52), continue "Xu Tian's Theory" (53), have a runny nose v. a noble person (54), and things begin to turn white (55). Since he started, he has been in charge of the township soldiers for three years, which is all business. It is the time when the chivalrous men know hundreds of soldiers in the act, and the public alone pushes the sky, and both inside and outside depend on it. Later, he died with the public, although the ancient righteous were unparalleled (57).
Wang Wan said: Fang was the last one (58), Xin 'an scholar-bureaucrat was diehard (59), there were three people (60), namely, Ling and Yan Shigong, and only Tianyi died for his country. Yu Wentian went to Huai 'an, the wife of the Feng family, to have her liver cut to keep her aunt alive (6 1). Tianyi invited celebrities to compose poems (62) and failed to appear in court. Gezi people are curious (63). Heaven is a famous scene, so don't call yourself Shi Jia Woodcutter, Weng Hanjun and Jinyun.
The author of the note (1) is a biography of Jiang Tianyi, an anti-Qing righteous man at the time of Dingge in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He focused on his wisdom and the process of failure, as well as his generosity. He mainly narrates in chronological order, supplemented and interspersed occasionally, with a little detail and flexible brushwork.
⑵ Huizhou: Huizhou government in Qing Dynasty, which governs Shexian, Xiuning, Qimen and Jixi counties, with Shexian as the government.
(3) Tools: Connect "All". Ultimate: good nature, which means filial piety to parents and love to brothers.
(4) Establish products: Establish good moral character. Language; Say to
5. Yan Fu: Zi Julia, a native of Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, was a scholar in the early years of Chongzhen, and was awarded the order of Shexian County, and the official overseer of the empire.
[6] test: refers to the test of the child's age.
(7) make-up: a scholar, a county student. 8 defeat: broken and bad.
(8) Build a wall with earth (běn Ben): borrow earth to build your own wall. Fan, bamboo or wooden soil kneading tool. This is used as a verb.
⑼ Storm: Expose and dry.
⑽ Snake Squat: Curled up like a snake.
My cover: a broken umbrella.
⑿ As calm as usual.
[13] Jin Shu: Jinsheng, whose name is Zhengxi, was born in Xiuning. He was a scholar in Chongzhen period and was resigned by Jishi Shu. Later, he was awarded the affairs of Shandong Shuzhong, but failed. The Qing soldiers went south, ambushed and defended in their hometown, and were deadlocked for many months. They were not captured and were killed in Nanjing. Xiuning and Shexian belong to Huizhou Prefecture, so they are called "the same county". Know: appreciate.
14. defense plan: make a defense plan. (16) Yes, yes. Zhang: Leader of the Peasant Rebel Army. In May of the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1643), he led the army to defeat Wuchang.
⒂ Zuo Liangyu: At the end of the Ming Dynasty, he served as a general and was stationed in Wuchang. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, he moved to Jiujiang and plundered along the way. There is a biography of Ming history in it. However, Hewen's Notes on Southern Xinjiang and Biography of Jin Sheng believe that Jin Sheng was defeated by a thousand troops of Fengyang Prefecture. This biography may be a rumor.
Wolf soldiers: an army composed of Donglan, Nadi and Nandan people in Guangxi. The ethnic minorities in this area are tough and aggressive, and they are called werewolves or monks in history. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, local Tusi soldiers could be called by the imperial court, and the world called them Wolf soldiers. (See Shi Mingbing III and Lu Qingci Yundong Xi Xianzhi werewolf) □: The same as "wow", the province of mutiny refers to the army rebellion.
⒄□(mò finished) First of all: wrap your head with a towel. □ headscarf.
⒅ guó country: Killing and killing. The original intention is to cut off the left ear of the dead enemy in battle to calculate merit. The Book of Songs Truffle Dish Water: "Sacrifice to Dish." Zheng Xuan wrote: "Here, the left ear is closed." (2 1) Jiangnan Rebellion: refers to the Qing soldiers crossing the river and the downfall of the small dynasty in Hong Guang, Nanjing.
Attachment: attachment to our own side means cleaning up. Wang Wan was an official of the Qing Dynasty, so she said so.
⒇ Tang Fan: Zhu Yujian, king of Ming Dynasty. After the demise of the Hong Guang Dynasty, Huang Daozhou, a former minister of rites, made Tang Wang emperor in Fuzhou and changed to Longwu. In ancient times, the enfeoffed king was called a vassal. Zhu's eighth ancestor was Zhu Yuanzhang's twenty-second son, who was enfeoffed in Nanyang with the title of Tang.
(2 1) Supervising discipline and pushing officials: There was no such official name in the Ming Dynasty. A magistrate is a government-level official in charge of a prison. At that time, the Tang regime granted Jin Sheng remote positions such as right suggestion, assistant minister of left Ministry of War and military affairs prefect of Nanzhi. The so-called "discipline supervision and promotion" here should be to supervise the judicial organs' official positions of subordinates.
(22) Land of Victory: A place with dangerous terrain. Historical Records Biography of Emperor Gaozu: "Qin is the victorious country." Pei Qian's explanation led Zhang Yan to say, "Mountains and rivers will win in Qin Dynasty." (26) blockade: this is a dangerous pass.
(23) Pore: channel.
(24) Yi Yi: Ping.
(25) Angle confrontation (jρ machine): contain the other side and attack the enemy. "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Fourteen Years": "Such as deer hunting, Jin people horns, all kinds of Rong." Hey, grab your feet; Corner, grab the corner. Later, he used the metaphor of "horns" to rule and attack the enemy from different directions.
(26) Congshanguan: In the north of Jixi County.
(27) Already: Soon.
(28) reinforcements: lead the troops. Pí skin: The low wall on the city, also called the female wall.
(29) Anti-war: fighting.
(30) Riding less: a few cavalry. Riding a horse, one soldier and one horse. Affix: contains.
(3 1) Xinling: In the south of Xiuning County.
Marshal (32): refers to Zhang Tianlu, the commander-in-chief who was sent by the Qing Dynasty to attack Jinsheng Rebel Army. Buy: Capture the reward.
(33) entrustment: entrustment.
(34) Know Tian Yi: refers to the officers and men of the Qing army who know Jiang Tianyi. (39) if: you.
(35) Disaster and race: This will be a disaster of genocide. Ethnic groups, genocide. On Scriptures and Thai Oath: "Sinners belong to one family." Kong Anguo biography: "One person is guilty, parents, brothers, wives and concubines are punished."
(36) Female: Child "Ru" (42) Yan: Where. Escape from predicament: refers to escape from predicament.
(37) Fortunately: words of respect.
(38) Jiangning: In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), Yingtianfu in Nanjing was changed to jiangning house, which is now Nanjing.
Governor: Hong Chengchou. Hong Chengchou was originally the governor of Trilateral Ming Dynasty, but he was captured and sent to Qing Dynasty. In the second year of Shunzhi, he recruited Jiangnan provinces, bachelor of cabinet, and minister of war. Don't ask: don't ask sin.
(40) Tongji Gate: the gate to the west of the south of Nanjing, which was the execution ground at that time.
(4 1) Emperor Gao: Zhu Yuanzhang and posthumous title.
(42) Bury: Bury.
(43) Ma Shiying: Tomorrow's Jinshi, assistant minister of the Ministry of War at the end of Chongzhen, military affairs of Fengyang Road in Luzhou, and governor. He sent envoys to recruit Guizhou soldiers to resist the peasant army.
(44) sparse collapse: on sparse impeachment. Form: situation, crime.
(45) Ben (jι machine): carry.
(46) Easy to lack: hold court.
(47) Xu Tian said: preach what the Lord wrote and explain the truth. Call for heaven.
(48) dignitaries: refers to the dignitaries in the court.
(49) white: clarify the unjust, false and wrong cases.
No.50 soldier knower: a person who claims to know the art of war.
(5 1) No one can surpass him. Shang, preach "Shang".
(52) Victorious country: a country that has died. Zhou Li, Local Officials and Mediators: "All the shady lawsuits of men and women are tried by the club that wins the country." Zheng Xuan's Note: "If you gain the country, you will die." It is said that this country has won this country. This refers to the Ming Dynasty. (59) Xin 'an: Anxian County, Gu Xin, namely Huizhou. Die hard: die for the country.
(53) Wang Gongwei: Wang Wei, born in Xiuning, was censored by imperial academy at the end of Chongzhen. Li Zicheng broke Beijing and hanged himself. Ling Gong College (Jiūng, Ji Pingsheng): Ling Gong College, a native of Xiuning, was in charge of the officers and men department at the end of Chongzhen; Hong Guang Dynasty, the governor of Henan Province, defended his family and returned to Germany, and the Qing soldiers broke the city and hanged themselves.
(54) Cut off the (kuρ deficiency) liver to activate its mother: cut off your own liver as medicine to treat the mother-in-law's illness. This is obviously an anecdote.
(55) sign: take it. Chapter: Commendation. Chapter, pass "Zhang".
(56) Curious and angry: I like to do extraordinary things and advocate integrity. Class like this: like this.
Make an appreciative comment
It shows Jiang Tianyi's indifferent nature and detached mentality of taking reading as pleasure.