with the rapid development of China's economic construction, the construction of tea houses is increasing year by year at the request of society. Internationally, people call China the hometown of "Tea and ceramics", and ancient China was once called "tea" or "China" by westerners, which actually means tea or ceramics. It can be seen that tea culture has a high status in China and its reputation is famous at home and abroad. However, the construction of tea houses often incorporates some elements of local customs and tea culture, making tea houses a good place for both material and spiritual enjoyment. Nowadays, with the construction of Shangxiajiu Cultural and Commercial Pedestrian Street in Guangzhou and the succession of "Taotaoju" moon cakes, Xiguan culture has penetrated more and more into the hearts of modern people, which has also produced and triggered innovative ideas for the artistic design of Guangzhou Tea House, which integrates tea culture and Xiguan culture. This idea integrates the layout characteristics, characteristic components and performance elements of xiguan big house into the design of the tea house, which not only reflects the traditional charm of China, but also draws lessons from the western cultural characteristics and is inclusive, forming a unique Xiguan style tea house.
The artistic elements of the Tea House are mainly reflected in the following five aspects:
1. Historical culture and architectural features of Xiguan
Xiguan is located in Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. Xiguan culture is the epitome of Guangzhou history and culture; Xiguan big house is the essence of Xiguan architectural culture. The representatives of Xiguan architecture in Guangzhou are xiguan big house, bamboo tube house and arcade. Xiguan big house is composed of large buildings that began to rise in Xiguan during Tongzhi and Guangxu periods in Qing Dynasty. The facade of Xiguan is very distinctive, with stone feet and blue bricks. The main entrance has three doors, namely, short-legged hanging door, Zhao Jian and hardwood door, also known as "three heads". The representative Chenjiaci in Liwan District was built in 1894. It is the most complete ancestral hall building with high artistic value in Lingnan area, a typical folk art in Lingnan area, and a masterpiece of the harmonious unity of traditional architectural style and southern architectural characteristics. At the beginning of the 21th century, the most successful and widely distributed buildings combining traditional forms of Guangzhou with western architectural art were commercial arcade buildings, which were three or four storeys high. They were not only tall but also elegantly decorated, such as Taotaoju and Luyuju. These buildings mostly reflected the architectural style of western neoclassicism.
Second, the position of tea house in urban life
Tea house is the product of China folk culture, which not only meets the needs of new cultural awareness, but also blends with traditional tea culture, and appears in front of the world with a new look. In the early 1991s, tea houses began to rise in Guangzhou, and now there are nearly 211 tea houses with a certain scale. This indicates that people have a new consumption consciousness of tea. The usual "three teas and two meals" are mainly snacks, followed by tea, while in the tea house, they focus on fine tea and pursue the wonderful realm of tea tasting, which has gone through the process of "quantitative change" to "qualitative change", in short, from "drinking tea" to "tasting tea". Tea art museum provides consumers with a better atmosphere and environment for drinking tea, and people regard tea in tea art museum as an elegant enjoyment of leisure. In recent years, tea houses and tourism have been combined together. Some tourism organizations are linked with tea producers and scientific research units, and set up tea experience activities in tea gardens in the suburbs of the city, setting up tea tasting and tasting spots, allowing tourists to pick, make and evaluate their own tea, popularizing tea science and promoting tea art, attracting many domestic and foreign tourists. Tea houses have become a good place for tourism.
3. Features and decorative elements with Xiguan style
3.1 The buildings in Xiguan show Lingnan characteristics
Traditional buildings in Guangzhou are concentrated in Xiguan, and the buildings in Xiguan show Lingnan characteristics. Lingnan architecture in Guangzhou has a long history and profound cultural heritage, which is an organic combination of architecture and Lingnan gardens. The building has a light and transparent figure and is full of traditional culture charm. For example, in Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street in Guangzhou, the high windows with pink, yellow and colored wood inlaid glass include Manchu window, butterfly window, horizontal window, masonry wood carving, colored glass, glass leakage and so on, which reproduces the characteristic landscape of Xiguan. Xiguan big house rose from Tongzhi and Guangxu years in Qing Dynasty, and gradually formed a large house complex in Xiguan, which is characterized by a brick wall with stone feet, a short-legged hanging door, a Zhao Jian and a hardwood door at the main entrance, three corridors inside, a main hall in the middle and a back garden. In addition to the bench of the long bridge and the window of Manchuria with blue masonry feet, in the architecture of Xiguan, the most noticeable thing is the door of the trip, which opens as a trip and closes as a trip. The wicket is the second of the three heads of the gate, which is located behind the low-legged hanging door. It belongs to the fence sliding door, and is composed of large logs that are opened and closed horizontally. The number of crossbars is odd. It is said that it is because the folk tradition takes the odd number as the positive number, and the upper part of the gate is equipped with a track, and the lower part is equipped with pulleys. A few simple wooden columns reflect the elegance of Chinese architecture. It can be seen from the gate that people are very dependent on each other, and the extremely high wooden columns in one horizontal direction reflect the self-confident and far-sighted character of Xiguan people.
3.2 The layout of xiguan big house has strong local characteristics, such as the layout of the Divine Hall, that is, the main hall facing the door is the place where Xiguan people worship their ancestors and their families. The furniture is mostly symmetrical, and the tables and chairs are all made of precious sour branches. In front of the main hall, near the upper side of the patio, wooden screens are generally used to separate the hall from the patio; Above the main hall, there is also a god building for worshipping ancestors. There are slant halls, study rooms, bedrooms, kitchens and stairwells on both sides of the main hall. The slant hall is a place for family members to rest and receive guests. The slant hall or study area is not large, but there is always a courtyard, flowers and trees in front of the house, which makes people feel comfortable. After the guest room and the study, there are wing rooms and stairwells, which are generally symmetrical.
3.3 Characteristics of indoor decoration in Xiguan First of all, Xiguan people's daily necessities have the characteristics of combining Chinese and Western. From the exquisite screen wind to the colorful window of Manzhou, from the typical sour branch desk chair to the small wooden carved flower cover, there are also electric heaters, toilet mirrors, cameras, cosmetic boxes, water lamps, silver ebony chopsticks, mahogany ruler, teak juicer, copper water pot, pulp bowl and so on in the 1931s and 41s, which are very rich in Lingnan charm and style. If old photos are embedded in the corridors, walkways and wall frames, the old customs of Xiguan can be reproduced better.
IV. Essentials of Art Design of Tea House with Xiguan Style
4.1 Spatial layout. In China's traditional art, we pay attention to balanced internal rhythm. In China's art, there is a so-called "sparse and impenetrable" layout rule, which emphasizes the balance in change, which is in line with both the principle of scientific relativity and the law of artistic formal beauty. It is not uncommon in the spatial layout of traditional buildings in China, such as dynamic and static, sparse and dense, virtual and real, vertical and horizontal, overlapping and staggered. The layout of the tea house follows the spatial layout of traditional buildings in Xiguan, Guangzhou. The lines from the gate to the entrance to the hall remain unchanged, while the two sides of the hall are boxes and elegant rooms respectively; The patio is located between the two halls or boxes, separating the two halls. The patio can be provided with a roof, which can be used for lighting and ventilation. The kitchen can be arranged at the end, and there is a logistics delivery door in the kitchen to facilitate the entry and exit of kitchen supplies.
4.2 Application of color and lighting Color itself is a physical phenomenon, but people can feel the emotion of color, because people have lived in a world of color for a long time and accumulated many visual experiences. Tea house is a place where people can get quiet in the downtown area, so it adopts a quiet tone in color. For example, moist warm yellow and vibrant light green color can adjust people's mood. After color is integrated into the design of space, decoration and lighting, it can create various effects. Modern lamps are constantly developing, and the innovation of interior design should be combined with the application of modern lighting technology. The traditional luxury chandelier is no longer commonly used in modern catering design. In the large-scale public building space, the special lamps produced by modern technology are small in size, but have a strong sense of modernity, which can not only change the spatial scale, but also expand the spatial level and increase the atmosphere of the whole environment. Adjust the indoor atmosphere by changing the color of spotlights, and make the unchangeable space active. Different types of light have different functions and effects. For example, the ceiling is an important part of interior decoration, and it is also an indoor space. The most varied and eye-catching interface in decoration has a strong sense of perspective. Through different treatments, it can enhance the appeal of space and make the top surface shape colorful. At the same time, the installation of sound also occupies a decisive position. In order to inherit the local customs of Xiguan, we should consider giving priority to Guangdong music and cooperating with western light music, so that the tea house has strong Lingnan characteristics and the characteristics of combining Chinese and western.
4.3 the decoration of the tea house is arranged indoors, absorbing the characteristics of "shape" and "spirit" of Xiguan traditional decoration. Traditional style often gives people the feeling of historical continuity and regional context, which makes the indoor environment highlight the image characteristics of national cultural origin. Western modernist style pays attention to the formal beauty of the structure itself, simple and clean in shape, opposes redundant decoration, advocates reasonable composition technology, respects the performance of materials, pays attention to the texture of materials and the collocation effect of colors, and develops non-traditional asymmetric composition techniques based on functional layout. When decorating, the indispensable building components in the whole indoor space, such as columns and walls, should be decorated in combination with functional needs, and make full use of the texture characteristics of different decorative materials. Most of the decorations in xiguan big house are a combination of Chinese and Western. For example, traditional screens, furnishings and carved coffee tables can be used, with modern wallpaper and door and window decoration, exquisite wood carvings and new sofas; European-style classical glazed lamps and wall decoration, with traditional oriental furniture and local characteristics of furnishings, ornaments, etc., make it have a strong Lingnan charm. Although the mixed style is eclectic in design, it can be integrated in form, color, material and other aspects to form a family. The naming and setting of signs in each hall and room should have the characteristics of Xiguan style, and Lingnan and western Jiaguo names can be considered for naming, such as Litchi Hall and Bajiao Hall.
4.4 Application of patterns and materials Building materials are an important element to enhance the space effect, and also a breakthrough for design innovation. The organization of several new materials and different texture materials can play an inestimable role in improving the space conditions. Many public building spaces have more distinct application levels, such as wooden floors, block floors, terrazzo floors, plastic floors, cement floors, etc., with various patterns and rich colors. The choice of decoration form of the wall should be based on the above principles, and there are roughly the following forms: plastering decoration, veneer decoration, brushing decoration and coil decoration. With the development of industry, more and more coiled materials can be used to decorate the wall surface, such as plastic wallpaper, wall covering, glass fiber cloth, artificial leather, leather, etc. These materials are widely used, flexible and free, with various colors, good texture, convenient construction and moderate price, and are widely used in interior decoration. The building materials in Xiguan are mostly blue bricks, so the use of blue bricks here is very important. In order to combine the characteristics at that time, the use of wood, stained glass, flower windows and so on can not be less.
4.5 Greening has become an important means to improve the indoor environment in indoor design. Indoor grafting, mountain flowers, greening and potted plants, elegant stones, root carvings and other decorations play an active role in communicating indoor and outdoor environments, expanding the sense of indoor space and beautifying the space.
5. The design of the tea house should meet the functional and spiritual needs
5.1 The design of the tea house should meet the functional needs. To design a tea house with Xiguan style, it is necessary to inject elements and symbols with Xiguan style into the decoration layout of the tea house, starting from the aspects of space, color, lighting, patterns, decoration materials, etc., and to meet the requirements of people's production, work, consumption and rest in it. We should consider the law of people's activities and handle the spatial relationship, size and proportion well; Rational allocation of furnishings and furniture, properly solve the overall effect of indoor ventilation, color light and lighting.
5.2 The design of the tea house should meet the needs of spiritual functions. In the design of the tea house, creating a humanized space is the industry purpose of the tea house for leisure. In the design, we should create an indoor environment with reasonable function, comfort and beauty to meet people's material and spiritual needs according to the use nature, environment and corresponding standards of the building. This space environment not only has the use value, meets the corresponding functional requirements, but also reflects the spiritual factors such as history and culture, architectural style and environmental atmosphere. To design a tea art museum with Xiguan style, we should pay attention to people-oriented, and don't blindly pursue superficial glamour and forget that talent is the basic requirement of the subject.