Environmental art design plans, reorganizes and recreates the external space environment, and recreates the internal indoor space provided by the building. Professional content includes urban planning and architectural design, garden square design, landscape art, mural painting, sculpture art configuration, interior design, and design of various public facilities. The object of design involves various fields of natural ecological environment and humanistic social environment, and it is a major closely related to environmental sustainable development. It is also a major closely related to the sustainable development of a country, a nation and a regional culture.
The development and construction of environmental art design is closely related to people's survival and life. From the perspective of the world, the development progress of specialties and industries is very fast, and the results of large-scale environmental art design and development are remarkable. Designers from all over the world are actively exploring the sustainable development mode of human survival, production and living environment space by using high and new technologies they have mastered. In practice, the internationally recognized design principles can be summarized as three:
1. Ecological environment conducive to the protection of human survival
2. It is beneficial to the health of users.
3. It is beneficial to the user's spiritual harmony and physical and mental pleasure.
These three design principles, which are widely recognized by the international community, are the most fundamental human requirements and survival requirements from the use of functions to spiritual needs, and are beneficial to "people". Therefore, the humanized theme of environmental design-"humanistic care" is bound to be the most important topic facing designers today.
Second, about humanistic care in design.
(1) The concept of "humanity"
"Humanism" refers to various cultural phenomena in human society.
"Humanism" has two meanings in the concept of oriental traditional philosophy: 1) stands for an ideal human nature, that is, what kind of person is an ideal person; What kind of life is the ideal life. This refers to the basic human ideal and humanity. 2) What ways and means are used to realize the ideal humanity and ideal life?
In the dictionary, "person" refers to the person himself. In Chinese, "Wen" refers to a state in which society is at a higher stage of development, and it also means beautification, just like the word "Wen" means beautification.
"Humanistic spirit" refers to caring for and respecting people, enhancing people's survival ability, developing people's survival significance, promoting people's all-round development and pursuing a beautiful and happy life.
A good environmental art designer should be the embodiment and implementer of "humanistic spirit", show his love and respect for people in his design, improve the quality of people's living environment through design improvement, create a beautiful living environment, and let people feel the beauty and happiness of life.
② Humanistic care in design.
Refers to the design purpose with people as the main body. Its core is "design" and its purpose is "humanistic care".
Humanistic care in design is mainly manifested in humanized design, that is, designing a more humanized and convenient indoor and outdoor space environment, which is an important goal of modern social designers. In the information society, fast-paced work makes people feel more and more pressure. People hope to get more humanistic care in public space and live more comfortably and easily at home in private space.
Another important aspect is to infiltrate the cultural achievements of China for thousands of years into the design. Make the design full of China's humanistic characteristics, create China's humanistic realm, and show the spiritual care and respect for China people.
For environmental design:
● The higher the humanistic content in the design, the more distinctive the design results will be, the more it can reflect a nation's splendid cultural tradition, make the design unique, make users feel happy physically and mentally, and cultivate people's noble sentiments in a subtle environment.
● The more humanistic content in the design, the more the design results can meet the cultural needs of users, produce dialogue between environment and people, increase environmental awareness and harmony, and produce the agglomeration effect of environment on people.
The deeper the humanistic infiltration in design, the better the cultural taste of design. Meet users' aesthetic and spiritual needs and increase users' pride. Its design results also show the designer's design ability and level to implement the strategic thought of world sustainable development.
Specific to environmental art design;
1. On the basis of in-depth investigation of users (users' living habits, spatial functional needs, educational level, psychological needs, consumption patterns, hobbies for colors and shapes, etc.), designers should make a good design orientation and conduct in-depth design and repeated research on the basis of full investigation in the early stage. We should not only solve the problem of using functional configuration and overall space design, but also pay attention to detail design. Some people say that "God is in the details" makes sense. Good spatial function design and good detail design will make users feel considerate and caring.
2. Pay attention to the design care for special people. Our design should not only consider providing convenient, comfortable and considerate indoor and outdoor environments for normal people, but also consider special people who use these environments. That is, the groups that were often neglected in the past, such as the disabled, the elderly and children, should consider their special requirements and their special consumption psychology in the design, so that they can feel the care and warmth of society. In 1995, the World Design Union put forward the position paper of "overall design": "The original concepts of removing obstacles to facilitate the disabled were unintentional, but these concepts welcome improving the environment for everyone's benefit.
The overall design includes and expands this goal.
Overall design is the whole person's life, from small to large, depending on design.
The overall design serves all the design principles related to the environment.
The overall design is convinced that although people may have temporary or permanent disabilities, they may not be hindered by the environment.
Therefore, the International Design Union advocates:
Designers should be sensitive to everyone's needs.
Design should serve the most people in the safest, most practical and most comfortable way, without excluding anyone.
3. Improve the cultural content of the design, obtain the design personalization through diversification and broader vision, and reflect the spiritual care for people.
The conclusion is that under the guidance of the idea of sustainable development, technology alone cannot create a better society, and the continuation of culture is the most valuable thing in human society. Respect for national cultural traditions and regional styles in design is an important way to show design culture. In this design, traditional culture is included in the new design and can be inherited and spread. Designers should take it as their responsibility to design an indoor and outdoor space environment that can respect the traditional and local cultural characteristics, and give full consideration to the inheritance and development of history and culture, so that the design can reflect a high cultural content and artistic level, and at the same time reflect the designer's sense of social responsibility and accomplishment.
Green design: If the designers at the end of 19 welcomed the 20th century with a vibrant new artistic style by sublating the traditional style and longing and passion for the new century, then the designers at the end of the 20th century reflected on the historical process of industrial design for a century with calm and rational thinking, and looked forward to the development direction of the new century, not just pursuing formal innovation. In fact, in the 1990s, the style transformation seems to have come to an end. Postmodernism has become a thing of the past, deconstruction is still lofty and sparse, and industrial design needs a theoretical breakthrough. So many designers turned to explore the deep relationship between industrial design and human sustainable development, trying to establish a coordinated development mechanism among people, society and environment through design activities, which marked a major change in the development of industrial design. The concept of green design came into being and became one of the main trends of industrial design development.
Green design originates from people's reflection on the environmental and ecological damage caused by modern science and technology culture, and reflects the return of designers' morality and social responsibility. For a long time, industrial design has not only created a modern lifestyle and living environment for human beings, but also accelerated the consumption of resources and energy, causing great damage to the ecological balance of the earth. In particular, the excessive commercialization of industrial design has made design an important medium to encourage people's unrestrained consumption. The "planned commodity abolition system" is the extreme manifestation of this phenomenon, which has attracted a lot of criticism and censure, and designers have to rethink the responsibility and function of industrial design.
Green design pays attention to the ecological balance between man and nature, fully considers environmental benefits in every decision in the design process, and minimizes the damage to the environment. As far as industrial design is concerned, the core of green design is "3R", that is, reduction, recycling and reuse. It is not only necessary to minimize the consumption of materials and energy, reduce the emission of harmful substances, but also make products and parts easy to classify, recycle or reuse. Green design is not only a technical consideration, but also a conceptual change, which requires designers to give up over-emphasizing the novelty of products in appearance, focus on real innovation, create the appearance of products in a more responsible way, and extend the service life of products as much as possible with simpler and longer modeling.
Victor Papanek, an American design theorist, has a direct influence on green design. As early as the late 1960s, he published a controversial book, Design for the Real World. This book focuses on the most urgent human needs faced by designers and emphasizes the social and ethical values of designers. Babanak believes that the biggest function of design is not to create commercial value, nor is it a competition between packaging and style, but an element in the process of appropriate social change. He stressed that the design should seriously consider the use of limited earth resources to serve the protection of the earth's environment. Not many people could understand his point of view at that time. However, since the "energy crisis" broke out in the 1970s, his "limited resources theory" has been widely recognized.
Just as the utopian social ideal pursued by modernism is difficult to coordinate with the economic reality of capitalist society, green design is also idealistic to some extent, and it is difficult to achieve the balance between comfortable life and resource consumption, as well as the balance between short-term economic interests and long-term environmental protection goals. This not only requires consumers to have a conscious awareness of environmental protection, but also requires the government to promote it in laws and regulations. Of course, the efforts of designers are also essential.
Although green design does not pay attention to aesthetic expression or narrow design language, it emphasizes minimizing unnecessary material consumption and attaching importance to the use of recycled materials, which is also reflected in the appearance of products. In green design, "small is beautiful" and "less is more" have new meanings. Since the 1980s, there has been a design school that pursues the ultimate simplicity, which simplifies the modeling of products to the extreme. This is the so-called "minimalism". Philip Starck (1949-), a famous French designer, is a representative of reductionism. Philip is an all-rounder whose design fields involve architectural design, interior design, electrical product design, furniture design and so on. His furniture design is extremely concise, basically simplifying the shape to the simplest but very elegant form, which embodies the principle of "less is more" both visually and in the use of materials. Louis 20 chair and round table designed by Stark. The front legs, seat and backrest of the chair are made of plastic, which is as simple and humorous as the human body leaning on the rear legs of cast aluminum.
During the period of 1994, Stark designed a TV set for Sabah France Company, which adopted a shell molded from recyclable material-high density fiber, creating a new "green" vision for household appliances.
In many countries and regions, transportation is not only the main source of air and noise pollution, but also consumes a lot of valuable energy and resources. Therefore, the green design of vehicles, especially cars, has attracted the attention of designers. The continuous emergence of new technologies, new energy sources and new processes has opened up new prospects for designing environmentally-friendly automobile workers. Many industrial designers have made active explorations in this respect, and created novel and unique product images while trying to solve environmental problems. Green design has not only become a public relations strategy for enterprises to create a perfect corporate image, but also caters to consumers' growing awareness of environmental protection.
Reducing pollution emission is the primary problem of green design of automobiles. Technically speaking, there are two main ways to reduce tail gas pollution, one is to improve efficiency and thus reduce pollution, and the other is to adopt new clean energy. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the integrity from the appearance and reduce wind resistance. The EV 1 of American General Motors Company is the earliest electric vehicle in the world and the best energy-saving vehicle. Adopt all-aluminum alloy structure, streamline shape, and can travel112-114 km on one charge. 2 1 century, the sustainable development of human society will be an urgent problem, and green design will play a key role in the process of rebuilding human benign ecological home.